problems of tourism in north east india

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Tourism And Economic Development In North-East India

India’s “Look East” policy, initiated in 1991, marked a significant shift in India’s perspective of the world, focusing on forging economic and cultural ties with countries in the East. As part of this policy, the tourism industry played a crucial role in promoting economic development, especially in the North-East region of India. With its rich natural beauty, cultural diversity, and historical significance, the North-East has immense potential to attract tourists and drive economic growth. This article explores the impact of the Look East policy on the tourism industry in India, particularly in the North-East region.

By: Dipak Kurmi

Tourism potential of North-East India:

The North-East region of India boasts diverse tourism offerings that can captivate visitors from around the world. It is home to stunning natural landscapes, including scenic beauty, eco-tourism opportunities, and wildlife sanctuaries. The region also offers a vibrant cultural experience with its numerous festivals, tribal traditions, and unique handlooms and handicrafts. Furthermore, the North-East has historical and religious sites that attract pilgrims and heritage enthusiasts alike. Adventure tourism, golf tourism, and the exploration of ethnic diversity add to the region’s tourism appeal.

Assam’s role in North-East tourism:

Among the North-Eastern states, Assam stands out as a prime destination with vast tourism potential. Known for its tea plantations, biodiversity, and wildlife, Assam offers a range of experiences for nature enthusiasts. National parks like Kaziranga and Manas, home to the great Indian one-horned rhinoceros and other wildlife species, draw tourists from across the globe. The state’s historical sites, such as Sivasagar and Tezpur, offer a glimpse into Assam’s rich past. Moreover, pilgrimage sites like Kamakhya Temple and the cultural hub of Majuli, the largest river island in the world, contribute to Assam’s appeal as a tourist hotspot.

Government initiatives and challenges:

Recognizing the tourism potential of the North-East, the Indian government has undertaken several measures to promote the region’s development. The Look East policy has facilitated initiatives like the Asian Highway, Asian Railway link, and natural gas pipelines, enhancing connectivity and infrastructure. The establishment of a ship repair facility, skill universities, and the Assam Intra-State Transmission System Enhancement Project demonstrate the government’s commitment to boost tourism-related infrastructure. However, there are challenges to overcome, including limited awareness, inadequate promotion, and connectivity issues. Efforts are required to address these challenges and unlock the full potential of North-East tourism.

Economic impact of tourism:

The tourism industry plays a crucial role in fostering economic development in North-East India. It serves as a significant source of employment, both skilled and unskilled, promoting national integration and international brotherhood. Tourism generates foreign exchange earnings and stimulates other sectors such as hospitality, transport, and handicrafts. By attracting tourists, the region experiences an inflow of investments and increased trade opportunities. The economic benefits of tourism extend beyond urban areas, positively impacting rural communities and encouraging sustainable development.

The Look East policy has had a transformative impact on the tourism industry in India, particularly in the North-East region. By recognizing and harnessing the tourism potential of the North-East, India has opened up new avenues for economic growth and development. Assam, with its natural beauty, historical sites, and cultural heritage, stands out as a key player in driving tourism in the region. However, concerted efforts are required to overcome challenges and effectively promote North-East tourism on a global scale. With the right strategies and investments, the North-East region of India can truly become a thriving tourism destination, contributing significantly to the country’s overall economic prosperity. (The writer is a journalist and commentator based in Guwahati, he can be reached at [email protected])

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Tourism sector in the north eastern states-challenges and opportunities

International Journal of Development Research

Changing lifestyles and economic growth led to rise in tourism sector. India is the ideal tourist destination due to diverse culture, language, art, music, clothing, festivals, religion, wild life and soon. North-East India is well blessed by Nature and it lays at the centre of one of the  world’s  richest bio-geographic areas. It is the treasure house of various economic resources. It has a rich cultural and ethnic heritage that can easily make it a tourist-spot. Tourism has the greatest potential for generating income and employment opportunities in North-East Indian states because NE India is not only characterized by the blending of flora and fauna it is also exceptionally rich in bio-diversity. Moreover the wildlife sanctuaries at various places of North-East India can attract the tourists all over the world. Further, tea tourism and golf tourism of NE India will attract the tourists. This paper makes an attempt to explore the potentiality from North-East Indian states which will maintain a bright prospect of economic development in terms of tourism industry in near future. In case of North Eastern Region, proper initiative of tourism development has so far not been undertaken despite the region has tremendous scope for tourism with its cultural heritage and scenic beauty. An integrated approach to promote tourism in the North Eastern Region as a whole is the need of the hour.

Problems and Prospects of Ecotourism in North East India

AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808

Arabinda Medhi

Ad-hoc Assistant Professor, Department of Economics

Khagarijan College, Nagaon, Assam , India.

Email: [email protected] Contact: 7002558359

1.Abstract: North Eastern India is well blessed naturally and its rich ethnic heritage. Ecotourism is a growing area in this tourist friendly region. It is a responsible tour to the natural areas, which cover the ecology and promote the welfare of the people. It is sound environment tourism. It focuses to the destination where flora and fauna, cultural and other historical heritage etc. exist. If ecotourism is not properly monitored it can be as damaging as mass tourism. The paper highlights the challenges and opportunities of ecotourism in North Eastern India.

Keywords: North Eastern India, Ecotourism, Welfare, Environment, People

2.Introduction:-

The North Eastern India is endowed with numerous beautiful hill ranges covered with forests, coupled with the rich natural and cultural heritage provide unique opportunities for Ecotourism. The landscape constituents of the region via hills (60%),plateau(12%) together with the river system contributes substantially in enriching the scenic component. This area is a part of Indo -Burma Hotspot with 66.07 % of forest covered area (SFR 2015) that supports various species of mammals, birds, reptiles ,more than 2500 species of plants and quite 300 species of medical plants.

Ecotourism or Ecologically Sustainable Tourism may be a kind of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine and comparatively undistributed natural areas, intended as a coffee impact and offer small scale alternative to straightforward commercial mass tourism. It offers opportunity to showcase states’ unique natural and associated cultural heritage to visitors while enhancing the livelihood options for the local peoples. Ecotourism is globally identified as a means of achieving twin goals of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development.

Ecotourism focuses on local cultures and wildness adventures and environmental protection. Moreover it can generate employment opportunities, particularly in underdeveloped areas. It also ensures proper utilization of natural resources like landscape, mountains, biodiversity area, rivers etc. for the benefit of the local people. Ecotourism is that the best thanks to enjoy the nature’s charisma.

3.Tourism vs Ecotourism**The key difference between tourism and ecotourism lies with the involvement of nature; tourism is much concerned about the wellbeing of the local people and conservation of nature ,ecotourism tries to form a minimal impact on the people and on the environment.

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4.Main Focus of Ecotourism:-

 Ecotourism focuses on local culture, wildness adventures and cultural heritage.  Personal growth and leaving new ways to live on our vulnerable planet.  On cultural artifacts from the society.  Travel to destination where Flora, Fauna and ethnic heritage are the primary attraction.  Minimize the adverse effects of traditional tourism on natural environment and cultural integrity of local people.  Evaluating cultural and environmental elements initiatives by hospitality providers to promote energy efficiency, water reuse, recycle and the creation of economic opportunities for local individuals.

** In most of the time it is used as a substitute of Tourism. 5.Study Area:

The study area of the paper is Ecotourism in North-eastern India. The area comprises eight states via Arunachal Pradesh , Assam, Meghalaya , Tripura , Mizoram , Manipur , Nagaland and Sikkim . The region covers an area of 2.5 lakhs sq. km out of which 4567 km is bounded by international border. The region has 4.85 cores population as per the census of 2011. 6.Methodology and Data Base To cope with the objectives of the study an evaluative and descriptive method has been adopted for the study. The present paper is based on secondary data only and was collected from various books, journals, magazines report and publication, internet etc.

7.Objectives of the Study:

The basic objectives of the present paper are: 1. To explore various Eco tourist destination of the NE India. 2. To assess the potentiality of ecotourism in NE India. 3. To unearth the problems of ecotourism in the region. 4. To explore the pattern of foreign tourist arrival and domestic tourist arrival within the region.

8.Usefullness of the Study:

The study would be useful to all stake holders in tourism. It is useful in understanding the problems and prospects of ecotourism in NE India and thereby helps to promote sustainable development by raising standard of living with a great environmental protection. The suggestion and policy recommendations made in the study would be useful to formulate the policy for future growth of ecotourism in the North East India. 9.Prospects of Ecotourism in the North East India:

Protected Area Based Ecotourism-The North East India is blessed with natural resources. There are numbers of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries which are created to preserve the valuable wildlife

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resources of the region. Such wildlife resources should be preserved, protected and promoted to attract tourists from the rest of the world.

Village Based Ecotourism-Rural tourism also can grow tremendously in the region. Traditional methods of cultivation, housing pattern, rural life style, food habit, dresses, music and dances festivals always attract tourists.

River Based Ecotourism-There is also tremendous potentiality of river based tourism in the region.The region is having mighty rivers like river Brahmaputra and Barak. The government of Assam has already started Brahmaputra beach festival. Further there is a great scope of developing river angling, canoeing, Para-sailing, white water rafting, river expedition, cruising, boating etc. Ecotourism based on Pilgrim sites: There are various pilgrim sites in the region such as Kamakhya Temple( Guwahati ),Poa Mocca of Hajo(Guwahati), Tawang Monastery , Mainathan and Parashuram Kunda(Arunachal Pradesh), Imphal ’s Govinda Temple, Bhubaneswar temple, Jagganath Temple and Tripura Sundari Temple(Tripura), rumtake Monastry, Zurmang Monastry, Phodong Monastry, Pamayangtse Monastry, Tashiding Monastery ,(Sikkim) etc. There is the potentiality to attract pilgrims from China, Myanmar and Thailand. Medical Ecotourism: The north eastern region has various government and private medical institution of high standard and there is a scope for developing medical ecotourism. Ecotourism based on Historical Monuments and Caves: The region has been famous for various historical monuments, historical places, archeological sites, forts, ancients temples. Moreover, the NE state of Meghalaya has more than 780 caves. In the region cave tourism can be promoted.

Ecotourism in Forests outside the protected Area-The entire region is covered with green forests and vegetation. Most of the region is highly covered by dense forests. Moreover, the region has many world famous tea gardens and is rich in Orchids. Golf Course Based Ecotourism-The states like Meghalaya and Assam have various Golf courses. In Assam 10 golf courses are located within the compact area of tea estates. Most of the golf courses are having adequate infrastructure which can be further improved for golf tourism. Ecotourism Based on Ethnicity and Culture: The NE states are rich in Ethnicity and Culture. Different ethnic groups of the region have their own language and dialect, religious practices, customs and traditions, dresses, cuisines and preforming art. Hence there is tremendous scope promotion cultural ecotourism in the region.

10.Tourist Destinations of the Region: The Eco tourist destination of the region are-

National parks:

Namdapha National Park, Arunachal Pradesh Kaziranga National Park , Assam Bhal Phakram National Park, Meghalaya Nokrek National Park , Meghalaya Mauling National Park ,Arunachal Pradesh Keibul Lamjo National Park ,Manipur Sirohi National Park, Manipur Murlen National Park , Mizoram Natangki National Park, Nagaland Phawngpni National Park , Mizoram Pobitara Wild Life Sanctuary, Assam Sipahijola Wild Life Sanctuary, Tripura

Volume 8, Issue 5, 2020 http://aegaeum.com/ Page No: 1041 AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808

Orang National Park, Assam Manash National Park, Assam Dibru Saikhowa National Park, Assam Nameri National Park , Assam

Waterfalls:

Nohkalikai fall, Meghalaya Nohsngithiang fall, Meghalaya Lang Shiyang fall, Meghalaya Keynrem fall, Meghalaya Elephant fall, Meghalaya panimur fall, Assam Vantawng fall, Mizoram Nurarang fall, Arunachal Champawati Kunda, Assam Siva Kunda, Assam Akashigangafall, Assam Bishop fall, Meghalaya Khaipolangso fall, Assam Belughat fall, Assam Reserved Forest:

Kakoijana Reserved Forest-It is famous for Golden Langurs.

Pilgrim sites:

Kamakhya Temple (Guwahati) Poa Mocca of Hajo (Guwahati) Tawang Monastery Mainathan and Parashuram Kunda (Arunachal Pradesh) Imphal’s Govinda Temple Bhubaneswar temple Jagganath Temple and Tripura Sundari Temple (Tripura) Rumtake Monastery Zurmang Monastery Phodong Monastery Pamayangtse Monastery Tashiding Monaster, (sikkim) Hills:

Kangchanjunga (located in Nepal, Sikkim) Naga Hills Patkai hills Khasi hills , Meghalaya Assam Himalaya hills Garo Hills Salla Pass Jong Song hillsGimi Gela Suli Mountain Kabru Mountain Kirat Suli Mountain

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Lusai Hills or Mizo Hills

River Island

Majuli, Assam-total area of 1250 square km. Umananda Island, Assam-the smallest island in the world. Hill Station: Haflong, Assam Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh Cherrapunji, Meghalaya Lakes:

Kaecheplri Lake, Sikkim Lake Tsongmo, Sikkim Gurudongmar Lake, Sikkim Lake Shilloi, Nagaland Umium Lake, Meghalaya Chandubi Lake , Assam Dipor Beel, Assam Son Beel, Assam Rudrasagar Lake or Rudijala Lake,tripura & Meghalaya Bijoy Sagar, Tripura Other Tourist Spot: Living Root Bridge, Cherrapunji, Meghalaya

11.Tourist Trend to The NE Area:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SL Years States Foreign % of Domestic % of total no tourists(FT) total FT Tourists(DT) DT 1 2008-09 Arunachal Pradesh 321 0.83 39767 1.17 Assam 7285 18.44 2288093 67.39 Manipur 249 0.63 93476 2.75 Meghalaya 12407 31.42 433495 12.77 Mizoram 326 0.82 38598 1.15 Nagaland 1084 2.75 10056 0.29 Sikkim 14646 37.08 230719 6.79 Tripura 3171 8.03 260907 7.69 Total 39489 100 3395090 100% 2 2011-12 Arunachal Pradesh 404 0.92 82686 1.36 Assam 10432 23.68 2569842 42.55

Volume 8, Issue 5, 2020 http://aegaeum.com/ Page No: 1043 AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808

Manipur 297 0.68 98870 1.63 Meghalaya 7500 17.02 388704 6.43 Mizoram 356 0.81 56854 0.96 Nagaland 675 1.53 16578 0.28 Sikkim 20456 46.44 264256 4.38 Tripura 3920 8.92 2560456 42.40 Total 44040 100% 6038246 100%

Source: Department of tourism; Gov. of India, (Figures in column 5 and column 7 are calculated by the author)

(B)Explanation: Sikkim has highest share of Foreign Tourist inflow (37.08 %) and Assam has highest share of Domestic Tourist inflow (67.36%) among the NE states during 2008-09. But during 2011-12, Sikkim (46.44) and Assam (42.45) has highest shares in foreign tourist inflow and domestic tourist inflow respectively. During 2008-09, Manipur (0.635) has least share in foreign tourist inflow and Nagaland(0.295) has least share in domestic tourist inflow. The situation remains same also during 2011-12.

The inflow of domestic tourists and foreign tourists has been increasing. During the period of 2008 and 2012 % of foreign tourist inflow to the region increased by 11.52 % .whereas the % of domestic tourist inflow increased by 77.78 %.During the same period foreign % tourist inflow increases for the states Sikkim ,Tripura, Nagaland , Arunachal Pradesh , Assam. On the other hand, % of foreign tourist inflow decreases for the states like Manipur, Meghalaya, and Mizoram. During the same period, % of domestic tourist inflow increases for Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura and Nagaland. While the % of domestic tourist inflow for the states like Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland.

12.Problems of Ecotourism in the North East India:

Although there is great potentiality of ecotourism in the region, yet it is suffering some problems .Close and specific attention of government is highly important to avail the optimal benefit of tourism. The main problems of ecotourism in the region are Insufficient Transportation and Communication facilities: The transportation and communication facilities status of the region is very poor. Again the natural hazards like flood, landslide harm roads almost every year .Hence, although there is incentive from government to improve the roads it becomes irritating.

Geographical Isolation: The North-eastern region is a landlocked region and only connected by 22 kms chicken neck. Moreover, the region sometimes gets completely cut-off from the larger part of the country due to some natural calamities like landslide, flood etc. Unavailability of Average Standard accommodation: Infrastructure and hotels are few in numbers and they needed to be improved. The stake holders and owners should be trained in hospitality and preserve their traditional home and food habits. Security and Insurgency Problems: Government policy, generation stability and security are very important factor for any long run sustainable ecotourism in the region. Various militant groups like ULFA, NDFB(s) active in the region, which act as a threat to various foreign and domestic tourists.

Volume 8, Issue 5, 2020 http://aegaeum.com/ Page No: 1044 AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808

Lack of Promotion: Lack of proper advertising, marketing, networking , brand building, initiative, market research, skill development and publishing materials relating to NE region are another problems towards the development of ecotourism in the terrain. Very few travellers even in India, have little ides about the region and consider some of the states to be alien and dangerous. Rigid Laws and Restrictions: Various laws and restrictions are another impediments in this context. Government of India has certain permit system such as RAP (restricted area permit),ILP(inner line permit) and both Indian and foreign nationals have to abide by them to gain entry into some states. Inadequate Public Services & wayside amenities: The region is facing also the problem of inadequate public services and way side amenities. The public services like PCOs, ATMs, banking and other financial services, petrol pumps, toilets, road maps for tourists, have to be provided in order to boost interest of tourists for the region. Poverty and Illiteracy: The per capita income and state domestic products are very low in the region. Therefore the level of living standard is below the average quality. Moreover, illiteracy among the people nearby tourist spots act as a constraint towards the development of tourist industry. Communication Gap: Due to language problems there may exits a communication gap between the tourists and the common peoples. This may also act as a disturbing factor for the tourists. Natural Hazards: Various natural hazards like flood, landslide, flash flood etc. are frequent in the area. They create problems for the tourist’s .Moreover, Most the tourist spots like Kaziranga and Pobitara etc. are affected by flood. They remain closed during the flood. Lack Environment Friendly Tourism: Tourists are attracted by hygienic and clean environment of the spots. But due to the lack of proper of management of tourist destinations some of the tourists reject to come to the region. Lack of local Community Participation: Participation and acceptation of local community is key for the success of ecotourism. Failure of ecotourism in the region creates disincentives to the local community to participate in the entire process which in turn further aggravate the problem of disincentive for the tourists.

13.Suggestion and Policy Recommendation: In order to strengthen the current state of Ecotourism in the NE India some suggestion and policy recommendations are mentioned form the author. Preservation and restoration of historical monuments, artwork, painting, carving etc. with every care should be Improved and add value to the existing destination and create new one. Improve the management of natural and manmade resources in the region. Set standard of requirements for the employment in tourism and hospitality sector. All around development of infrastructure, efficient means of transport including civil aviation. Adequate and proper information research and communication on tourism should be made available. Pay more attention on environment protection, more emphasis should be placed on ecofriendly sustainable tourism. Awareness campaign should be conducted towards sustainable tourism and there should be peoples’ participation. Cost Benefit analysis of Environment should be undertaken prior to the commencement of major projects. Agencies, corporations groups and individuals should follow the ethical and other principles with respect to the culture and environment of the host area. Leverage our ethnicity, culture and nature’s enormous gift to the region. Improve the law and order situation.

14.Concluding Remark:

Volume 8, Issue 5, 2020 http://aegaeum.com/ Page No: 1045 AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808

In spite of all the problems ecotourism has a strong and reliable advantage to boost the economy of a particular country. In the context of North Eastern India, it may be stated here that the tourism has tremendous potentiality to reinforce the development pace of the region sustainably. Ecotourism can bring prosperity to the region as it has broad natural base. Ecotourism has been rightly recognized as smokeless industry that provide all the benefits to the manufacturing without any way adding to any negative impact like environmental degradation. Actually the benefit of ecotourism is so many and so diverse that almost all countries of the world are according a very high priority to its promotion. Government of India has to reap all potential benefits of ecotourism from the NE region as the area is regarded as the Paradise for tourists. All the governments of the NE states are increasing their attention towards the tourism sector. One request to the policy makers to remove sluggishness in making public investment projects on promoting sustainable tourism in the region, as there is every possibility of faster development with it.

**************************

Reference: Basic statistics of NE region, various issues Middleton,T.C. and Hawkins R(1998) Sustainable Tourism; A marketing perspective Balyan,Rohit(2012);Ecotourism and Sustainable Development in India Dept. Of Forest 1969,Kaziranga:The Rhino Land in Assam;Guwahati:Govt of Assam World Tourism Organisation;1999;Guide For Local Authorities on Developing Sustainable Tourism ,Madrid;WTO Devi,Meena Kumari;Ecotourism in Assam :A Promising for Development, E-book of Ministry Of Tourism;Govt. Of India,2016-17 Annual Report 2015-16;Ministry of Tourism ;Govt of India Statistical Hand Book ;Assam,2016-17 Statistical Hand Book ;Govt of India,2016-17 Das Runumi;Prospects and problems of Tourism in Assam Tourism Policy of Assam;2016-17 Department of Tourism Govt of India https://www.worldwidejournals.com

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North East India – Insurgency and Other Issues

Last updated on February 22, 2024 by Alex Andrews George

The Northeast region of India comprises eight states – Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Tripura and Sikkim.

North East India is a region poorly connected to the Indian mainland by a small corridor – Silghuri Corridor (also known as Chicken Neck – with a narrow width of only 23 kilometers).

North Eastern India has been facing the problems of insurgency for nearly 5 decades, but things are now settling down and peace started to prevail.

Table of Contents

What is insurgency?

An insurgency is an armed rebellion against a constituted authority when those taking part in the rebellion are not recognized as belligerents. In the case of the Indian scenario, it can be seen as armed rebellion and violent protests against Indian Government or authority.

t is characterized by the use of irregular military tactics, guerrilla warfare, and asymmetric tactics by non-state actors or insurgent groups. Insurgencies are driven by a variety of political, social, economic, or ethnic grievances, and they typically seek to challenge or overthrow existing political systems.

Insurgency in North East India

Nagaland, Manipur, Assam, and Tripura had been witnessing conflict since the 1950-60 period, but since 1990, the intensity of conflicts started to decrease. Now the only state where a prominent insurgency exists is Manipur.

These insurgencies have been driven by a complex interplay of factors, including historical, social, economic, and political grievances. It’s important to note that the situation has evolved, and efforts have been made to address the root causes of conflicts.

But in this region, several armed factions operate. Some groups call for a separate state, others for regional autonomy while some extreme groups demand complete independence.

Reasons for conflict in North East India:

• Historical reasons – loosely administered under British India.
• Tensions between these states and the central government.
• Tensions between tribal people, who are natives of these states, and migrant peoples from other parts of India.
• Geographical reasons – not well connected with the present Indian mainland.
• Developmental reasons – Poorly developed due to lack of funds from centers/States.
• Environmental reasons.
• Military reasons –   AFSPA (Armed Forces Special Power Act) .
• Foreign Policy – Look for easy policy and market changes bought.
• External support – China and Myanmar.

Insurgent Groups in North East India

The following are the insurgent groups operating in Northeast India:

• Formed in 1979, ULFA initially sought Assamese independence. It has been involved in armed struggle, bombings, and attacks against security forces.
• Internal divisions have led to peace talks with one faction, while another faction, led by Paresh Baruah, continues armed resistance.
• NDFB, formed in the late 1980s, seeks an independent Bodoland for the Bodo people. The conflict has resulted in violence and displacement.
• Ceasefire agreements have been signed with factions of NDFB, and peace talks are ongoing.
• Various smaller groups, including the Karbi Longri N.C. Hills Liberation Front (KLNLF), have been involved in conflicts seeking autonomy or independence.
• Various groups in Manipur, including PLA and UNLF, have sought independence or greater autonomy. The conflict has involved attacks on security forces and political leaders.
• Ongoing talks, but some factions remain active.
• Multiple groups in Manipur, including KCP, have engaged in armed struggle for political and ethnic rights.
• Efforts have been made to address grievances and bring about peace.
• NSCN, formed in 1980, initially sought an independent Nagalim. The conflict has seen several rounds of talks.
• Ceasefire agreements and talks have been ongoing, with discussions on autonomy within the Indian Union.
• NLFT and ATTF have sought Tripura’s secession from India, leading to violence and displacement.
• Ceasefire agreements have been signed, and efforts are made for political integration.
• MNF, which sought Mizo independence, engaged in armed struggle in the 1960s and 1970s.
• Following the Mizoram Accord in 1986, there has been political integration, and MNF is now a political party.

Arunachal Pradesh:

• While Arunachal Pradesh has not witnessed major insurgencies compared to some other northeastern states, there have been sporadic incidents and concerns related to border disputes.

Recent Observations about North East India

Some of the recent observations about the Northeast are:

Insurgency & Ceasefire

• The basic ingredient of insurgency i.e. popular support is drying up in the region. Insurgency is active only in Manipur. There are around 50 insurgent groups in Manipur.
• Ceasefire and Suspension of Operations with militant groups allow them to indulge in extortion and kidnapping, which in turn help them maintain their clout over the people of the region.
• There exists a deep nexus between all the insurgent groups in the Northeast. The CPI (Maoist) is also in touch with the Northeast insurgents primarily to source weapons. Arms were given by the United Liberation Force of Asom (ULFA) to the CPI (Maoist) in West Bengal.
• The biggest challenge to the North East is extortion carried out by various insurgent groups. Extortion has become a meticulously organized activity in the region and is one of the major sources of funds for the militants.
• It is important to understand the culture and psyche of the people of the East while framing policy alternatives.
• The perceived threat to the political identity of the Assamese people from the illegal migrants from Bangladesh lies at the core of the Assam problem. The indigenous people of Assam feel that in the future the illegal migrants will become the majority population and they will lose political power.
• The ceasefire agreements and peace negotiations have resulted in reducing the violence levels and given the civil societies of the region space to talk.
• One of the ways to contain insurgency in the region is to delegate powers to ethnic minorities through the Autonomous District Councils so that they can fashion their development.
• The implementation of the Sixth Schedule in Assam has not benefited the tribal communities of the state. Following the 73rd and 74th amendments, the Central and state governments are providing huge amounts of financial resources to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI) and municipalities. Since the scheduled areas do not fall under the purview of the PRI and municipalities, they do not receive any share of these funds and as a result, they lose out.

Development

• The security situation in the region has improved considerably in Assam and Meghalaya in particular facilitating a conducive atmosphere for investment and development. The Northeast Industrial Policy initiated by the Government of India further contributed to encouraging investment and industries in the region.
• However, the Northeast will not attract big industries because the region is a resource deficit, and does not have economies of scale to match. Moreover, the security situation in the whole of the region has not improved uniformly.
• The North East Council (NEC) and the Ministry for the Development of the North East Region (DoNER) have become fund disbursing agencies instead of strategic planning agencies. At present approximately Rs. 11,000 crore is lying idle with the Ministry of DoNER.

Look East Policy

• The North East remains inward-looking focussing primarily on internal conflicts. There is no discussion on the benefits that could accrue to the region from the Look East Policy.
• If the North East Region is opened up there is a fear of being swamped by cheap Chinese goods, which would spell disaster for the local manufacturing units.
• Apprehensions exist that the development of communication links could result in developing strong links between the people of the North east with the people of China, Myanmar, and ASEAN countries, which would undermine the unity and integrity of India.

Border issues

• The international borders in the Northeast are extremely porous. Thus, cross-border infiltration of militants and smuggling of arms are rampant in the region.
• China has differing claims in Arunachal Pradesh. Along the westernmost corner, the Chinese claim line lay 20 km south and in the easternmost extreme of Arunachal Pradesh, it lay 30 km south.
• International boundaries in the North East have not crystallized into lines separating sovereign countries on the ground.

Recommendations to solve North East India Problems

• A thorough background check of all insurgent groups should be carried out before the central government enters into any Ceasefire or Suspension of Operations Agreements with the insurgents.
• Political solutions to the Assam problem should be discussed openly as widely as possible to avoid backlash from the tribal and the minority population of the state.
• A system of work permits should be issued so that the illegal Bangladeshi migrants do not end up as Indian citizens.
• The Autonomous District Councils should be empowered.
• Governance should be improved in a step-by-step manner. Strict supervision by senior officials should be initiated to improve the delivery system of the government.
• The Ministry of the Development of the North East Region (DoNER) be merged with the North East Council (NEC) for better strategic planning and coordination of various developmental projects in the region.
• The focus of the Ministry of DoNER and NEC should be on investment in mega-projects which will make a big difference to the development of the region.
• Institutional capacities in the Northeast should be developed urgently.
• A pragmatic land use policy should be formulated to attract industries in the region. Micro, small, and medium enterprises should be encouraged.
• Local tourism should be promoted. Tourists residing in the eight North Eastern states should be encouraged to travel within the region.
• Niche tourism or high-end tourism should be encouraged. Medical and higher education tourism should be encouraged.
• The North East should become a single economic unit without disturbing the political boundaries of the states. No internal traffic barriers in the region. Exclusive five-year plan for the Northeast focusing on the development of infrastructure.
• Greater awareness about the Look East Policy and its benefits to the North East should be generated among the policymakers and the intelligentsia of the region.
• Ties with Myanmar should be deepened by exploiting Myanmar’s anxieties about China as well as existing deep civilization and spiritual ties.
• The North East region must be included in the India-ASEAN Vision for trade and cooperation. The Development Plan for the North East should factor in India-ASEAN strategic cooperation.
• Integrated and bottoms-up approaches are required for the integration of the Northeast in the Look East Policy. The North East should formulate plans as to how it can engage with the ASEAN. Better coordination of efforts by all the Northeastern states should be ensured.
• Visa offices in Bangladesh and Myanmar should be located in the North East.
• Centers/Departments for the studies of neighboring countries like Myanmar, Bangladesh, Tibet, Bhutan, and Nepal in Universities should be set up in universities to understand India’s neighbors better.

Read: Act East Policy

• Special economic zones along the India-Bangladesh border, especially in Meghalaya and Assam should be set up.
• States should focus more on the development and security of the border areas.
• Sentiments of the people of Arunachal Pradesh should be taken into consideration by the central government while discussing the frameworks for the resolution of the border dispute with China.
• Matching infrastructure and military capability should be built to ensure peace and enable negotiations from a position of strength.

Courtesy and Reference: IDSA and Wikipedia

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Reader Interactions

January 31, 2015 at 9:20 am

Sir How can North East be resources deficient ? Referring to ” development ” when der is sufficient energy resources in ne ?

October 24, 2016 at 8:47 pm

Hello there,

I have noticed that you wrote eight states but if you can count properly, you will find that you wrote seven which is the correct number but you have added Sikkim which is not a part of the North-East “Seven Sister States”. These “Seven Sister States” comprise of Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Assam and Tripura. Please do read more before you write an academic article as it can be misleading and thus provinding wrong information.

November 11, 2016 at 11:09 pm

hello khasi women, For your kind information we have eight States in Northeast India. Sikkim has been newly added. please do study well before pointing out others mistake.

October 14, 2017 at 11:41 am

Its true that we have seven sister states pre 2003 but after 2003 Sikkim is included in North-East and now considered as little brother of the seven sister. so, currently we have 8 States in North-East not seven.

August 11, 2020 at 9:52 pm

Main reason for insurgency is not adequate ly represented..racism..ignored by centre ..election system..northeast is not for making a good india map..and resource exploitation..northeast people have lots of potential..what can autonomous council do..just change election syaytem..appoint a person of norteast race type as pm..only then more fund..more infrastructure..make strict law for racism,adequate representation of diff sections of north east peiple….all insurgency will be gone..

August 23, 2020 at 1:43 am

In your introduction, you didn’t mention Meghalaya as one of the state in North east India. Why ???

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A Comparative Study of Tourism Industry in North-Eastern States of India

Abstract: Despite of so many unique and natural beauties the North-eastern region of India is still place of least visited in India. Though the Government of India has been providing the financial assistance for development of tourist Infrastructure and promotion and marketing, the performances and development of the tourism in states is totally different. In this context, the present paper examines the tourism in North-eastern states of India. Major findings are the inflows of tourists are higher in Assam state and lower in Nagaland. Tourism sectors share in Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is high in Assam. As for the growth rate of tourists’ influx is concerned, the growth rate in Arunachal Pradesh is much higher with 55 percent compared to other states. Further, the Density of Tourist Population (DTP) and The Percapita Tourist arrival (PCT) is high in Sikkim with 101.57 and 1.19 respectively and lowest in Nagaland with 1.35 and 0.01. The major constraints of North-east tourism development and uneven performance among states are insufficient funds, lack of infrastructure, transportation, lack of alternatives means of transport, Marketing, boundary issues, terror effect and permit period. Steps should be taken to wipe-out the constraints for tourism development. Keywords: Tourism, North-east India, tourism development, Tourists’ influx,

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This study is an attempt to analyse the recent growth of tourism in north eastern region of India based on secondary sources of time series data. In order to understand the variation of tourist inflow and the resultant revenue generation, a time period of 2005-06 to 2016-17 has been considered for the study. The study basically investigates the state wise trends and annual growth rate of domestic as well as foreign tourist's inflow across the eight north eastern states of India during the time period. The study also examined the growth rate of tourism revenue and its contributions to state GDPs across selected north eastern states of India. The findings of the study reveals that, States like Assam, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh have shown better performance in attracting more domestic as well as foreign tourists over the study period. So far as foreign tourist's inflow is concerned, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh have attracted maximum tourists of this category. It has found that, contribution of tourism revenue to state GDPs by north eastern states is very negligible. The study clearly reveals that, Sikkim is the topmost performer in tourism in recent years. Thus, enormous potentialities of tourism industry can become a significant sector towards economic growth of north eastern region of India. Policy makers and other stakeholders are expected to get fruitful information from this study to design suitable policies in favour expansion of this industry.

SSRN Electronic Journal

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International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management

TMU Faculty Dr.Chanchal Chawla

Sarang S Bhola

To explore the literature in tourism, researcher has examined reputed journals and secondary sources and reviewed 59 research articles and 9 marketing research reports of Government of India Ministry of Tourism and annual reports. Efforts made to synthesized review to present in a paper. It noticed that Indian tourism research worked out on various areas like village tourism. eco-tourism, sea tourism, medical tourism. and cruise tourism, with its potential as well as threats and challenges. Some of the study has been carried out on popular tourist destinations viz, Lakshadweep, Kerala, Goa, Uttaranchal, Bangalore and various parts of North and North East India and Panchgani bill station of Satara district. The results of study provide the scope for furtber research viz. to determine the gap in between planning and implementation of tourism efforts. investigating relation between infrastructure development with tourism development, to find out the relation between promotion and tourist arrival etc. Analysis the effectiveness of marketing strategy for the growth of tourism industry. to study effective financial management for the growth of tourism, to analyze the effect of projection on significant stakeholders and vice versa, including government; non-government commercial, local population, lobbyists etc. to study effective tourism policy to make prosper exclusively local community. To understand the effectiveness of tourism products like forts, hills, dams, windmills, flora, Jake, bird sanctuary, Koyna wild life Sanctuary etc. to attract large tourist arrival. To explore new destinations to attract both domestic tourists and worldwide. To check the effectiveness of medical therapy to attract large tourist flow, to check role of government in promotion of medical tourism. However, there are various issues plaguing the industry. One of them is the lack of professional marketing and co-ordination amongst nodal ministries adversely affects tourism development. In addition, extent of Political influence in tourism development. Factors viz. physical, socio cultural factors responsible for the growth of tourism. Also the extent tourism workout for the employment potential in the state/district. Many studies have although taken macro view of tourism scenario. Researcher found number of sub themes, which need attention on the magnitude of tourism development, Not a single study probe into the depth of psycho-graphic data of tourists and other stakeholders. Definitely, this paper gives scope to numerous studies that can be probe at micro level. However.for any micro study there has to be back up of generous macro study as well. This review is a generous effort towards it.

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology

surjya chutia

Tourism is a temporary, short term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work their activities during the stay at each destination. It can be defined as the organization and operation of holidays especially, commercially. Tourism is now-a-days considered as an important industry which has vast scope for the generation of income and employment. It is one of the world's fastest growing industries, a major source of foreign exchange earner of a nation and a measure for resolving inter state and inter community conflict. Although the whole north eastern region has tremendous tourism potential, the tourism industry in the area is still miles to go to exploit the proper potentialities. This is mainly due to curse of nature and lack of proper attention of the central government. The state as well as the entire north east region of India has been subjected to century long neglect. Even after 64 years of the country's independence, same kin...

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Status and Scenario of Tourism Industry in India – A Case Study of Uttarakhand Tourism:Inclusive Growth & Sustainable Development, Edition: 1st, Chapter: 56, Publisher: Bharti Publications, Editors: Prof. S.P. Bansal, Prof. Sandeep Kulshreshtha, Dr. Prashant Kumar Gautam

The main objective of the research paper is to examine the status, scenario and growth rate of tourism industry in India and Uttarakhand in particular. The socio economic impact and effect of Himalayan Tsunami on the tourism industry in the state of Uttarakhand has also been covered in the present study. During 2012 the foreign tourist data was just 2.38 million but it augmented three fold in a decade to 6.97 million in 2013 with an average annual growth of 28.78%. At present India’s global ranking in terms of total tourist arrival is 42 and in terms of FEE it got 16th position which means that India is one of the most favoured nations of the world in top 50 tourist countries. India can increase its standing in the list of most favoured nation if it will take care of negative incidents. The Uttarakhand tourism industry also shows the almost same trend as in case of Indian tourism but instead of continuous increase in the total number of tourist arrival it shows decrease in number (2008-2013) because in this hilly state there were so many negative incidents happened like continuous landslides and cloud outburst in rainy season and as it is a tourist dominant state of all the seasons. The total tourist arrival in Uttarakhand is doubled in a decade but if we exclude 2013 then we can observe that it tripled in 2012 but due to Himalayan tsunami the tourism trend in Uttarakhand is badly affected by a negative growth rate of - 28.07%.

International Research Journal Commerce arts science

Tourism as we know is the fastest growing industry across the Globe in the modern times. It not only generates employment opportunities in a particular region or a country but also contributes spontaneously to generate foreign exchange earnings. This paper noted the remarkable growth in International tourist arrivals and international tourism receipts. It is found that the tourism activities were still concentrated in the developed nations of Europe and Americas, and Asia and the Pacific regions. Maturity of the tourism sector in India was indicated by the high tourist arrivals and tourism receipts and the steady growth rates. The remarkable growth rate in tourist arrivals and tourism receipts are attributed to the technological, economic, social, cultural, ecological, institutional and political developments of the post-World War II era. The Tourism Vision and its types outlined in this paper noted a bright future for domestic tourism in the coming years. The Ministry of Tourism designs national policies for the development and promotion of tourism. In the process, the Ministry consults and collaborates with other stakeholders in the sector including various Central Ministries/agencies, state governments, Union Territories and the representatives of the private sector.

Uttam Kumar Sikder

Northeastern India comprises eight states. The tourism in these states based on wildlife, natural beauty, unique flora & fauna, hold shrines, lush green tea gardens, turbulent rivers, vibrant and colorful cultural festivals.. But unfortunately, due attention has not been paid to the socio-economic development of these states either by the Central Government or by the States Government. The apathy of the Government at the central and states is largely responsible for the low level of growth of industrial sector in the state. The natural beauty of these states attracts tourist from all over India and also from abroad. These industries have become important sources of income and employment of most of the people living in the states. While the development of agriculture is constrained by limited cultivated area (the states are mostly covered by with hill), development of heavy industries is not easy, and the development of tourism industries can be given greater importance. In this pape...

IRJET Journal

Tourism is a maximum acceptable human pastime that is able to converting the socio-cultural, financial and environmental face of the World. Tourism is one in all the most important and quickest developing industries with inside the world; it has the capacity to persuade the residing sample of communities. It is one of the maximum critical channels of cultural trade which breaks down the obstacles among humans of various elements of the world. It is the gathering of activities, offerings and industries that supply a tour enjoy such as transportation, accommodation, consuming and drinking, institutions of retail shops, entertainment, commercial enterprise and different hospitality offerings supplied for people or businesses traveling far from home. India is a various Country, with over1.3billion humans following diverse culture, tradition, languages, festivals, faith etc. Equally various are the class of tourism pastime that India gives to her humans in addition to the humans throughout the world. Such range owe in large part to the geographic, climatic and conventional multiplicity visible in India's twenty-9 states and 7 union territories. In India tourism zone changed into taken into consideration as an critical zone handiest after the Independence and authorities has brought diverse schemes and plans for its improvement.The coverage intervention in tourism improvement is pretty apparent.

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A Complete Guide To Tribal Tourism

T he true beauty of India is not found in towns and cities. It belongs to the indigenous people. One of the most remarkable aspects of their culture is their tribal lifestyle, arts, crafts, and architecture. The multiplicity of tribals in India provides a profound insight into the ethnography and anthropology of these mystic tribes, fulfilling your ideological curiosity. Many of these tribes have their own customs, festivals, music, and ways of expressing themselves artistically. Tribal tourism allows visitors to learn about these varied cultures and their traditions. The tribal trips in India are extremely revitalizing and energizing.

Tribal tourism in India is a method to learn about the rich and diverse cultures of the indigenous peoples that reside throughout the country. There are around 600 tribal groups in India, each with its own language, religion, customs, and art forms. Some of India's most prominent tribal tourism locations include:

Odisha: Odisha has the most indigenous communities recognized as Scheduled Tribes of any state, with 62. You can visit the state's colorful weekly markets, historic rock paintings, distinctive tribal festivals, and breathtaking natural beauty. The Bonda, Dongria Kondh, Lanjia Saora, and Kutia Kondh are some of the tribes you may encounter.

Chhattisgarh : Chhattisgarh is home to 42 tribal groups, the majority of which are centred in the Bastar area. You may see amazing tribal art and craft such metal work, terracotta, wood carving, and painting. You can also participate in the lively Dussehra festival, which lasts 75 days and includes many rites and processions. The Gond, Maria, Bhatra, and Muria are some of the tribes you may encounter.

Northeast India - Northeast India is made up of eight states that border China, Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Bhutan. With over 200 tribal communities, it is one of India's most ethnically and culturally varied regions. This region's lush green hills, tea gardens, wildlife reserves, and monasteries can all be explored. You can also experience the tribes' music, dancing, cuisine, and costumes. You can interact with the Naga, Khasi, Mizo, and Garo tribes, among others.

Rajasthan : Rajasthan is famous for its forts, palaces, and deserts, as well as its regal past. However, it also contains a vibrant tribal culture that is frequently missed by tourists. You can tour the tribes' villages where they live in harmony with nature and wildlife. You can also marvel at their unique jewelry, tattoos, embroidery, and pottery. The Bhil, Meena, Garasia, and Rabari are among the tribes visible.

Maharashtra : Maharashtra is one of India's most industrialized and urbanized states. However, it also has a sizable tribal population in the Western Ghats and Vidarbha regions. You can find out about their history, problems, and accomplishments. Folk art forms such as Warli painting and Pinguli puppets can also be appreciated.

Tribal tourism in India is a rewarding experience that allows people to discover the hidden gems of indigenous history. We can secure the preservation of these unique cultures while also having a positive impact on tribal populations by embracing responsible tourism practices.

While meeting tourists' interests and needs is important, it is equally critical to be culturally attentive to native tribes and their surroundings. Development pressures resulting from tribal tourism should be anticipated and kept to a minimum in order to maintain the area's resources and avoid saturation of the destination so that the product and residents are not abused. All tourist plans should include locals, particularly indigenous young, by training and hiring them and encouraging them to engage in and benefit from the tourism industry. Tourists should be educated not only about tribal areas as tourist attractions but also about ways to help preserve native culture while enriching their vacation experience.

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Amit Shah chairs high-level meeting to review flood preparedness as IMD predicts monsoon rains in more states

The home minister has directed the national disaster management authority (ndma) and the ministry of jal shakti to carry out a comprehensive study on the recent floods in sikkim and manipur and submit their findings to the ministry of home affairs (mha)..

During the meeting, the Home Minister also reviewed the action taken on the decisions made in the meeting held last year. Along with this, new technologies being adopted by all the agencies and the expansion of their network for flood management were also discussed during the meeting. 

Shah also reviewed the preparations to deal with the Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF). He also emphasised on optimum use of satellite imagery provided by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) by various agencies for flood and water management.

India’s Disaster management moving forward with ‘Zero Casualty Approach’

The Home Minister said that under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, India’s Disaster management is moving forward with a ‘zero casualty approach’. 

He appealed to all the states and union territories to timely implement the advisories issued by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) for flood management and directed the India Meteorological Department (IMD) and the Central Water Commission (CWC) to complete the process of recalibrating all the equipment used in flood forecast, at the earliest. 

Shah instructed concerned departments to conduct a detailed study of the recent floods in Sikkim and Manipur and submit a report to the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). He also directed to ensure that floodgates of all the major dams are in good condition. Shri Shah said that the flood monitoring centres of the CWC should be in accordance with our requirements and of international standards.

The Home Minister said that the non-perennial rivers are prone to more soil erosion and siltation, resulting in floods. He directed that efforts should be made to upgrade the forecast system of the water level of rivers for better flood management. 

Shah said that natural drainage system should be an integral part of the designs of road construction to deal with inundation of roads, in case of floods. "At least 50 large ponds in the Northeast should be constructed so that the water of the Brahmaputra River could be diverted and stored in those ponds. This will help in developing agriculture, irrigation and tourism in those areas at a low cost and also help in tackling the floods, and, it will eventually benefit the local economy," he added.

Shah on  incidents of forest fire

Shah instructed the NDMA and the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) to take appropriate precautionary measures to prevent incidents of forest fire. For this, he tressed the need to regularly create fire lines, remove dry leaves and conduct mock drills from time to time with local residents and forest personnel. Along with this, he also asked to analyse the incidents of repeated forest fires at the same place. The Home Minister also asked the NDMA to prepare a detailed manual to deal with incidents of forest fires.

He directed that the IMD’s alerts regarding lightning strikes should be disseminated to the public on time through SMS, TV, FM radio and other mediums. He emphasised on the need to integrate weather, rainfall and flood warning-related apps developed by various departments so that their benefits could reach the targeted population. Shah directed that since the community is the first responder at the time of any disaster including flood, therefore, there should be coordination and integration in the community awareness programs being run by various agencies so that they can have maximum impact.

Every year, extensive regions of Bihar, Assam, and other eastern states face flooding due to rising water levels in various rivers caused by monsoon rains. Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and a few other states also experience landslides and other rain-related problems during the monsoon season. Additionally, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Jammu and Kashmir have encountered floods in recent years.

Also Read: Rain lashes parts of Delhi-NCR, people get respite from heatwave

Also Read: IMD predicts monsoon rains across THESE states in north India | Know details

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How to livestream on Instagram exclusively for your ‘Close Friends’ list? Steps to follow

iPhone 16 leak reveals major expected design of the camera, shutter button and more

iOS 18 Beta 2 arriving tomorrow with iPhone Mirroring and enhanced SharePlay: All you need to know

How to make calls when your smartphone is out of network area?

Redmi 14C 5G, successor to the Redmi 13C 5G expected to launch in India: Details

What is Adaptive Thermal? How will it act as protective 'shield' for smartphones | Explained

UGC-NET 2024: Why did Education Ministry cancel the exam? Explained

How Kavach anti-collision system could have prevented Kanchanjunga Express accident | Explained

How have India-Italy relations strengthened under PM Modi, Giorgia Meloni? Explained

What is NEET UG 2024 Results controversy and why is the matter in Supreme Court? | Explained

Horoscope Today, June 24: Pisces to gain monetary benefits; know about other zodiac signs

Weekly Horoscope (June 24-June 30): New possibilities in love for Aries; know about other zodiac sig

Horoscope Today, June 23: Gemini to receive good news; know about other zodiac signs

Horoscope Today, June 22: Aries will get relief from health-related problems

Horoscope Today, June 21: Taurus might travel abroad for important work

Canara Bank's X account hacked, username changed to 'ether.fi'

Will petrol, diesel come under GST? | Here's what FM Sitharaman said in GST council meeting | VIDEO

Sitharaman's big announcements in GST Council meet: From hostels to platform tickets | Key takeaways

CNG price in Delhi NCR, adjoining cities hiked by Rs 1 per kg | Check new rates

Nirmala Sitharaman holds pre-budget consultation meeting with finance ministers of state, UT

Ultra-processed food, sedentary lifestyle risk cancers in Indians under 40, reveal doctors

Eating handful of makhana daily will make bones stronger; know other health benefits

What is Arthritis? Know how treatment differs between young and old patients

Managing gestational diabetes early in pregnancy could prevent complications: Study

Tooth loss and chronic renal disease may be related in postmenopausal women: Study