travel of a t shirt in the global economy

The Travels of A T-Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist Examines the Markets, Power, and Politics of World Trade

Pietra rivoli.

258 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2005

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The Travels of a T–Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist Examines the Markets, Power, and Politics of World Trade Hardcover – Import, 15 April 2005

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"Engrossing . . . (Rivoli) goes wherever the T–shirt goes, and there are surprises around every corner . . . full of memorable characters and vivid scenes." Time

"An engaging and illuminating saga. . . . Rivoli follows her T–shirt along its route, but that is like saying that Melville follows his whale. . . . Her nuanced and fair–minded approach is all the more powerful for eschewing the pretense of ideological absolutism, and her telescopic look through a single industry has all the makings of an economics classic." The New York Times

"Rarely is a business book so well written that one would gladly stay up all night to finish it. Pietra Rivoli′s The Travels of a T–Shirt in the Global Economy is just such a page–turner." CIO magazine

"Succeeds admirably . . . T–shirts may not have changed the world, but their story is a useful account of how free trade and protectionism certainly have." Financial Times

"[A] fascinating exploration of the history, economics, and politics of world trade . . . The Travels of a T–Shirt in the Global Economy is a thought–provoking yarn that exhibits the ugly, the bad, and the good of globalization, and points to the unintended positive consequences of the clash between proponents and opponents of free trade." Star–Telegram (Fort Worth)

"Part travelogue, part history, and part economics, The Travels of a T–Shirt in the Global Economy is ALL storytelling, and in the grand style. A must–read." Peter J. Dougherty, Senior Economics Editor, Princeton University Press author of Who′s Afraid of Adam Smith?

"A readable and evenhanded treatment of the complexities of free trade . . . As Rivoli repeatedly makes clear, there is absolutely nothing free about free trade except the slogan." San Francisco Chronicle

• Print length 272 pages
• Language English
• Publisher John Wiley & Sons
• Publication date 15 April 2005
• Dimensions 15.88 x 2.54 x 23.5 cm
• ISBN-10 9780471648499
• ISBN-13 978-0471648499
• See all details

Product description

a fine account of how the countervailing forces of the market and protectionism conflict in combining in a single product ( Financial Times , 30 July 2005)

"Rarely is a business book so well written that one would gladly stay up all night to finish it..." ( CIO: Chief Information Officer Magazine , June 15, 2005)

"Globalization is a hot–button topic that generates strong feelings along with images of boarded–up, independent businesses in America and exploitative sweatshops overseas. But what exactly is it? In The Travels of a T–Shirt in the Global Economy , Georgetown University business professor Pietra Rivoli chronicles the round–the–world odyssey of a T–shirt, from Texas cotton–growers to an African used–clothing bazaar, to reveal how the planetary economy really works. Along the way, we see how entrepreneurial U.S. farmers team with government–sponsored researchers––and take advantage of subsidies and trade barriers––to dominate world cotton production. Migrant workers from Chinese family farms tell why they regard low–wage jobs in Shanghai sewing factories as golden opportunities. And only in that African used–clothing bazaar do we encounter a truly free market where entrepreneurs––perhaps including some future tycoons of the 21st century––utterly rely on pure business skills and instinct. Whether you feel hurt or helped by globalization, you′ll certainly understand it better after reading this fascinating account." ( Entrepreneur Magazine , May 2005

"...full of memorable characters and vivid scenes..." [and that] "Rivoli excels at making connections." ( Time Magazine, March 28, 2005)

"T–shirts may not have changed the world; but this story is a useful account of how free trade and protection certainly have." ( Financial Times )

" The Travels of a T–Shirt in the Global Economy is an excellent piece of work – a thorough, lucid and (best of all) honest examination of how politics and economics intertwine in the real world." ( The Philadelphia Inquirer )

Engrossing .(Rivoli) goes wherever the t–shirt goes and there are surprises around every corner full of memorable characters and vivid scenes ( TIME )

"Her nuanced and fair–minded approach is all the more powerful for eschewing the pretense of ideological absolutism, and her telescopic look through a single industry has all the makings of an economics classic." ( New York Times )

Succeeds admirably T–shirts may not have changed the world, but this story is a useful account of how free trade and protectionism certainly have. ( Financial Times )

a fascinating exploration of the history, economics and politics of world trade The Travels of a T–Shirt is a thought–provoking yarn that exhibits the ugly, the bad and the good of globalization, and points to the unintended positive consequences of the clash between the proponents and opponents of free trade. ( Dallas–Fort Worth Star–Telegram )

a readable and evenhanded treatment of the complexities of world trade As Rivoli repeatedly makes clear, there is absolutely nothing free about free trade except the slogan. ( San Francisco Chronicle )

From the Inside Flap

As Rivoli spoke with businesspeople around the world who played a part in her T–shirt′s life, she was forced to confront her own assumptions about the political, economic, and ethical effects of globalization. Trained as a classical economist, Rivoli expected the story of her T–shirt to reveal the undeniable benefits of global free trade and the misguided ideas of the anti–globalization movement. Instead, she found that "free markets" usually aren′t free; that even the staunchest allies of free trade regularly benefit from its restriction; and that the alleged "victims" of globalization are often its greatest beneficiaries. While the globalization debate remains centered on the perils versus the promise of competitive economic markets, Rivoli finds that the life story of her T–shirt turns as much on power and politics as it does on markets.

The Travels of a T–Shirt in the Global Economy uses a simple T–shirt to reveal the politics and the human side of the globalization debate. Within the fabric of every product are fascinating

businesses, good and bad politics, revealing histories, and especially the hopes and dreams of real people. These people′s stories and the story of the T–shirt that ties them together present the most nuanced look yet at the economics and politics of globalization.

From the Back Cover

"Pietra Rivoli has accomplished the nearly impossible. The Travels of a T–Shirt in the Global Economy bursts with life and color, humor and drama. At the same time, it is solidly grounded in theory, fact, and a nuanced insight into political economy." Charles S. Pearson, Director and Professor of International EconomicsThe Johns Hopkins University, author of United States Trade Policy: A Work in Progress

"Part travelogue, part history, and part economics, The Travels of a T–Shirt in the Global Economy is ALL storytelling, and in the grand style. Globalization critics who read this book will understand why it is impossible to lift countries out of poverty without the power of free markets, while policymakers will learn the equally bracing lesson that economic progress for the wealthiest of nations means nothing without the democratic political institutions that uplift the poorest of nations. A must–read." Peter J. Dougherty, Senior Economics Editor, Princeton University Press, author of Who′s Afraid of Adam Smith?

"Professor Rivoli puts a human face on a subject that is often described as arcane and something only worthy of study by policy wonks. She captures the politics, personalities, and policy considerations that shape U.S. trade policy and vividly describes how special interests influence who wins and who loses from global competition." Former Ambassador Ronald J. Sorini, President, Trade Negotiations and Legislative AffairsSandler, Travis & Rosenberg, P.A.

"This book is unlike any text in International Economics 101. It′s totally entertaining and without those dreadful equations. The Travels of a T–Shirt in the Global Economy tells the drama of globalization through real people and their daily lives. Rivoli recounts the trials of winners and losers on three continents. From a fascinating journey, she distills economic and political lessons that just make good sense." Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Reginald Jones Senior FellowInstitute for International Economics, Washington, D.C.

"Rivoli weaves together the stories of individuals, companies, and countries in the textiles and apparel industries to reveal a globalization that is empowering as well as entangling, and more surprising than we ever imagined." H. Richard Friman, Eliot Fitch Professor of International Studies, Marquette University author of Patchwork Protectionism

About the Author

Product details.

• ASIN ‏ : ‎ 0471648493
• Publisher ‏ : ‎ John Wiley & Sons (15 April 2005)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 272 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 9780471648499
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0471648499
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 462 g
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 15.88 x 2.54 x 23.5 cm
• Country of Origin ‏ : ‎ USA

About the author

Pietra rivoli.

A famous author once said, "If there is a book you want to read and no one has written it then you must write it." I have come to think that the best books are those that the authors themselves wanted to read. Many people ranging from fellow professors to students have asked for my advice about writing a book, and that is always my answer: Write the book you want to read!

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The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist Examines the Markets, Power, and Politics of World Trade

Pietra Rivoli is an associate professor at Georgetown University and specializes in international business, finance, and social issues in business at the McDonough School of Business. She became fascinated by the life of a humble T-shirt after listening to comments at a Georgetown protest in 1999 about the "nameless, faceless" person who made her shirt—or any shirt—and what that person's workday and living conditions were like. Rivoli's result is intended to be a story about globalization, not a book that advocates for or against globalization, although economic and political issues are unavoidable.

The T-shirt she describes was purchased at a Walgreen's in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Rivoli examines the entire creation process from the growing of cotton in Lubbock, Texas, to its journey to a factory in Shanghai where it was spun into yarn, knit into cloth, cut up, and sewn into a shirt. The shirt returns to the United States to the manufacturing plant whose name appears on the label that is screen printed onto the shirt. Then the shirt is tossed into a tension-filled market where consumers must decide if they will purchase products that say "Fabrique en Chine."

Even after the T-shirt is purchased at a retail outlet, its journey doesn't end. Rivoli goes on to describe the global trade in cast-off T-shirts. While we may be familiar with local nonprofit organizations and resale shops, there are others probably less known to most of us which buy used clothing by the pound and create a second life for it by shipping it to other countries, especially in Africa. Even shirts too worn out to be used as clothing gain a second life as cleaning rags, or they can be re-spun into low-grade yarn and turned into new clothing again. The market for recycled clothing is growing, and perhaps it is only a matter of time before China will mark the beginning and end of a T-shirt's life.

Throughout the journey of this T-shirt, Rivoli weaves in discussions of relevant issues such as the development of the cotton industry in the United States, the history of labor laws and labor rights activism, tariffs, import limits, outsourcing, and entrepreneurship. The book is engaging and even includes a few unexpected photos that help the reader gain more understanding of globalization as it really happens to a product so familiar to us all.— Cynthia D. Churchwell

The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy

Pietra Rivoli talked about her book, The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist Examines the Markets, Power, and Politics … read more

Pietra Rivoli talked about her book, The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist Examines the Markets, Power, and Politics of World Trade , published by John Wiley and Sons. She explained globalization through the story of a t-shirt’s lifespan, from harvesting the cotton in Texas through that shirt’s manufacture in China to its eventual sale as a new product in the U.S. and as used clothing in Africa. She also covered trade policies, economics, and politics in the U.S., China and Africa. She showed slides of her travels and later answered questions from audience members.

Professor Rivoli ’s book is the “Class of 2010 Book.” It was chosen to form an intellectual focal point for the freshman class of Bentley College . close

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The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist Examines the Markets, Power, and Politics of World Trade Hardcover – September 22, 2006

There is a newer edition of this item:.

"A readable and evenhanded treatment of the complexities of free trade . . . As Rivoli repeatedly makes clear, there is absolutely nothing free about free trade except the slogan." —San Francisco Chronicle

• Print length 272 pages
• Language English
• Publisher Wiley
• Publication date September 22, 2006
• Dimensions 6.44 x 0.99 x 8.98 inches
• ISBN-10 0470118040
• ISBN-13 978-0470118047
• See all details

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Editorial Reviews

From the inside flap.

The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy uses a simple T-shirt to reveal the politics and the human side of the globalization debate. Within the fabric of every product are fascinating businesses, good and bad politics, revealing histories, and especially the hopes and dreams of real people. These people's stories—and the story of the T-shirt that ties them together—present the most nuanced look yet at the economics and politics of globalization.

About the Author

Product details.

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Wiley; First Edition (September 22, 2006)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 272 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0470118040
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0470118047
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 15.9 ounces
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.44 x 0.99 x 8.98 inches
• #1,145 in Exports & Imports Economics
• #1,689 in Global Marketing (Books)
• #7,140 in International Economics (Books)

About the author

Pietra rivoli.

A famous author once said, "If there is a book you want to read and no one has written it then you must write it." I have come to think that the best books are those that the authors themselves wanted to read. Many people ranging from fellow professors to students have asked for my advice about writing a book, and that is always my answer: Write the book you want to read!

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Textile recycling and buying secondhand can keep fabric waste and used clothes out of landfills. | iStock/undrey

A bit of retail therapy can feel like harmless fun. Yet getting a great deal on a new shirt or pair of shoes may come with a hidden price tag: greenhouse gas emissions, resource depletion, and the mistreatment of workers and animals. The average cotton T-shirt, for example, requires about 700 gallons of water to make. A fast-fashion polyester top is made from petroleum, sheds microfibers, and may spend decades decomposing in a landfill.

And the apparel industry’s footprint has been expanding. Global fiber production has more than doubled since 2000, and consumers are buying more clothes as fast-fashion brands churn out inexpensive looks. To mitigate the environmental and social issues associated with the apparel industry, companies and consumers alike must shift toward sustainability, says Barchi Gillai , the associate director of the Value Chain Innovation Initiative (VCII) at Stanford Graduate School of Business. “It’s a responsibility that all of us share,” she says.

In a new white paper , Gillai and her colleagues examine the production processes behind three essential everyday materials: polyester, cotton, and leather. Coauthored by Hau Lee , VCII’s faculty codirector and a professor emeritus of operations, information, and technology; Jessica Landzberg , MBA ’23; and Nina Sabharwal , MBA ’23, the paper explores each material’s unique impacts and details potential solutions.

Polyester is a durable, lightweight material composed of fibers made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is derived from fossil fuels. The production of polyester and other synthetic fibers requires large amounts of energy, accounting for about 1.35% of global oil consumption. This results in greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming. Possible solutions to these problems include switching to renewable energy and substituting virgin polyester with alternative materials such as biosynthetics and fibers that utilize carbon dioxide waste.

The cotton supply chain starts on a farm instead of a factory, but it also has a unique set of environmental impacts. Cotton cultivation often involves a variety of pesticides that can cause serious health issues in farm workers and contaminate freshwater systems, soil, and animal habitats. Cotton also consumes large amounts of water. To address these issues, cotton growers can implement non-chemical methods of pest control such as crop rotation and conserve water through drip irrigation.

Leather production has also grown over the past three decades. One of the primary concerns surrounding leather goods is animal cruelty. To ensure ethical sourcing of raw hides, brands can utilize certification programs that verify the humane treatment of farm animals. However, acquiring raw materials is only the first step in leather production. Transforming these raw hides into wearable fabrics requires several chemical-heavy processes, many of them relying on toxic materials. Moreover, 30%-45% of the toxic chromium used in the tanning process is not absorbed in the leather, and can potentially contaminate the environment when it is discarded. Finally, as much as 75% of the leather that enters the production process of leather goods does not end up in the finished product. Rather, these scraps and leftovers will likely be sent to landfills or incinerated.

Slowing down fast fashion

A garment’s impact continues even after it has been sold. Used garments often wind up in landfills or incinerators, wasting potentially valuable and non-renewable resources, and releasing greenhouse gases as they decay. The paper offers a range of strategies that clothing brands can adopt to increase the lifespans of garments and improve their reusability and recyclability. For instance, high-quality garments with timeless designs may be enjoyed for many years. Switching to single-material composition can make fabrics easier to recycle. And garments made from 100% natural materials are more suitable for composting.

Unfortunately, some of the available solutions that address a problem in one part of a product’s life cycle might lead to unwanted consequences later on. For example, while producing polyester from recycled PET uses less oil, fabrics made from these materials tend to release more microfibers into the environment. “We’ve seen quite a few of those solutions that are helpful in one respect, but also have some drawbacks to them,” Gillai says. “It’s therefore important to figure out the total environmental impact of any solution we consider implementing.” The paper recommends that manufacturers use life-cycle assessments to help them choose solutions that offer the most positive impact throughout a garment’s lifespan.

While some companies have taken steps in the right direction, the apparel industry as a whole is showing no signs of becoming more sustainable. This is largely due to the popularity of “fast fashion”: low-quality garments with frequently-changing designs that are mass produced for little cost and viewed by consumers as almost disposable. The rise of fast fashion has fueled a surge in garment production, leading to an increase in textile waste.

The paper encourages companies to find new ways to generate revenue without producing more garments. One option is to start garment collection or buyback programs in conjunction with opening secondhand stores where consumers can purchase pre-owned items at a discount. “Slowing down the rate of production doesn’t have to come at the expense of profitability,” Gillai says.

Gillai also highlights the importance of textile-to-textile recycling. “Such closed-loop, garment-to-garment recycling solutions not only keep textile waste out of landfills, but also reduce the amount of resources that we use to make clothes, as well as the pollution associated with these production processes.”

While much of the paper describes how companies can practice sustainability, it ends with a discussion of the important role played by consumers. “To achieve meaningful results it is crucial for consumers to take a part in this effort,” Gillai says. “Try to donate items that are still wearable. Consider buying secondhand clothes. And think of renting items needed for a special occasion,” she advises. “If we embrace the need for change and if our shopping habits reflect this understanding, then we can help drive change in this industry.”

2024 Elections

The Rematch

The Trump and Biden Economies by the Numbers

Approaching the November presidential rematch between incumbent President Joe Biden, a Democrat, and his predecessor Donald Trump, a Republican, the two candidates are already drawing distinctions over their economic records. And there are surely fundamental differences between them.

But any broad comparison is complicated by the huge disruptions at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, which triggered two of the most extreme quarters of economic contraction and growth in U.S. history, followed by a bout of inflation reminiscent of the 1970s.

Should Trump be blamed for a collapse in output that rivaled the Great Depression? Should Biden get credit for millions of jobs created in 2021 that were largely a pandemic rebound? Below, a look at key measures of economic performance - from growth overall to the labor market, from tariffs to tax collections - that illustrate the contrasts and similarities between the economies under both.

Drawing of robots working in factory

Overall Growth

The broadest measure of an economy’s performance is annualized growth in gross domestic product, a figure that counts every widget produced, every meal served, and every dollar spent by the government to measure changes to the country’s overall output.

There are reasonable debates about what it really means and how it is distributed, but GDP is one of the main economic scorecards: Generally speaking, the faster it grows, the healthier the economy. As with many of the broader statistics, what may be more interesting is how similar the Trump and Biden economies look.

Quarterly growth during Trump’s first three years, up to the pandemic, and Biden’s term beginning in 2021, compounded at an almost identical rate that annualizes to around 2.7%. Excluding Biden’s first year, arguably still influenced by the pandemic, it was a slower 2.3%.

The Biden economy rode a pandemic-era consumer spending boom; Trump’s economy saw slightly larger average contributions from business investment.

Chart showing change in gross domestic product and consumer spending and private business investment as a share of GDP

Trump made tax cuts a centerpiece of his administration. Biden pushed through some modest tax increases and has proposed even more aggressive actions. Yet federal government collections have been mushrooming in spite of Trump’s tax reductions and beyond the tax increases under the current administration.

Even after adjusting for inflation federal tax collections have been rising.

Against expectations, the pandemic era became one of fast wage hikes and high corporate profits, linked at least to some degree to federal household and business support programs, as well as to high inflation. Tax receipts followed.

Chart showing tax receipts

Chart showing receipts on personal and corporate income tax

The flipside to GDP is Gross Domestic Income , an estimate of what people and companies earn in return for inventing, producing and selling all those widgets and services. How it should get distributed is a perennial debate in U.S. politics.

Trump may have stocked his cabinet with Wall Street allies and boasted of tax cuts for business, but companies took a larger share of GDI under Biden; the share for workers stayed fairly constant.

drawing of shoppers at shopping mall

Prices and Products

As the health crisis eased, what had been a broad focus on keeping families and businesses financially intact shifted to the emerging problem of inflation , which spiked to levels not seen since the 1980s. Republicans and Democrats will spar mightily over the reasons, and over the significance of its decline alongside U.S. Federal Reserve rate hikes.

Just as many economists agree the pandemic response skirted a potential economic catastrophe – a huge benefit – inflation to some degree represented the follow-on cost.

Prices increased fast for basic goods, posing a particular hardship for lower-income families.

Chart showing overall inflation and inflation for food and shelter

It may take years to understand how the pandemic changed the economy, but it was a volatile time for both good and bad reasons. On the downside, inflation erupted, seen as a combination of snarled supply chains and record federal deficit spending that began under Trump and continued under Biden, fuelling consumer demand.

On the plus side: Business starts jumped and were sustained through Biden’s term. At first it was considered a response to the health crisis, motivated by people wanting more control of their environment and their earnings. But the change has persisted to the point some economists see a revival of entrepreneurialism.

Chart showing new business starts

Worried about a depression-style collapse, Congress approved trillions of dollars in payments to households, pumping up bank accounts with disposable income that consumers used freely first to buy goods and then later on “revenge” spending on services like eating out and travel that were unavailable during the pandemic. Over time inflation caught up and eroded some of that purchasing power.

Chart showing disposable income

One policy both Trump and Biden shared is the use of tariffs to curb U.S. trade with China, whether on a broad basis or applied to targeted goods, in the case of Biden, like electric vehicles. Alongside a broader rearrangement of global trade following the pandemic and the Russian war against Ukraine, the tariffs have lowered China’s direct share of U.S. imports. Mexico is now at the top.

Chart showing US trade with Mexico and China

Drawing of construction workers on a construction site

The Landscape for Workers

One thing the Trump and Biden economies shared is a strong labor market. The jobless rate was 3.6% at the end of 2019, before the pandemic; it has gone as low as 3.4% under Biden and until May had been below 4% for more than two years.

Regardless of who’s in the White House, and whether it is for demographic or other reasons, the U.S. seems to have slipped into a period of sustained demand for workers, with a pandemic rebound that surprised even the most seasoned economists.

Chart of unemployment rate including black and white unemployment rate

Filling jobs requires bodies, and for years after the 2007 to 2009 recession economists felt the U.S. labor force was forever scarred. There are demographic limits in an aging population. But economists are realizing that strong job markets, if they last long enough, do pull workers from the sidelines and into employment.

One key difference: Rising immigration under Biden allowed job growth to continue at a higher level than it might have otherwise, absent higher wages.

Chart showing labor force and native and non-native US workers

Wage pressure was a key feature of the pandemic economy, with its “Great Resignation” of workers. Amid a shuffling of occupations and tales of labor shortages, the strongest wage gains went to the lowest paid occupations.

Chart showing wage growth include the top and bottom 20 percent of earners

The U.S. economy is a big ship that’s hard to turn, but presidential decisions do matter. Biden ramped up antitrust enforcement, for example. Trump’s administration thought tax cuts would boost private investment, and economists feel it did at least in the short term. Biden, by contrast, has steered public investments to what are seen as strategic industries and infrastructure.

But counter to their positioning as polar opposites, they’ve both embraced big deficits, overseen historically low unemployment rates, imposed tariffs on Chinese goods, and seen stock markets hit record highs on their watch.

drawing of squirrel and dog

Monthly data current through May 2024; Disposable Income as of April 2024; Quarterly figures through Q1 2024; Wages as of March 2024

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Census Bureau; U.S. Treasury Department, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta

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Thrift shopping at Goodwill can help combat climate change

Fast fashion produces 20% of wastewater globally.

Sarah Acosta , Anchor/Reporter

SAN ANTONIO – Did you know it takes 2,100 gallons of water just to make one pair of jeans? And that it takes 700 gallons of water to make one cotton T-shirt?

According to research by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, textile manufacturing produces more emissions than all international flights and shipping combined and is responsible for more than 20% of wastewater produced globally.

“Hyper-consumerism and fast fashion, you think about the implications that it has on our environment, right?” Libby Castillo, with Goodwill San Antonio said. “Not only, those items are not made very well, but then they go into landfills quicker, but they’re made with a lot of water, a lot of maybe toxic chemicals that end up in our resources.”

More items in the landfills means more greenhouse gases released, which contributes to global warming and climate change.

It’s why thrifting and shopping gently-used doesn’t just save you money, it’s also saving the planet.

“I think a lot of people are shopping a little bit differently nowadays,” Castillo said. “So they’re shopping eco-conscious and budget conscious. And you can get do both here at Goodwill.”

Additional statistics:

• Goodwill recovered 4.3 billion across the globe in 2023
• In San Antonio’s 24 goodwill stores, 1 million items were donated.
• In 2023, Goodwill repurposed 22.7 million items globally.
• Within San Antonio Goodwill’s, 1.3 million pounds of hazardous electronic equipment was responsibly recycled.

“We are a nonprofit, I think a lot of people might forget that,” Castillo said. “So when you shop here, your purchases go towards supporting our community by providing good jobs, career training and employment placement services.”

You can do your part by donating gently used items to your nearest Goodwill donation station and by shopping at your local Goodwill store .

Copyright 2024 by KSAT - All rights reserved.

About the Author

Sarah acosta.

Sarah Acosta is a weekend Good Morning San Antonio anchor and a general assignments reporter at KSAT12. She joined the news team in April 2018 as a morning reporter for GMSA and is a native South Texan.

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Stock market today: Asian shares are mostly higher after Wall Street hits more records

Yuri Kageyama

Associated Press

Copyright 2024 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

A passerby walks past an electronic stock board showing Japan's Nikkei 225 index at a securities firm Thursday, July 4, 2024 in Tokyo. (AP Photo/Shuji Kajiyama)

TOKYO – Shares were mostly higher in Asia on Thursday after Wall Street’s record-breaking rally powered on.

Shares fell in Chinese markets but rose in the rest of the region. U.S. futures were nearly unchanged and oil prices fell.

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On Wednesday, U.S. stocks kept rising in a holiday-shortened session after weak reports on the economy kept the door open for possible cuts to interest rates.

U.S. markets will be closed Thursday for the Independence Day holiday.

Investors worldwide are keen to see the Federal Reserve cut rates that it has been keeping at two-decade highs to slow growth and tame inflation.

In Tokyo, the Nikkei 225 gained 0.6% to 40,815.95, with buying of automakers' shares and other export oriented stocks kept the benchmark near 35-year highs.

Toyota Motor Corp. was up 1.3% and computer testing equipment maker Advantest Corp. gained 2.4%.

Hong Kong's Hang Seng recovered from early losses, edging up 0.1% to 17,988.25, and the Shanghai Composite index shed 0.4% to 2,969.45.

Taiwan's Taiex jumped 1.2% as chip maker and market heavyweight Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp. gained 2.7%.

In Australia, the S&P/ASX 200 surged 1% to 7,815.80, while the Kospi in Seoul advanced 0.7% to 2,813.54.

Bangkok's SET jumped 1%.

On Wednesday, the S&P 500 rose 0.5% to set an all-time high for a second straight day and for the 33rd time this year. It closed at 5,537.02.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average dipped 0.1% to 39,308.00, and the Nasdaq composite gained 0.9% to 18,188.30.

Tesla again helped boost the market and rose 6.5% a day after reporting a milder drop in sales for the spring than analysts feared. It was one of the strongest forces pushing upward on the S&P 500, along with Nvidia . The darling of Wall Street’s rush into artificial-intelligence technology climbed 4.6% to bring the chip company’s gain for the year so far to 159%.

The action was stronger in the bond market, where Treasury yields slid following a flurry of reports that came in weaker than expected on both the job market and U.S. services companies. The data could keep the Federal Reserve on course to deliver the cuts to interest rates later this year that Wall Street desires.

One report said activity for businesses in the real estate, retail trade and other U.S. services industries contracted in June for just the third time in 49 months, weaker than economists’ forecasts. Perhaps more importantly for Wall Street, the report from the Institute Supply Management also said prices were increasing at a slower pace.

That followed reports from earlier in the morning showing a slowing job market.

The hope on Wall Street is that the economy will soften by just enough to keep a lid on upward pressure on inflation , but not so much that it throws workers out of their jobs and triggers a recession.

A much more anticipated report will arrive on Friday, when the U.S. government will give its comprehensive update about how many workers employers added to their payrolls during June.

The yield on the 10-year Treasury dropped to 4.35% from 4.44% late Tuesday, a notable move for the bond market, and much of the slide came after the report on U.S. services businesses. It’s been generally sinking since April on hopes that inflation is slowing enough to get the Federal Reserve to lower its main interest rate from the highest level in more than two decades.

In other dealings, U.S. benchmark crude oil gave up 56 cents to $83.32 per barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange.

Brent crude, the international standard, lost 51 cents to $86.83 per barrel.

The U.S. dollar fell to 161.50 Japanese yen, reflecting expectations that U.S. interest rate cuts might narrow the gap in rates with Japan, where the benchmark lending rate is near zero.

The euro was unchanged at $1.0787.

AP Business Writer Stan Choe contributed.

Copyright 2024 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission.

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40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 01 Jun 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development .

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy , with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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Moscow Oblast, Russia

The capital city of Moskovskaya oblast: Moscow .

Moscow Oblast - Overview

Moscow Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in the Central Federal District. Moscow, the capital city of the country, is the administrative center of Moscow Oblast. At the same time, Moscow is not part of this region, it is a separate federal subject of Russia, a city of federal importance.

The population of Moscow Oblast is about 7,769,000 (2022), the area - 44,379 sq. km.

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Moskovskaya oblast coat of arms.

Moskovskaya oblast map, Russia

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History of Moscow Oblast

The territory of the Moscow region was inhabited more than 20 thousand years ago. In the first millennium AD, this land was inhabited mostly by the Finno-Ugric peoples (Meryane and Meshchera). In the 9th-10th centuries, the Slavs began active development of the region. The population was engaged in hunting, fisheries, agriculture, and cattle breeding.

In the middle of the 12th century, the territory of the present Moscow region became part of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, the first towns were founded (Volokolamsk in 1135, Moscow in 1147, Zvenigorod in 1152, Dmitrov in 1154). In the first half of the 13th century, the Vladimir-Suzdal principality was conquered by the Mongols.

In the 14th-16th centuries, Moscow principality became the center of unification of Russian lands. The history of the Moscow region is inextricably linked to military events of the Time of Troubles - the siege of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery by the troops of False Dmitry II, the first and second militias.

More historical facts…

In 1708, by decree of Peter the Great, Moskovskaya gubernia (province) was established. It included most of the territory of present Moscow oblast. In 1712, St. Petersburg became the capital of the Russian Empire and the significance of the Moscow region as the country’s economic center began to decrease.

In 1812, the Battle of Borodino took place near Moscow. It was the biggest battle of the Russian-French War of 1812. In the second half of the 19th century, especially after the peasant reform of 1861, the Moscow province experienced economic growth. In 1851, the first railway connected Moscow and St. Petersburg; in 1862 - Nizhny Novgorod.

The population of the Moscow region increased significantly (in 1847 - 1.13 million people, in 1905 - 2.65 million). On the eve of the First World War, Moscow was a city with a population of more than one million people.

In November, 1917, the Soviet power was established in the region. In 1918, the country’s capital was moved from St. Petersburg to Moscow that contributed to economic recovery of the province. In the 1920s-1930s, a lot of churches located near Moscow were closed, a large number of cultural monuments were destroyed. On January 14, 1929, Moscow Oblast was formed.

In 1941-1942, one of the most important battles of the Second World War took place on the territory of the region - the Battle for Moscow. In the postwar years, the growth of economic potential of the region continued; several science cities were founded (Dubna, Troitsk, Pushchino, Chernogolovka).

In the 1990s, the economy of Moscow Oblast experienced a deep crisis. Since the 1990s, due to the motorization of the population and commuting, road traffic situation in the Moscow region significantly deteriorated. Traffic jams have become commonplace.

Pictures of Moscow Oblast

Moscow Oblast scenery

Author: Mikhail Grizly

At the airport in the Moscow region

Author: Evgeny Davydov

Nature of Moscow Oblast

Author: Alexander Khmelkov

Moscow Oblast - Features

Moscow Oblast is located in the central part of the East European Plain, in the basin of the rivers of Volga, Oka, Klyazma, Moskva. The region stretches from north to south for 310 km, from west to east - 340 km. It was named after the city of Moscow, which however is not part of the region. Part of the administrative authorities of the region is located in Krasnogorsk.

On the territory of the Moscow region, there are 77 cities and towns, 19 of them have a population of more than 100 thousand people. The largest cities are Balashikha (518,300), Podolsk (309,600), Mytishchi (262,700), Khimky (256,300), Korolyov (225,300), Lubertsy (209,600), Krasnogorsk (174,900), Elektrostal (149,000), Odintsovo (138,900), Kolomna (136,800), Domodedovo (136,100).

The climate is temperate continental. Summers are warm, winters are moderately cold. The average temperature in January is minus 10 degrees Celsius, in July - plus 19 degrees Celsius.

One of the most important features of the local economy is its proximity to Moscow. Some of the cities (Odintsovo, Krasnogorsk, Mytishchi) have become in fact the “sleeping districts” of Moscow. The region is in second place in terms of industrial production among the regions of Russia (after Moscow).

The leading industries are food processing, engineering, chemical, metallurgy, construction. Moscow oblast has one of the largest in Russia scientific and technological complexes. Handicrafts are well developed (Gzhel ceramics, Zhostov trays, Fedoskino lacquered miniatures, toy-making).

Moscow railway hub is the largest in Russia (11 radial directions, 2,700 km of railways, the density of railways is the highest in Russia). There are two large international airports - Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo. Vnukovo airport is used for the flights within the country.

Attractions of Moscow Oblast

Moscow Oblast has more than 6,400 objects of cultural heritage:

• famous estate complexes,
• ancient towns with architectural monuments (Vereya, Volokolamsk, Dmitrov, Zaraysk, Zvenigorod, Istra, Kolomna, Sergiev Posad, Serpukhov),
• churches and monasteries-museums (the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, Joseph-Volokolamsk monastery, Pokrovsky Khotkov monastery, Savvino Storozhevsky monastery, Nikolo Ugresha monastery).

The most famous estate complexes:

• Arkhangelskoye - a large museum with a rich collection of Western European and Russian art of the 17th-19th centuries,
• Abramtsevo - a literary and artistic center,
• Melikhovo - an estate owned by A.P. Chekhov at the end of the 19th century,
• Zakharovo and Bolshiye Vyazyomy included in the History and Literature Museum-Reserve of Alexander Pushkin,
• House-Museum of the composer P.I. Tchaikovsky in Klin,
• Muranovo that belonged to the poet F.I. Tyutchev,
• Shakhmatovo - the estate of the poet Alexander Blok.

The architectural ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The largest museum of the Moscow region is located in Serpukhov - Serpukhov Historical and Art Museum.

The places of traditional arts and crafts are the basis of the souvenir industry of Russia:

• Fedoskino - lacquer miniature painting,
• Bogorodskoe - traditional manufacture of wooden toys,
• Gzhel - unique tradition of creating ceramics,
• Zhostovo - painted metal crafts,
• Pavlovsky Posad - fabrics with traditional printed pattern.

Some of these settlements have museums dedicated to traditional crafts (for example, a toy museum in Bogorodskoe), as well as centers of learning arts and crafts.

Moskovskaya oblast of Russia photos

Landscapes of moscow oblast.

Nature of the Moscow region

Country road in the Moscow region

Moscow Oblast landscape

Author: Mikhail Kurtsev

Moscow Oblast views

Author: Asedach Alexander

Country life in Moscow Oblast

Author: Andrey Zakharov

Church in Moscow Oblast

Author: Groshev Dmitrii

Churches of Moscow Oblast

Church in the Moscow region

Cathedral in Moscow Oblast

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Americans swat away high fuel prices and gear up for record July 4 travels

Record 71 million people are expected to travel on upcoming long weekend, a growth trajectory similar to pre-pandemic.

High fuel costs and the threat of a hurricane are not expected to dampen Americans’ desire to hit the road, with vacationers preparing for record travel to kick off Fourth of July holiday festivities.

Motorist group AAA expects a record of almost 71 million people to travel around the United States Independence Day holiday, growth similar to a pre-pandemic trajectory.

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Some 60 million people will drive with nearly 6 million flying to their destinations, while approximately 4.6 million people will take buses, trains or cruises during the holiday period, according to AAA’s forecast.

“We’ve never seen numbers like this,” AAA spokesperson Andrew Gross said, “2024’s travel seems to be what 2020 would have been, had it not been for the pandemic.”

Travel during the summer months in the US will be closely watched from multiple fronts this year, as it could offer central bank officials and policymakers an important measure of consumer sentiment in an election year.

Inflation was unchanged in May even as consumer spending rose, boosting hopes that the US Federal Reserve might be able to control inflation while avoiding a recession.

Petrol prices have eased over the past few months, with the national average price for a gallon of motor fuel at $3.50 ($0.92 a litre) on Tuesday, a three-cent decline from last year. Domestic airfare is 2 percent cheaper than last year, with an average domestic round trip costing $800, according to AAA booking data.

‘Wanting to travel’

Despite recent declines, fuel prices remain well above historical levels. The average price for a gallon of petrol was $2.74 ($0.72 a litre) during the July Fourth week in 2019, and the weekly average price from 2015 through 2019 was less than $2.50 a gallon (0.66 a litre), according to US Energy Information Administration data.

Still, vacationers’ travel plans are largely unaffected by higher prices this year, according to a  survey of more than 1,000 people  by auto retail group American Trucks.

Four-week average US petrol demand hit a one-year high of 9.2 million barrels per day (bpd) last week as retailers stockpiled before the holiday, EIA data showed on Wednesday. Four-week average jet fuel demand was at 1.7 million bpd, identical to a seven-month high hit earlier in June.

“What we have noticed is that it’s more about the rate of change than the price itself that affects the psyche of consumers,” said John LaForge, head of real asset strategy at Wells Fargo Investment Institute.

Since the price of petrol has not moved dramatically higher or lower in the past six months, consumer psyche is largely unaffected by it, LaForge said.

For now, US vacation travel is unlikely to be affected by Hurricane Beryl, which has brought devastation to some Caribbean Islands since Monday, but is expected to weaken considerably as it reaches Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula by Thursday night.

US fuel inventories are also better stocked than they have been in recent years, providing motorists a buffer from sudden price shocks in case the hurricane disrupts refining operations.

“Americans are optimistic and wanting to travel, there’s no denying it,” GasBuddy analyst Patrick De Haan said.

The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist Examines the Markets, Power, and Politics of World Trade. New Preface and Epilogue with Updates on Economic Issues and Main Characters, 2nd Edition by Pietra Rivoli

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13 Where T-Shirts Go After the Salvation Army Bin Japan, Tanzania, and the Rag Factory

Meet me in the parking lot.

In the wealthy and normally well-mannered Washington suburb of Bethesda, Maryland, the competition is heating up. 1 It is Saturday morning, and soccer moms are in a race to throw things away. First in line is a Lexus SUV, followed by a Town and Country minivan, and then a Lincoln Navigator. The first three vehicles alone cost well over $100,000, which would buy about one-tenth of a house in much of the surrounding neighborhood. The Salvation Army truck sits outside the Sumner Place Shopping Center, but the truck has only so much room, so it pays to be early and to be tough. The wait to dispose of last year's stuff is longer than the wait to buy more stuff inside the shopping center, and often, by 10:00 A.M., the van is full and the weaker competitors are turned away until the next week. Mostly, the moms are giving away clothing—large Hefty bags stuffed to bursting with perfectly fine clothing that someone is tired of. Some of the moms admit that later in the afternoon they would be headed to the mall to buy more stuff, and that next year they would likely be unloading that as well. A few of the moms express an altruistic motive for lining up behind the van, and all say that they will use the tax deduction. More than anything, though, the moms are here because they need to clean out their closets to make room for new stuff.

T-shirts? Yes, they agree, lots of ...

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