travel insurance tax benefit

Tax deductions for travel expenses.

Have questions on formation, banking and taxes?

Schedule a FREE consultation with a formation and compliance expert today 📞

The ability to deduct travel expenses from tax is often an overlooked perk that can significantly reduce your taxable income and turn costly trips into smart financial maneuvers. However, navigating the maze of tax rules surrounding these deductions can be difficult to understand.

In this article, we’ll delve into the intricacies of what qualifies as travel expenses and unravel how you can turn your business ventures into valuable tax-saving opportunities.

What Are Travel Expenses in Taxation?

In business taxation, travel expenses refer to costs you incur when traveling away from your primary work location for business reasons. This includes expenses like airfare, mileage for using your personal vehicle, hotel stays, and meals.

These are the costs you have to pay during business trips that last longer than a regular workday. It’s worth noting that these expenses must be both common in your industry and important for your business activities to be considered valid for tax purposes.

Can You Deduct Your Travel Expenses?

In short, yes, you can deduct your travel expenses. These deductions apply when the expenses are both “ordinary” and “necessary” for your business. This includes costs like airfare, lodging, and meals during business trips. However, it’s crucial to understand the specific criteria these expenses must meet to qualify for deductions.

Allowable Tax Deductions for Travel Expenses

Having established that you can deduct travel expenses, it’s important to look at what exactly you can deduct from your taxes. In the next section, we’ll break down the types of travel expenses that the IRS considers deductible.

Airfare is a deductible expense when traveling for business purposes. This includes flights to and from your business destination. It’s important to note that if you extend your trip for personal reasons, only the portion of airfare directly related to business activities is deductible.

2. Vehicle Expenses

When using your personal vehicle for business travel, you can deduct expenses using either the standard mileage rate or actual expenses like gas, oil changes, and maintenance. The standard mileage rate is simpler, but actual expenses might yield a higher deduction if you have significant costs.

Hotel or motel costs incurred while on business travel are deductible. This only covers the nights necessary for the business aspect of your trip. Any additional nights for personal enjoyment are not deductible.

Meal expenses during business travel are partially deductible — typically, you can deduct 50% of the cost. This includes meals alone or with business associates, as long as the meal has a clear business purpose.

5. Baggage and Shipping

Costs for baggage and shipping related to business travel, like transporting display materials to a conference, are deductible. This also includes fees for checking bags on a flight.

6. Dry Cleaning and Laundry

If your business trip lasts longer than one day, you can deduct expenses for dry cleaning and laundry. These costs are often overlooked but are legitimate deductions as they are necessary for maintaining a professional appearance during business engagements.

7. Tips and Gratuity

Tips you pay for services related to any of the above expenses, like tipping a hotel bellhop or a taxi driver, are also deductible. These small expenses can add up, so it’s important to keep track of them during your travels.

For more ideas on tax write-offs, check out our blog on 30 creative tax deductions you should know .

Travel Expenses that You Cannot Claim as Tax Deductions

While there are numerous travel expenses that qualify for tax deductions, it’s equally important to recognize those that do not. In the following section, we’ll outline specific travel expenses that are not eligible for deduction under IRS rules.

1. Personal Vacation Expenses

Expenses incurred during personal vacation time, even if it’s part of a trip that includes business activities, are not deductible. For example, if you extend a business trip for personal leisure, additional lodging and meal costs related to the vacation portion cannot be claimed.

2. Commuting Costs

Costs related to commuting between your home and your regular place of work are not deductible as travel expenses. This includes daily transportation costs, regardless of whether you are using public transport or a personal vehicle. These expenses are considered personal commuting costs and are not eligible for tax deduction.

3. Family or Companion Travel Costs

If you bring family members or companions on a business trip, their travel costs are not deductible, unless they are employees and the travel is for a bona fide business purpose.

4. Luxury or Excessive Expenses

Extravagant or lavish expenses that are not necessary for conducting business are not deductible. This includes luxury accommodations or first-class air travel that goes beyond what is reasonable and necessary for business purposes.

5. Non-Business Activities or Entertainment

Expenses for non-business activities or entertainment during a business trip are not deductible. This includes sightseeing tours, golf outings, or other leisure activities that do not have a clear business purpose.

6. Fines and Penalties

Any fines or penalties incurred while on a business trip, such as traffic tickets or parking fines, are not deductible. The IRS does not allow deductions for expenses that arise from illegal activities or breaches of law, including minor infractions like speeding tickets.

Understanding the Importance of Recordkeeping

Transitioning from what you can and cannot deduct, it is important to emphasize the importance of careful record keeping. Proper documentation of travel expenses is not only a good business practice, but also a necessity for tax purposes. The IRS requires detailed records to substantiate all deductions claimed.

This means you must keep receipts, logs of business activities, dates, locations, and the purpose of each expense. Accurate records not only confirm your deductions in the event of a tax audit but also help you monitor your business expenses and budget more effectively.

Essentially, accurate record-keeping is the backbone of expense reporting. It ensures compliance with tax laws and can protect you from potential disputes or penalties from the IRS, ensuring the financial integrity of your business.

How to Claim Write-Offs for Travel Expenses on Your Tax Return?

The next step is to learn how to claim these travel expenses as write-offs on your tax return. This procedure ensures that you receive the rightful deductions and thus contributes to a more accurate and favorable tax result . Here’s a step-by-step guide:

Determine Eligibility

First, confirm that your travel expenses are indeed business-related and meet the criteria of being ordinary and necessary. Ensure you’re not including any non-deductible expenses like personal activities or luxury expenditures.

Gather Documentation

Collect all relevant receipts, logs, and records related to your travel expenses. This includes airfare, accommodation, meals, and other allowable expenses. The more organized and detailed your records, the easier the claiming process.

Fill Out the Appropriate Tax Forms

For self-employed individuals, these expenses are typically reported on Schedule C of the IRS Form 1040 . If you’re an employee, consult current tax laws, as recent changes may affect how you claim these deductions.

Calculate Deductions

Calculate the total amount of your travel expenses based on your records. Remember to apply the 50% limit for meal expenses and choose between the standard mileage rate or actual car expenses if you use your personal vehicle.

Report on Tax Return

Enter the total amount of your deductible travel expenses in the appropriate section of your tax form. Make sure the information is accurate, as discrepancies can lead to audits or penalties.

Keep Records Post-Filing

Do not throw away your documents after submitting your tax return. The tax office can review previous tax returns, usually up to three years after they were submitted.

Consider Professional Advice

If you are unsure about accounting for travel expenses, a tax advisor can provide you with clarity and certainty. They can also help you maximize your deductions while ensuring compliance with tax laws.

Entrepreneur’s Guide to Travel Expenses and Tax Deductions

Traveling for your business ventures is a clear sign that you are advancing in your career. But it’s not always easy to keep track, or fully understand the complicated tax jargon to get the most out of your tax return.

At doola, we understand the complexity of managing business finances. Our expert bookkeeping services streamline your financial records, ensuring accuracy and compliance. Let us handle the nuances of tax deductions so you can focus on growing your business.

Are business insurance premiums tax deductible?

Yes, business insurance premiums are tax-deductible. This includes insurance for general liability, property, and professional liability, as these are considered necessary and ordinary business expenses.

Can I deduct the cost of hiring employees for my startup?

Absolutely! Costs associated with hiring employees, including wages, benefits, and recruitment expenses, are tax-deductible as they are essential operational expenses for your startup.

Are expenses for inventory and raw materials tax deductible for a startup?

Yes, expenses for inventory and raw materials are deductible for a startup. These costs are part of the cost of goods sold and are essential for providing the products or services your business offers.

Can I deduct the cost of business meals and entertainment?

You can deduct 50% of qualifying business meal expenses, provided they are not lavish or extravagant and have a business purpose. However, entertainment expenses are generally not deductible under current tax law.

Are expenses for business-related subscriptions and memberships tax deductible?

Yes, expenses for business-related subscriptions and memberships, like trade journals or professional organizations, are tax-deductible as long as they are relevant to your business and can be considered ordinary and necessary expenses.

Free e-book

How to form a US LLC in 5 minutes

A beginner-friendly guide on the basics of LLCs. Learn about formation, banking, and taxes.

Schedule a FREE consultation with a US CPA today 📞

Keep reading

Start your dream business and keep it 100% compliant

Turn your dream idea into your dream business.

A beginner-friendly guide on the basics of LLCs. Learn about formation, banking, and taxes. Get ready to turn your dream idea into your dream US business.

Cookie consent

By continuing to browse this website, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. Learn more.

How to Reduce Your Taxes with Travel Insurance

Are you among the many Canadians that travel each year?

‍ If so, travel insurance should be a key element in your preparations. It's essential because it provides coverage in the event of an unforeseen accident or illness outside of your home province. But are you aware that it can also give you a tax advantage?

Although it's not a deduction that directly reduces your taxable income, travel insurance premiums related to medical expenses can give you a significant tax credit.

Understanding the tax credit for medical expenses

When it comes to your taxes and travel insurance, it's crucial to understand that it's actually a medical expense tax credit, not a direct deduction from taxable income. Here's what you need to know to take advantage:

For snowbirds and occasional traveler

Whether you travel frequently or sporadically, the medical portion of your travel insurance premiums qualifies as a medical expense tax credit. This credit can reduce your income tax liability.

Travelling Soon?

Save up to 25% on your travel insurance

The portion of your travel insurance that covers medical expenses may be considered an eligible medical expense by Revenu Québec and the Canada Revenue Agency. This means that a portion of the costs you incur for this insurance may allow you to claim a tax credit when you file your income tax return.

Evaluating eligible amount

It's essential to take a close look at your travel insurance policy to determine the portion of costs that relate to medical care. This is the portion that can be converted into a tax credit.

Remember that other benefits, such as trip cancellation, trip interruption, accidental death and dismemberment, and baggage insurance, are not eligible for the medical expense tax credit.

Document your expenses

While protection in the event of a medical emergency is the primary reason for purchasing travel insurance, it's comforting to know that you can also benefit from a tax credit. So, before you leave on your next trip, make sure you find out about the tax benefits of your travel insurance, and keep your receipts to show your accountant or tax advisor.

For more information on eligible medical expenses and tax credits, visit the Revenu Québec and Canada Revenue Agency websites.

Get your travel insurance quote here!

How to Avoid Tourist Traps and Vacation Scams While Travelling

Travelling is meant to be an adventure filled with cultural discoveries and unforgettable moments, not a series of costly mishaps.

How to Secure Travel Insurance for Your Child's Backpacking Trip Abroad

If you're a parent, you certainly understand the pride of seeing your children spread their wings and set off to explore the world!

Day Trip to the US: Do You Need Travel Insurance?

Thinking of a spontaneous jaunt to the States, but wondering if it's worth grabbing travel insurance for just a day?

Ready To Save On Your Travel Insurance!

We’re ready to help right now! Get a quote and travel with confidence

Search Search Please fill out this field.

1. Self-Employment Tax Deduction

2. home office deduction.

3. Internet/Phone Bills Deduction
4. Health Insurance Deduction

5. Meals Deduction

6. travel deduction, 7. vehicle use deduction, 8. interest deduction, 9. dues and publications deduction, 10. education deduction, 11. business insurance deduction, 12. startup costs deduction, 13. advertising deduction.

15. Retirement Plan Deduction

15. Office Supplies Deduction

16. qualified business income (qbi) deduction, what deduction can i claim without receipts, the bottom line.

Deductions & Credits
Tax Deductions

16 Self-Employed Tax Deductions and Benefits

Your home office, car, insurance, retirement savings, and even your education bills could get you a tax break

Amy Fontinelle has more than 15 years of experience covering personal finance, corporate finance and investing.

Lea Uradu, J.D. is a Maryland State Registered Tax Preparer, State Certified Notary Public, Certified VITA Tax Preparer, IRS Annual Filing Season Program Participant, and Tax Writer.

Understanding Small Business Taxes: A Comprehensive Guide
Tax Implications of Different Business Structures
Accounting for Small Businesses: A Comprehensive Guide to Financial Management
Tax Benefits of Being an LLC
Self-Employment Tax: Definition, How It Works, and How to File
Self-Employed Contributions Act (SECA) Tax: Overview and FAQs
Is Now the Time to Restructure Your Business?
Writing off the Expenses of Starting Your Own Business
5 Tax Breaks Overlooked by Small Business Owners
5 Ways for Small Business Owners to Reduce Their Taxable Income
Top 10 Home Business Tax Tips
Write-Offs and Write-Downs: The Main Differences
How to Make Estimated Tax Payments
Small Business Tax Obligations: Payroll Taxes
7 Ways to Avoid Self-Employed Tax Penalties
Best Tax Software Programs for Small Business
16 Tax Deductions and Benefits for the Self-Employed CURRENT ARTICLE
The Small Business Health Care Tax Credit
Business Tax Credits: Meaning, How They Work, Example
7 Insurance-Based Tax Deductions You May Be Missing
Indian Employment Credit (IEC): What It is, How It Works

Self-employed people have extra costs that they have to bear as they do business. But there are numerous deductions that can soften the blow when tax season comes around.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA introduced new deductions, like the qualified business income (QBI) deduction (see number 16, below), but it also eliminated or changed others, including the entertainment and fringe benefit deduction, the local lobbying expenses deduction, and the domestic production activities deduction . However, key provisions of the TCJA are set to expire at the end of 2025: the standard deduction and income tax rates are set to return to pre-TCJA levels, and the cap on the state and local tax (SALT) deduction will be lifted.

Here are 16 current tax deductions for self-employed individuals.

Key Takeaways

Reviewing what you can deduct each year is important to make your business as profitable as possible if you're self-employed.
You can calculate a deduction for a home office and a vehicle used for business purposes.
Meals with clients and business travel are deductible, but meals included with entertainment may not be.
Premiums for insurance that you pay for to protect your business and health insurance are legitimate deductions. And don’t forget startup, advertising, and retirement plan costs.

SEP Account

The self-employment tax refers to the Social Security and Medicare taxes that self-employed people like freelancers , independent contractors , sole proprietors , and small business owners must pay. These taxes help fund Social Security and Medicare. The self-employment tax rate is 15.3% on net earnings (12.4% for Social Security and 2.9% for Medicare). Employers and employees share these taxes, each paying 7.65%. People who are fully self-employed and therefore subject to self-employment tax have to pay for both parts themselves.

Where does the deduction come in? The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) treats the employer portion of the self-employment tax as a business expense and allows you to deduct it accordingly.

Investopedia’s Tax Savings Guide can help you maximize your tax credits, deductions, and savings.

How to Use It

You can deduct half of your self-employment tax from your net income when you’re calculating your income tax. So, if your self-employment tax amounts to $3,500 for the year, for instance, at tax time $1,750 would be deductible on your Form 1040 . Keep in mind that this doesn’t reduce the net earnings from self-employment or the self-employment tax itself.

What Else to Know

If your income is above a certain threshold, there's an additional 0.9% Medicare tax that you have to pay. The income thresholds for 2024 are:

Married filing jointly – $250,000
Married filing separately – $125,000
Single – $200,000
Head of household (with qualifying dependent) – $200,000
Qualifying widow(er) with dependent child – $200,000

The income thresholds for the additional Medicare tax apply to your combined wages, compensation, and self-employment income. So, for example, you’d have to pay the additional Medicare tax of 0.9% on the $10,000 by which your joint income exceeds the $250,000 threshold if you have $100,000 in self-employment income and your spouse has $160,000 in employee wages .

The home office deduction is one of the more complex tax breaks. The cost of any workspace that is part of your home and that you use regularly and exclusively for your business, whether you rent or own it, can be deducted as a home office expense.

The expenses you can deduct for your home office include the business percentage of rent, deductible mortgage interest, utilities, homeowners insurance, and repairs you pay for during the year. Fifteen percent of your annual electricity bill becomes tax deductible if your home office occupies 15% of your home.

You have two choices for calculating your home office deduction: the regular method or the simplified option. You don’t have to use the same method every year.

With the regular method, your tax deduction is based on the percentage of your home that your office occupies. You can deduct direct business expenses in full. Then divide your office’s square footage by your home’s square footage and multiply the resulting percentage by the amount you spent on allowable house expenses to get a bigger deduction.

The simplified option is a quicker method that lets you multiply an IRS-determined rate by your home office's square footage. You basically multiply your office’s total square feet by $5. Up to 300 square feet can be calculated, so the maximum amount you can claim for a deduction is $1,500. With this option, you cannot deduct depreciation or home-related itemized deductions .

Calculate the deduction using both the regular and simplified methods to determine which will give you the greater benefit. If you choose the regular method, you'll need to outline your deductions on IRS Form 8829, Expenses for Business Use of Your Home.

You are basically on the honor system, but you should be prepared to defend your deduction in the event of an IRS audit . One way to do this is to prepare a diagram of your workspace with accurate measurements that uses its square footage in the calculation.

You can deduct the amount that you pay to rent an office space that's not in your own home. You can also deduct amounts paid for any equipment that you rent. The expense of having to pay a fee to cancel a business lease is also deductible.

3. Internet and Phone Bills Deduction

Here's another tax write-off: You can deduct the business portion of your phone and internet expenses. These expenses shouldn't be included as a cost of using your home for business, but deducted separately on the appropriate form or schedule.

The key is to deduct only the expenses that are directly related to your business. For example, you could deduct the internet-related costs of running a website for your business. Or the business use percentage of your cell phone bill. But you shouldn’t deduct your entire monthly bill, including both personal and business use, if you have just one phone line.

According to the IRS, you can’t deduct the cost of basic local telephone service (including any taxes) for the first telephone line you have in your home, even if you have an office in your home. However, you can deduct 100% of the additional cost of long distance business calls or the cost of a second phone line dedicated solely to your business.

4. Health Insurance Premiums Deduction

If you’re self-employed, you pay for your health insurance premiums , and you’re not eligible to participate in a plan through your spouse’s employer, you can deduct all your health, dental, and qualified long-term care (LTC) insurance premiums.

This is not an itemized deduction; instead, it's an adjustment to income. That means you don't have to itemize to claim it. Calculate the deduction using the Self-Employed Health Insurance Deduction Worksheet in IRS Publication 535 .

Another tax break: You can also deduct premiums you paid to provide coverage for your spouse, your dependents, and your children younger than age 27 at year’s end, even if they aren’t dependents on your tax return.

A meal is a tax-deductible business expense when you are traveling for business, at a business conference, or entertaining a client, although entertainment expenses per se are generally not tax deductible.

The meal can’t be extravagant under the circumstances. When traveling, you can either deduct 50% of the meal’s actual cost, if you kept your receipts , or 50% of the standard meal allowance, if you kept records of the time, place, and business purpose of your travel but not your actual meal receipts. Unfortunately, that desk lunch is not tax deductible.

The standard meal allowance is the federal meals and incidental expenses (M&IE) rate, updated every fiscal year effective Oct. 1. The rate and M&IE breakdown by location can be found on the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) website. Meals can’t be deducted if they’re not separately identified on the receipt.

Business travel must last longer than an ordinary workday, require sleep or rest, and take place away from the general area of your tax home (usually outside the city where your business is located) to qualify as a tax deduction. You should have a specific business purpose planned before you leave home, and you must engage in business activities while you’re on the road, such as finding new customers, meeting with clients, or learning new skills directly related to your business.

Deductible travel expenses include the cost of transportation to and from your destination (such as plane fare), transportation at your destination (such as car rental, Uber fare, or subway tickets), lodging, and meals. Keep complete and accurate records and receipts for your business travel expenses and activities because this deduction often draws scrutiny from the IRS.

You can’t deduct lavish expenses, but you don’t have to choose the cheapest options available.

Handing out business cards during a family vacation does not make your trip tax deductible.

Your expenses are tax deductible when you use your car for business. However, make sure to keep detailed records of each trip’s date, mileage, and purpose. Don’t try to claim personal car trips as business trips.

You can calculate your deduction using either the standard mileage rate determined annually by the IRS or your actual expenses. The standard mileage rate is $0.67 per mile for 2024. Using the standard mileage rate is easiest because it requires minimal record-keeping and calculation. Just write down the business miles and the dates when you drive them, then multiply your total annual business miles by the standard mileage rate.

To use the actual expense method for this tax break, you must calculate the percentage of driving you did for business all year and the total cost of operating your car, including depreciation, gas, oil changes, registration fees, repairs, and car insurance. For example, your deduction would be $300 if you spent $3,000 on car operating expenses and used your car for business purposes 10% of the time.

You must use the standard mileage rate method on a car you own in the first year when the vehicle is available for use in your business. After that, you can use either the standard mileage rate or actual expenses in later years.

Interest on a business loan from a bank is a tax-deductible business expense. Credit card interest isn’t deductible when you incur it for personal purchases, but it’s deductible when the interest applies to business purchases.

The business portion of the loan’s interest expense is allocated based on the allocation of the loan’s proceeds if the loan is used for both business and personal purposes. Track the disbursement of funds for various uses if the entire loan isn’t used for business-related activities. Separate out business-related credit card purchases that carry interest.

If you don't have a business credit card, you generally can still deduct qualifying interest charges on business expenses paid for with a personal credit card.

The cost of specialized magazines, journals, and books directly related to your business is tax deductible as supplies and materials, as are dues or fees for certain professional membership organizations.

A daily newspaper wouldn’t be specific enough to be considered a business expense for most businesses, but a subscription to Nation’s Restaurant News would be deductible if you’re a restaurant owner. Nathan Myhrvold’s $625 Modernist Cuisine boxed set would be a legitimate book purchase for a self-employed, high-end personal chef.

As for membership dues or fees, you can’t deduct them for belonging to clubs “organized for business, pleasure, recreation, or any other social purpose.” Examples include “country clubs, golf and athletic clubs, hotel clubs, sporting clubs, airline clubs, and clubs operated to provide meals under circumstances generally considered to be conducive to business discussions.” Still, the IRS does make exceptions for groups that it considers to not exist for entertainment purposes, such as:

Boards of trade
Business leagues
Chambers of commerce
Civic or public service organizations
Professional organizations, such as bar associations and medical associations
Real estate boards
Trade associations

If the usefulness of supplies and materials extends substantially beyond the year, you must generally recover their costs through depreciation .

Any education expenses you want to deduct must be related to maintaining or improving your skills for your existing business. The cost of classes to prepare for a new line of work isn’t deductible. Taking a course called “Real Estate Investment Analysis” to brush up on your skills would be tax deductible if you’re a real estate consultant, but a class on teaching yoga would not.

The things that are deductible include tuition, books, lab fees, supplies, and transportation to and from classes, but again, only if they are required to build the skills you need in your present work. The cost of taking classes to change your line of work won't qualify for this deduction.

If your classes don't qualify for the continuing education deduction, check out the lifetime learning credit or the American opportunity tax credit .

You can deduct your premiums for insurance to protect your business , such as fire insurance, credit insurance, car insurance on a business vehicle, or business liability insurance .

Line 15 on Schedule C is for "Insurance (other than health)." Publication 334 from the IRS lists the different types of business insurance for which it allows the premiums to be deducted, including liability, business interruption insurance, and group hospitalization and medical insurance for employees, as well as eight more.

Some people don’t like paying insurance premiums because they perceive them to be a waste of money if they never have to file a claim. The business insurance tax break can help justify the expense.

The IRS usually requires that you treat major expenses as capital expenses that have to be deducted over time rather than all at once. However, you can deduct up to $5,000 in business startup costs in the first year of active trade or business.

For this tax write-off, startup costs include market research and travel-related expenses for starting your business, scoping out potential business locations, advertising, attorney fees, and accountant fees. You can also deduct up to $5,000 more in organizational costs, such as state filing fees and legal fees if you set up a corporation or LLC for your business. The $5,000 deduction is reduced by the amount that your total startup cost exceeds $50,000.

Professional fees to consultants, attorneys, and accountants are also deductible at any time, even if they aren’t startup costs. Business expenses such as buying equipment or vehicles aren’t considered startup costs, but they can be depreciated or amortized as capital expenditures .

If you pay for Facebook or Google ads, billboards, TV commercials, or mail fliers, the costs that you incur to advertise your business are tax deductible.

You can also deduct the cost of an ad that encourages people to donate to charity while also putting the name of your business before the public in the hope of gaining customers. So a sign advertising “Holiday Toy Drive Sponsored by Robert’s Hot Dogs” would be tax deductible.

Generally speaking, you're not allowed to deduct lobbying expenses. Nor can you deduct advertising in a publication if the proceeds from it are for, or intended for, the use of a political candidate or political party.

14. Retirement Plan Contributions Deduction

The deduction for self-employed retirement plan contributions is an incredibly worthwhile tax break. Contributions to simplified employee pension individual retirement accounts ( SEP-IRAs ), savings incentive match plans for employees (SIMPLE) IRAs, and solo 401(k)s reduce your tax bill now and help you rack up tax-deferred investment gains for later.

You could feasibly contribute as much as $23,000 in deferred salary for the 2024 tax year . You can make catch-up contributions of $7,500 for a total of $30,500 if you're age 50 or older.

Your total maximum contributions to a self-employed 401(k) can’t exceed $69,000 for 2024, not counting catch-up contributions of $7,500 for both employee and employer contribution categories.

Contribution limits vary by plan type, and the IRS adjusts the maximums annually. Of course, you can’t contribute more than you earn, and this benefit will only help you if your business leaves you enough profits to take advantage of it.

You can deduct the cost of business supplies and materials that have been “consumed and used during the tax year.”

Mundane items such as copy paper, postage, paper clips, and pens can all be deducted. The IRS also allows deductions for books, professional instruments, and equipment, as long as they’re used within the year. If an item’s use extends beyond one year, you must generally recover its cost through depreciation.

You may still deduct the cost of certain supplies that you keep on hand on a regular basis from year to year if:

You don’t keep a record of when they are used.
You don’t take an inventory of the amount on hand at the beginning and end of the tax year.
This method doesn’t distort your income.

The qualified business income (QBI) deduction, introduced in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, allows eligible self-employed people and small businesses to deduct a portion of their income from their taxes. The deduction is for "pass-through" income, which is business income that you report on your personal tax return. QBI is the net amount of qualified items of income, gain, deduction, and loss from a qualified trade or business.

Eligible owners of sole proprietorships , partnerships, S corporations, and certain limited liability companies (LLCs) can deduct up to 20% of their QBI from their taxes. If your total taxable income (which is your adjusted gross income (AGI) minus allowable itemized or standard deductions) in 2024 is at or below $191,950 for single filers and $383,900 for joint filers, you may qualify for the full 20% deduction on your taxable business income. If your income is above the limit, you may still be able to claim the pass-through deduction, depending on the specific nature of your business.

The qualified business income deduction is available whether you itemize deductions on Schedule A or take the standard deduction. However, it is set to expire on Dec. 31, 2025.

The standard deduction is a fixed amount that can be claimed by individuals and married couples, is deducted from their taxable income, and doesn't require any receipts. But if you are itemizing deductions, one deduction you can claim without receipts is for home office expenses. You simply multiply the IRS-determined rate of $5 by your home office's square footage up to 300 square feet, so the maximum amount you can deduct is $1,500.

Similarly, if you itemize and you use a vehicle for business, you can calculate your deduction using the standard mileage rate determined annually by the IRS ($0.67 per mile for 2024). Simply keep track of your business miles and the dates when you drove them, and at the end of the year, total them up and multiply the result by the standard mileage rate to determine your deduction.

I Rent My Home. Do I Qualify for the Home Office Deduction?

Yes, you can qualify for the home office expense deduction if you meet all business use requirements. A renter can use the simplified or actual expense method based on the percentage of the home that’s dedicated to business use.

Is a C Corporation Eligible for the Qualified Business Income Deduction?

No. According to the IRS: “income earned through a C corporation or by providing services as an employee is not eligible for the deduction.” A C corporation files Form 1120, U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return and is not eligible for the deduction.

You also can’t deduct any portion of wages paid to you by an employer that is reported on a Form W-2 , Wage and Tax Statement. Independent contractors and pass-through businesses are eligible for the deduction. They report their percentage of business income on a Schedule C , Profit or Loss From Business that accompanies Form 1040, U.S. Individual Tax Return.

Which Method Is Better for My Business Vehicle: Standard Mileage or Actual Expense?

It depends on the vehicle-related expenses that you’ve incurred during the year. It may be more beneficial to use the actual expense method if you’ve spent significant money on maintenance (oil changes, brake pad replacements, new tires), car inspections, and registration.

There are more deductions available than those that are listed here, but these are some of the biggest ones. Credit card processing fees, tax preparation fees, and repairs and maintenance for business property and equipment are also deductible. Other business expenses can be depreciated or amortized . You can deduct a small amount of the cost each year over several years.

Ask yourself, “Is this an ordinary and necessary expense in my line of work?” if you’re ever unsure whether a cost is a legitimate business expense. This is the same question the IRS will ask when examining your deductions if you’re audited. Don’t take the deduction if the answer is no. Seek professional help with your business tax return from a certified public accountant (CPA) or other credentialed tax preparer if you’re unsure.

Joint Committee on Taxation. " List of Expiring Federal Tax Provisions 2016-2027 ." Pages 15 and 16.

Congressional Research Service. “ Reference Table: Expiring Provisions in the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (TCJA, P.L. 115-97) .” Pages 2, 5, and 11.

Internal Revenue Service. " Self-Employment Tax (Social Security and Medicare Taxes) ."

Social Security Administration. “ If You Are Self-Employed .”

Internal Revenue Service. " Topic No. 554, Self-Employment Tax ."

Internal Revenue Service. “ Questions and Answers for the Additional Medicare Tax .”

Internal Revenue Service. " Topic No. 509, Business Use of Home ."

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 587, Business Use of Your Home (Including Use by Daycare Providers) ." Pages 7 to 9.

Internal Revenue Service. “ About Form 8829, Expenses for Business Use of Your Home .”

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ," Pages 11-13.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ." Page 48.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 587 (2023), Business Use of Your Home ."

Internal Revenue Service. " Topic No. 502 Medical and Dental Expenses ."

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 463, Travel, Gift, and Car Expenses ," Pages 10, 15.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 463, Travel, Gift, and Car Expenses ," Pages 5-6.

U.S. General Services Administration. " Per Diem Rates ."

U.S. General Services Administration. " Frequently Asked Questions, Per Diem ," Select "Do I Need to Provide Receipts?"

Internal Revenue Service. " Topic No. 511, Business Travel Expenses ."

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 463, Travel, Gift, and Car Expenses ." Pages 3, 5.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 463, Travel, Gift, and Car Expenses ," Page 7.

Internal Revenue Service. " Standard Mileage Rates ."

Internal Revenue Service. " Topic No. 510, Business Use of Car ."

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ," Pages 13-15.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ," Pages 32, 47, 49-50.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ," Page 47.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ," Page 50.

Internal Revenue Service. “ Topic No. 513, Work-Related Education Expenses .”

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 334: Tax Guide for Small Business (For Individuals Who Use Schedule C) ," Pages 33-34.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ," Page 27.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ," Pages 27, 30.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ." Pages 3, 5, 48.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ," Page 46.

Internal Revenue Service. " Small Business Advertising and Marketing Costs May Be Tax Deductible ."

Internal Revenue Service. " Retirement Plans for Self-Employed People ."

Internal Revenue Service. " 401(k) Limit Increases to $23,000 for 2024, IRA Limit Rises to $7,000 ."

Internal Revenue Service. " 2024 Limitations Adjusted as Provided in Section 415(d), etc. ," Page 1.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ," Pages 49 and 50.

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ." Page 50.

Internal Revenue Service. “ Qualified Business Income Deduction .”

Internal Revenue Service. " Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Provision 11011 Section 199A - Qualified Business Income Deduction FAQs ."

Congressional Research Service Report. " R46402: The Section 199A Deduction: How It Works and Illustrative Examples. "

Internal Revenue Service. " Simplified Option for Home Office Deduction ."

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ," Page 11.

Internal Revenue Service. " Forming a Corporation ."

Internal Revenue Service. " Publication 535, Business Expenses ," Pages 5, 29, 47-48.

Terms of Service
Editorial Policy
Privacy Policy
Your Privacy Choices

Do you ever owe taxes on insurance benefits?

Advertiser disclosure.

We are an independent, advertising-supported comparison service. Our goal is to help you make smarter financial decisions by providing you with interactive tools and financial calculators, publishing original and objective content, by enabling you to conduct research and compare information for free - so that you can make financial decisions with confidence.

Bankrate has partnerships with issuers including, but not limited to, American Express, Bank of America, Capital One, Chase, Citi and Discover.

How We Make Money

The offers that appear on this site are from companies that compensate us. This compensation may impact how and where products appear on this site, including, for example, the order in which they may appear within the listing categories, except where prohibited by law for our mortgage, home equity and other home lending products. But this compensation does not influence the information we publish, or the reviews that you see on this site. We do not include the universe of companies or financial offers that may be available to you.

Share this article on Facebook Facebook
Share this article on Twitter Twitter
Share this article on LinkedIn Linkedin
Share this article via email Email

Middle-aged man reading financial document © bikeriderlondon/Shutterstock.com

The Bankrate promise

At Bankrate we strive to help you make smarter financial decisions. While we adhere to strict editorial integrity , this post may contain references to products from our partners. Here's an explanation for how we make money .

Founded in 1976, Bankrate has a long track record of helping people make smart financial choices. We’ve maintained this reputation for over four decades by demystifying the financial decision-making process and giving people confidence in which actions to take next.

Bankrate follows a strict editorial policy , so you can trust that we’re putting your interests first. All of our content is authored by highly qualified professionals and edited by subject matter experts , who ensure everything we publish is objective, accurate and trustworthy.

Our banking reporters and editors focus on the points consumers care about most — the best banks, latest rates, different types of accounts, money-saving tips and more — so you can feel confident as you’re managing your money.

Editorial integrity

Bankrate follows a strict editorial policy , so you can trust that we’re putting your interests first. Our award-winning editors and reporters create honest and accurate content to help you make the right financial decisions.

Key Principles

We value your trust. Our mission is to provide readers with accurate and unbiased information, and we have editorial standards in place to ensure that happens. Our editors and reporters thoroughly fact-check editorial content to ensure the information you’re reading is accurate. We maintain a firewall between our advertisers and our editorial team. Our editorial team does not receive direct compensation from our advertisers.

Editorial Independence

Bankrate’s editorial team writes on behalf of YOU – the reader. Our goal is to give you the best advice to help you make smart personal finance decisions. We follow strict guidelines to ensure that our editorial content is not influenced by advertisers. Our editorial team receives no direct compensation from advertisers, and our content is thoroughly fact-checked to ensure accuracy. So, whether you’re reading an article or a review, you can trust that you’re getting credible and dependable information.

How we make money

You have money questions. Bankrate has answers. Our experts have been helping you master your money for over four decades. We continually strive to provide consumers with the expert advice and tools needed to succeed throughout life’s financial journey.

Bankrate follows a strict editorial policy , so you can trust that our content is honest and accurate. Our award-winning editors and reporters create honest and accurate content to help you make the right financial decisions. The content created by our editorial staff is objective, factual, and not influenced by our advertisers.

We’re transparent about how we are able to bring quality content, competitive rates, and useful tools to you by explaining how we make money.

Bankrate.com is an independent, advertising-supported publisher and comparison service. We are compensated in exchange for placement of sponsored products and services, or by you clicking on certain links posted on our site. Therefore, this compensation may impact how, where and in what order products appear within listing categories, except where prohibited by law for our mortgage, home equity and other home lending products. Other factors, such as our own proprietary website rules and whether a product is offered in your area or at your self-selected credit score range, can also impact how and where products appear on this site. While we strive to provide a wide range of offers, Bankrate does not include information about every financial or credit product or service.

Whether you’ve received a payment to fix your roof or to replace your income while you recover from an accident, you’re likely to feel relieved that you had insurance and that it worked the way it’s supposed to. Before you spend that benefit, though, you might wonder if you ought to set aside some of the proceeds to pay income taxes on the money.

“Generally, if you’re paying premiums yourself, such as for homeowners insurance and auto insurance, then your insurance benefits are not a taxable event,” says Adam Sherman, CEO of Firstrust Financial Resources in Philadelphia. “Your benefits are reimbursement for expenses, rather than income.”

Still, there are times when an insurance payout or policy will attract the attention of the Internal Revenue Service or state tax authorities. Here’s a look at the various types of insurance, answering the question: Taxable or tax-free?

Homeowners insurance

Benefits: Generally not taxable. When you are reimbursed for a claim to repair your home or even replace it if it’s destroyed, such as in a fire, no tax is owed.

“If you’re repairing damage to your personal residence, then your benefits are not taxable,” says Gregory Burke, a certified public accountant with John Waddell & Co. in Sacramento, Calif.

But he adds: “There may be an exception in the case of an insurance claim on an investment property, because the insurance proceeds could be considered a taxable gain if you don’t reinvest the money fast enough to repair or replace the property.”

Auto insurance

Benefits: Generally not taxable. Insurance money you receive after a car accident or when your car has been stolen is not reported as income, says Burke.

“If you are repairing or replacing your personal vehicle, then you don’t have to pay taxes on the insurance benefit,” he notes. “However, if you deduct part of the cost of your car as a business expense, the insurance benefit might be considered a gain. You are only taxed on the benefit if the insurance reimbursement is above the amount of your tax deduction for the use of your car.”

Life insurance

Death benefits: Sometimes taxable. “Death benefits on an individual’s life insurance policy are not considered taxable income,” says Drew Tignanelli, president of the Financial Consulate, a financial planning firm in Hunt Valley, Md. “However, depending on the amount of the life insurance policy, how it is owned and the state where the deceased person lived, you (the beneficiary) could have to pay estate taxes on a life insurance policy.”

Federal estate taxes must be paid on life insurance benefits above $5.25 million in 2013, but only if the policy was owned by the deceased individual, says Tignanelli.

“If a life insurance policy is owned by the beneficiaries, they won’t have to pay an estate tax,” he says.

The minimum benefit subject to state estate taxes varies. For example, in Maryland, life insurance benefits of more than $1 million are subject to the state’s estate tax.

Dividends and interest:

Sometimes taxable. Unlike term life insurance policies, many permanent life insurance products earn dividends or interest.

“Dividends are typically considered a return of the premiums you have paid and are not taxable unless you previously deducted the premiums from your taxes,” says Burke.

But interest that accrues on a cash value life insurance policy will be considered taxable income, and you should receive a Form 1099 showing the total interest earned each year, he says.

Many insurance companies offer policyholders the option of using their interest to buy additional insurance. In that case, the interest is not taxed, Tignanelli says.

Disability insurance

Benefits: Sometimes taxable. Whether disability insurance benefits are taxable depends on how you paid your premiums, says Sherman.

“If you pay your premiums with pretax income, then the benefits are considered taxable income,” he says. “If you pay the premiums with after-tax dollars, then the benefits are tax-free.”

Tignanelli says most disability insurance policies cover only 60 percent to 70 percent of your income if you become disabled, so he recommends purchasing your policy with after-tax income so you won’t have to worry about taxes if you have to receive benefits.

“It’s a lot easier to handle that drop in income if it’s tax-free,” he says.

Long-term care insurance

Benefits: Sometimes taxable. Sherman says long-term care insurance benefits are typically tax-free.

“However, some people can deduct a portion of their long-term care insurance premiums from their taxes,” says Sherman. “If you deducted some of your premiums, you may have to pay taxes on some of your benefits.”

Your benefits also could be taxed if they exceed your medical expenses.

“As long as you have a doctor attest to your need for care, some insurance policies will pay your benefits even if you are being cared for at home by a family member rather than incurring expenses in a nursing home,” says Tignanelli. “In that case, since you wouldn’t actually have reimbursable medical expenses, your benefits would be considered taxable income.”

Health insurance

Employee benefits: Sometimes taxable. Currently, health insurance is not taxed in most circumstances. But one exception is employer-sponsored health insurance for workers’ domestic partners, which is considered taxable income under federal law.

An employee must pay tax on what his or her partner’s coverage costs the company; some employers “gross up” an employee’s salary to cover that tax.

If a domestic partner qualifies as a dependent of the employee, then the health insurance coverage is tax-free, says Burke.

“In order for a domestic partner to be a dependent, the partners must reside in the same household and the other partner must provide over one-half of his or her support,” he says.

Mortgage loan interest tax break for rental?
You can file your return without 1099 forms
Red flags that tempt the tax auditor
E-payment options
Sports gambling and taxes
Didn’t get your W-2?

Male colleagues in discussion at office desk

How to calculate taxes on an inherited annuity

a women on her phone sitting at a table as she presumably goes through her account

Is credit card interest tax-deductible?

A picture of a mobile phone screen with cryptocurrency apps

Cryptocurrency taxes: A guide to tax rules for Bitcoin, Ethereum and more

Need to report cryptocurrency on your taxes? Here’s how to use Form 8949 to do it

Snowbird Advisor Insurance

COVID-19 Travel Insurance Coverage Options - UPDATE LEARN MORE

The Insurance Specialists for Snowbirds, Boomers and Seniors

Reduce the cost of your travel medical insurance by claiming a tax credit.

Canadian travellers may be eligible to get some money back for travel medical insurance premiums

Get a tax deduction for your travel medical insurance premiums!

Travel insurance can be expensive, particularly if you travel for extended periods of time, have pre-existing health conditions, or are a more mature traveller.

Fortunately, Canadian travellers may be eligible to recoup some of the cost of your travel medical insurance premium by claiming it for a CRA Medical Expense Tax Credit on your income tax return.

Medical Expense Tax Credits allow you to reduce your income tax liability by claiming travel medical insurance premiums and other eligible medical expenses on your tax return and meeting certain eligibility requirements.

Make sure you speak to your accountant to get professional advice on claiming your travel medical insurance premium as a Medical Expense Tax Credit:

In the meantime, here are a few things to keep in mind about Medical Expense Tax Credits:

Only travel medical insurance is eligible to be claimed. Other types of travel insurance like trip cancellation/interruption insurance and baggage insurance are not eligible for Medical Expense Tax Credits. If you have an all-inclusive travel insurance policy that covers medical, cancellation/interruption and baggage, only the amount related to the medical portion of your premium is eligible for the credit. If you purchased your policy from Snowbird Advisor Insurance , you can find your total premium in the confirmation package you received at the time you purchased your policy .
You’ll need a copy of your travel medical insurance receipt/confirmation to prove to CRA how much your premium cost and that your insurance policy was eligible for a tax credit.
You can claim other eligible medical expenses you incur inside and outside Canada, as long as you were not reimbursed for those expenses (i.e. under an insurance plan).
Only medical expenses that exceed a minimum dollar value threshold prescribed by the government are eligible for the tax credit.
Any tax credit you receive won’t be for the full amount of your eligible expenses, as the government only allows you recoup a percentage of your expenses.

The bottom line is that while you won’t be able to recoup the full amount of your travel medical insurance premiums by claiming them on your tax return, it can still be a fast and easy way to save some money.

You can learn more about Medical Expense Tax Credits here.

Disclaimer: The material provided in the Snowbird Advisor Insurance Learning Centre is for informational purposes only and does NOT constitute insurance, legal, financial or other advice, and should not be relied on as such. If you require such advice, you should speak with a qualified professional to assist you.

Travel Insurance:

Manulife coverage is underwritten by The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company and First North American Insurance Company , a wholly-owned subsidiary of Manulife, PO Box 670, Stn. Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2J 4B8.* Manulife and the Block design are trademarks of The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company and are used by it and its affiliates under license.

Blue Cross coverage is underwritten by Canassurance Hospital Service Association and/or Canassurance Insurance Company .*

* Certain terms, conditions, limitations, and exclusions apply, see policies for details. Some products may not be available in all provinces.

Home & Auto Insurance:

For more than 20 years, HUB SmartCoverage has worked with some of the largest insurance companies in Canada, servicing the home and auto insurance needs of Canadians in Alberta, Ontario and the Atlantic provinces, as well as providing residents of British Columbia with home insurance solutions.

Tax Update CPE that is trusted by thousands of CPAs, EAs, CRTPs and Tax Pros.

Deducting Travel Insurance on Your Taxes

Posted by Lee Reams Sr. on September 06, 2017

It would also seem, where the above-the-line SE medical deduction does not apply, the medical portion of the travel insurance would qualify as a Schedule A medical deduction–again, only if the medical portion of the premium is listed separately from other coverage such as for trip delays or cancellation.

ATO Community
Legal Database
What's New

Log in to ATO online services

Access secure services, view your details and lodge online.

Claiming a tax deduction for business travel expenses

You can claim a tax deduction for expenses you incur travelling for your business.

Last updated 16 July 2024

As a business owner, the general rule is that you can claim deductions for expenses if you or your employee are travelling for business purposes. A travel diary is:

compulsory for sole traders and partners in a partnership to record overnight business travel expenses
highly recommended for everyone else.

For a summary of this content in poster format, see Travel expenses (PDF 362KB) This link will download a file .

Expenses you can claim

Your business can claim a deduction for travel expenses related to your business, whether the travel is taken within a day, overnight, or for many nights.

Expenses you can claim include:

train, tram, bus, taxi, or ride-sourcing fares
car hire fees and the costs you incur (such as fuel, tolls and car parking) when using a hire car for business purposes
accommodation
meals, if you are away overnight.

To claim expenses for overnight travel, you must have a permanent home elsewhere and your business must require you to stay away from home overnight.

If you are entitled to goods and services tax (GST) input tax credits, you must claim your deduction in your income tax return at the GST exclusive amount.

Expenses you can't claim

You can only claim the business portion of business travel expenses. You must exclude any private expenses, such as:

a holiday or visit to family or friends that is combined with the business travel
the expenses associated with you or your employee taking a family member on the trip
souvenirs and gifts
sightseeing and entertainment
visas, passports or travel insurance
travel expenses that arise because you are relocating or living away from home
travel undertaken before you started running your business.
Claiming a tax deduction for motor vehicle expenses – information about business motor vehicle expenses and travelling to and from your places of business.

Media: Business deductions - Travel expenses: Tax basics for small business https://tv.ato.gov.au/ato-tv/media?v=bd1bdiubfw7bqp External Link ( Duration: 01:23)

How to claim employee travel expenses

If your employees travel for your business, the business must actually pay for the travel expense to be able to claim it as a deduction. The business can pay for the expense by:

paying directly for the expense from the business account
paying a travel allowance to the employee
reimbursing the employee for their expenses.

Fringe benefits tax (FBT) may apply if your business pays for or reimburses your employees for their travel expenses. Certain exemptions and concessions may apply to reduce your FBT liability. For example, your business may not have an FBT liability if it reimburses an employee for their travel expenses to attend a work conference, which the employee would have been able to claim as an income tax deduction if you hadn't reimbursed them.

You will be liable for FBT if your employee extended their travel for private purposes and you reimburse the employee for these private costs. If your business provides benefits to your employees, you may need to obtain some records from the employee.

If you are the director of a company and the business pays for private portions of your travel expenses, there may also be Division 7A implications.

If you pay your employees a travel allowance or a living-away-from-home allowance, there are different considerations.

Travel diaries

Sole traders and partners in a partnership.

If you are a sole trader or a partner in a partnership and you travel for six or more consecutive nights, you must keep a travel diary or similar document before your travel ends, or as soon as possible afterwards. In your travel diary, record the detail of each business activity including:

what the activity was
the date and approximate time the business activity began
how long the business activity lasted
the name of the place where the business activity occurred.

Your travel diary can be in any format as long as it contains sufficient detail to justify what you are claiming.

Example 1: Rebecca

Rebecca owns a business as a sole trader landscape gardener. She is invited to exhibit at the Chelsea flower show in England. This involves six days of work representing her business at the show. After the show is finished, Rebecca spends some time sightseeing.

Rebecca’s son James joins her on her trip. James is not involved in the business and spends the days exploring London while Rebecca is at the Chelsea flower show.

As Rebecca is travelling for more than six nights, she keeps the below travel diary.

Travel diary for May:

Saturday 9 May – 10.00am flight Q13 to London (via Dubai)
Sunday 10 May – Arrive London 1.00pm local time. Bus to hotel in Chelsea 3.00pm
Monday 11 May – Rest day
Tuesday 12 May – Chelsea flower show set-up day from 9.00am
Wednesday 13 May – Chelsea flower show day 1
Thursday 14 May – Chelsea flower show day 2
Friday 15 May – Chelsea flower show day 3
Saturday 16 May – Chelsea flower show day 4
Sunday 17 May – Chelsea flower show day 5, ends 5.00pm
Monday 18 May – Sightseeing in London
Tuesday 19 May – Sightseeing day trip to Oxford
Wednesday 20 May – Bus to airport. Flight home Q23 6.00pm from London, arrive 10.00pm local time.

This shows that Rebecca travelled for 12 days. She spent the majority of the time on business related activities and took the opportunity to do some sightseeing while in London for two extra days. Rebecca can only claim deductions for the business-related portion of her travel.

Rebecca can claim:

the return airfare to London (which does not have to be separated out as the primary purpose of her travel is for business, the sightseeing was incidental)
her bus fares to and from the airport
the costs associated with working at the Chelsea flower show including the exhibitors fee and transport to and from the location from her hotel
Rebecca’s accommodation in Chelsea up to and including 17 May
meals and incidental costs on the days she attended the Chelsea flower show.

Rebecca cannot claim:

accommodation, meals or transport expenses on the days noted for sightseeing
additional private costs from the whole of her time away (such as souvenirs)
costs of visas, passports or travel insurance
any of James’ expenses (such as his airfares, the cost of his meals or the cost of an extra hotel room for James).

Example 2: Noah

Noah owns a business as a sole trader interior designer and decorator. He lives and works in Perth. A new customer has asked him to design and decorate her home in Broome. This will take two weeks to complete.

Noah flies to Broome on Sunday evening and returns to Perth two weeks later. On the weekend he does some sightseeing and catches up with friends. He keeps the following diary:

Sunday: Fly to Broome (depart 4.00pm, arrive 6.30pm)
Monday 2 September: Purchase decorating supplies 9.00am–10.30am. Working at client’s house 10.45am – 4.00pm
Tuesday 3 – Friday 6 September: Working at client’s house 7.30am to 4.00pm
Saturday: Day trip to Horizontal Falls. Dinner with Pam and Geoff
Sunday: Sightseeing around Broome
Monday 9 – Friday 13 September: Working 7.30am to 4.00pm at client’s house
Saturday: return flight to Perth (depart 10.00am, arrive 12.30pm).

Noah can claim:

his return airfare to Broome and taxi to his hotel and from hotel to airport
accommodation in Broome for all nights (as the weekend in between was incidental and the primary purpose of travel was for business)
costs of undertaking his work in Broome (such as hire of tools)
meals and incidental costs of his work.

Noah cannot claim his private expenses, including:

the cost of the sightseeing he does on the weekend
the dinner he has with friends.

Companies and trusts

If your business is a company or a trust, we highly recommend you use a travel diary as it will help you work out the proportion of the travel that was for private purposes.

Records for business travel expenses

Keep records for five years to substantiate your business travel expenses, including:

tax invoices
boarding passes
travel diaries
details of how you worked out the private portion of expenses.

If you’re a sole trader with simple tax affairs, you can use the myDeductions tool in the ATO app to record your business-related expenses.

Travel Expenses are Tax Deductible or Not: Here You Know

Published on February 21, 2022. EST READ TIME: 3 minutes

Under the Income-tax Act, 1961, there are a number of exemptions that are offered to salaried individuals. One of these exemptions is the Leave Travel Allowance. Travel benefit is one of the most common perquisites most private and public sector companies provide to their employees. It is a benefit that is provided to the employees to travel during their leave and there is tax exemption on the same as well. So, the next time you plan to take a trip, keep in mind that just like travel insurance , the benefit of LTA will make your travel smoother and more affordable.

However, it should be kept in mind that Leave Travel Allowance is not Transport Allowance. Transport Allowance is only used to reimburse an employee’s commuting expenses. Let us understand all you need to know about Leave Travel Allowance or LTA Benefit.

What is Leave Travel Allowance?

As the same suggests, Leave Travel Allowance is a benefit provided to cover travelling expenses during their leave from work. However, travel expenses only within the geographical boundaries of India are covered. No international travel is covered under LTA. The travel expenses under LTA are only covered under the Old Tax Regime of the Income Tax Act, 1961. While it may sound rather simple, there are many aspects that need to be kept in mind when claiming a tax deduction for LTA.

Let us first take a look at the conditions that are essential for claiming LTA

● The employee must be on leave to qualify for this exemption

● To claim the exemption an actual journey has to be made

● International travel cannot be covered under Leave Travel Allowance, only domestic travel

● The exemption can be claimed only by the employee individually or with his family (family includes the employer’s spouse, dependent children, dependent parents and dependent siblings)

● The exemption would not be available for over two children of an employee born after October 1, 1998

● To file this claim one has to provide all related bills & documents to back their claim amount

Eligibility to claim LTA:

Employees from public and private sectors can claim LTA benefits, regardless of when they started working. There is no such waiting period for an employee does not have to be eligible for LTA after joining a company. At the same time, the maximum covered amount under LTA is the sole decision by management. Also, if LTA is part of CTC, it must be included in the final settlement while leaving an organization.

With LTA, one can reduce travel expenses and tax benefits. It must be kept in mind that under LTA, only the travel costs are covered, which means the fare incurred over travel that could be air/ water or air. Expenses incurred on sightseeing, accommodation, local commuting etc are not eligible for this exemption.

How frequently may LTA be claimed as a tax deduction?

Only two journeys performed in a block of four calendar years can get exemption as an LTA. At the same time, the block year is decided by the government and different from the financial year. Also, LTA covers only within-country travel costs. The current block year begins in 2022 and extends until 2026. LTA allows individual taxpayers to claim tax exemption under Section 10(5).

Exclusions from LTA

Let's take a look at the exclusions from Leave Travel Allowance.

1. Travelling abroad isn't covered under the LTA exemption

2. The individual must keep proof of travel as it is required for tax auditing purposes.

3. After 1 October 1998, the exemption under Leave Travel Allowance is not available for more than two children.

4. LTA can only be claimed twice in a block of four calendar years.

If management disapproves of the request for LTA reimbursement, the tax deduction is a foregone conclusion.

What if the LTA is not claimed?

If any employee hasn't claimed their LTA, the deductible amount will be regularly taxed. Also, any remaining amount after-tax is credited into the individual's salary.

LTA to Cash Voucher Scheme

Due to the pandemic, the government came up with a leave travel concession (LTC) i.e. a cash voucher scheme. Under LTC, employees can claim a tax deduction under LTC by utilizing the money on the purchase of goods or services rather than submitting travel bills. According to government guidelines, employees will be eligible to claim a tax deduction equivalent to the LTC allowance up to ₹36,000 per person in the family or one-third of the amount spent. It should be noted here that the purchase of goods and services must be with a minimum of 12% GST, while only using digital methods to make payments. If the payment has been made in cash, the employee would not be able to make the tax exemption.

Procedure to Claim Leave Travel Allowance

The procedure to claim LTA is commonly organization specific. Every organization announces the due date within which employees can claim LTA. To claim the LTA, an organization may require employees to submit proof of travel such as tickets, boarding passes, invoices and bills during the journey. However, organizations don't need to collect evidence of travel, invoices and statements. Though it is always advisable for employees to keep copies for their records and submit them in case of requirement.

Getting tax benefits is always exciting. However, it is essential to know organizational policies regarding the Leave Travel Allowance. A basic understanding of LTA will help with tax benefits and cash purchases after the government cash voucher scheme.

Disclaimer: The above information is for illustrative purpose only. For more details, please refer to policy wordings and prospectus before concluding the sales.

Different types of travel insurance

Buy Travel Insurance Online with the Help of These Reliable Tips

What exemptions should I look for when comparing travel insurance policies?

Follow us on

Get the latest News in your box

Most Popular
Latest Articles

Request A Call Back

Motor insurance.

Health Insurance

Pet Insurance

Pet Insurance : Pet Insurance

Travel Insurance

Home Insurance

Other Insurance

Expert Profiles

Expert Profiles: Deepika Mathur | Diwaker Asthana | Mukesh Kumar | S.Gopala Krishnan

Customer Reviews

Hospital Network

Healthcare Network : Hospital Empanelment form | Product wise cashless services

Procedure to make changes

Procedure to make changes: Health Insurance | Home Insurance | Motor Insurance | Travel Insurance | Personal Accident Insurance

Read in Hindi

Read in Hindi: Health Insurance Hindi | Car Insurance Hindi | Two Wheeler Insurance in Hindi | Home Insurance in Hindi

Our Promoters

Our Promoters: HDFC Bank | ERGO

Cyber Insurance

Cyber Sachet Insurance

Commercial Vehicle Insurance

Passenger Carrying Vehicle Insurance
Goods Carrying Insurance

Corporate Insurance

Casualty Insurance
Group Insurance
Property & Misc Insurance
Risk Consulting Services
Speciality Insurance
Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
Cattle Insurance Policy
Rainfall Index Insurance
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana

Customer Claim Intimation

Workshop claim intimation, track claim status, claim process.

Critical Illness Insurance
Personal Accident Insurance
Group Medical Insurance
Group Personal Insurance
Group Travel Insurance
Marine Hull & Machinery Insurance
Kidnap Ransom Insurance
Cattle Insurance

Corporate Claims

Track Health Claims
Track Non Health Claims

Third Party Claim

Habit of Life Survey NEW
Download Here App NEW
All Things EV
Insurance Gyan
Wellness Corner NEW
Know Your Policy
Garage Network
Diagnostic Centers
Branch Locator
Workshop Portal
HDFC ERGO community
Grievance Redressal

How can we help you?

Please rotate your device

Please rotate to portrait mode for better experience.

Are Health Insurance Premiums Tax-Deductible?

Several tax breaks help reduce your health insurance premiums, and new tax rules expanded these benefits for 2021 and 2022.

Tax Breaks for Health Insurance Premiums

A female physical therapist helps a senior male patient wrap an orthopedic brace around his hand.

Getty Images

You may be eligible for tax benefits to offset some of your health insurance premiums or medical expenses.

Health insurance is expensive, but several tax breaks can help you pay your premiums and deduct your health care expenses. New tax laws in 2021 expanded these benefits even further, which can be particularly helpful for people who lost their jobs or buy their own health insurance coverage. You may be able to receive additional breaks when filing your 2021 income-tax return.

What Are Health Insurance Premiums?

Whether you have health insurance through your employer or on your own, or even if you’re covered by Medicare, you usually have to pay monthly premiums for your coverage. But your premiums may be tax-deductible, or you may be able to take other tax breaks that can help reduce your costs and stretch your health care dollars. Here’s how to figure out whether you are eligible for these tax benefits and what you need to do to get them.

Tax-Deductible Premiums for the Self-Employed

Your health insurance premiums can be tax-deductible if you have income from self-employment and you aren’t eligible to participate in a health plan offered by an employer (or your spouse’s employer). Your Medicare premiums may also be tax-deductible if you’re self-employed , says Morris Armstrong, an enrolled agent in Cheshire, Connecticut. “That is something people do not always realize,” he says.

You don’t have to itemize to be eligible – you take the deduction on Schedule 1 of Form 1040 . The deduction is limited to the net profit from self-employment income you reported on Schedule C, says Jina Etienne, a certified public accountant in Silver Spring, Maryland.

Even if you had employer-sponsored health insurance for the first few months of the year, then lost your job and started doing some freelance work, you may be able to deduct some of the premiums you paid for the months when you weren’t eligible for employer-sponsored coverage.

Itemized Deduction for Medical Expenses

Health insurance premiums can count as a tax-deductible medical expense (along with other out-of-pocket medical expenses) if you itemize your deductions . You can only deduct medical expenses after they exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income. This threshold had been scheduled to increase to 10%, but a tax law passed at the end of 2020 permanently extended the 7.5% threshold.

However, if you have health insurance through your employer and are paying your premiums with pretax money, you can’t double dip and claim those premiums as a tax-deductible medical expense, says Armstrong. But there are some cases where people pay premiums for employer-based coverage on an after-tax basis and may not realize that they could be deductible. “Some retirees (such as public safety officers) may lose out on a legitimate deduction by failing to mention that they pay for medical insurance through their pension and that is on a post-tax basis,” he says.

In some states you may be able to deduct eligible health insurance expenses on your state income tax return, even if you don’t itemize your federal return, says Armstrong.

HSA Withdrawals May Be Tax-Free if You Lose Your Job

You generally can’t withdraw money tax-free from a health savings account to pay health insurance premiums, but there are a few key exceptions. You can take tax-free HSA withdrawals to pay COBRA health insurance premiums; COBRA is a federal law that lets you continue your employer’s coverage for up to 18 months after you lose your job. You can also withdraw money tax-free from an HSA to pay health insurance premiums if you’re receiving unemployment benefits , even if you choose to get your own coverage rather than sign up for COBRA.

“There is nothing special people need to do except keep good records,” says Roy Ramthun, president of HSA Consulting Services. “If they are receiving unemployment, they would want to keep copies of statements and payments that document when they started and stopped receiving unemployment benefits. This would determine the period during which their health insurance premiums would be eligible for tax-free reimbursement from the HSA.” If you’re paying COBRA premiums, you can take tax-free HSA withdrawals even if you aren’t receiving unemployment benefits, but keep records of your COBRA premiums in your HSA tax files.

You’ll get the biggest tax benefit if you can keep the money growing in the HSA tax-free for the long term, but it can still be worthwhile to contribute to an HSA even if you need to use the money right away to pay for eligible health insurance premiums. You’ll still be able to deduct your contributions when you file your income-tax return, even if the money doesn’t have time to grow in the account.

“There is no time limit between when someone makes a tax-deductible contribution to an HSA and when they can withdraw the money tax-free,” says Ramthun. “This can really help people who have cash-flow issues.”

You can withdraw money from an HSA for eligible expenses at any time – even years in the future – but the expenses must have been incurred after the date your HSA account was established.

If you have an HSA-eligible health insurance policy with a deductible of at least $1,400 for individual coverage or $2,800 for family coverage in 2022, then you can contribute up to $3,650 if you have individual coverage or $7,300 for family coverage (plus $1,000 if you’re 55 or older). Also, you still have until April 18, 2022, to make tax-deductible contributions to an HSA if you had an HSA-eligible health insurance policy in 2021 (the contribution limits were slightly lower for 2021). Keep in mind that you may have to prorate your contribution amount if you only have an HSA-eligible policy for part of the year. See IRS Publication 969, Health Savings Accounts for more information.

Tax-Free HSA Withdrawals for Medicare Premiums

HSA owners who are 65 and older can withdraw money tax-free from their accounts to pay Medicare Part B, Part D and Medicare Advantage premiums (but not Medigap premiums). You can tap the account tax-free to pay the premiums for yourself as well as for your spouse. If you have your Medicare premiums paid automatically from your Social Security benefits, you can withdraw the money tax-free from the account to reimburse yourself for the premiums (keep records in your tax files of the eligible expenses).

You can’t make new HSA contributions after you enroll in Medicare, but you can use money that had already been growing in the account to pay for Medicare premiums.

Government Subsidies Help Pay Marketplace Health Insurance Premiums

If you buy health insurance through your state insurance marketplace or Healthcare.gov, you may qualify for a government subsidy to help pay the premiums. The size of the subsidy is based on your income. This subsidy is technically an advance premium tax credit – you can either have it applied immediately to lower your premiums or you can receive it as a refund when you file your income-tax return.

The American Rescue Plan Act, which was signed in March 2021, increased the size of the subsidies and eliminated the income cap for receiving the assistance (in the past, you could only qualify for the subsidy if your income was below 400% of the federal poverty level). These changes to the marketplace premium subsidies are in effect for 2021 and 2022. This law also provided extra subsidies for people who received unemployment benefits in 2021.

When you file your income-tax return for 2021, you’ll reconcile the amount you received as an advance premium tax credit with what you qualified for based on your year-end income. You could get back more money if you qualified for a larger subsidy than you received during the year. See this factsheet at Healthcare.gov for instructions on reconciling your 2021 payments.

Tax Breaks for Long-Term Care Insurance Premiums

You may be able to get a tax deduction or use tax-free money to pay premiums for long-term care insurance.

Long-term care insurance premiums can also count toward the medical expense deduction if you itemize (also subject to the 7.5% adjusted gross income threshold for medical expenses). Or you can withdraw money tax-free from a health savings account for long-term care premiums. The amount of long-term care premiums that counts for the break depends on your age – the older you are, the larger the break.

You can withdraw or deduct up to $450 tax-free to pay long-term care premiums in 2021 and 2022 if you’re age 40 or younger, $850 if you’re 41 to 50, $1,690 if you’re 51 to 60, $4,510 ($4,520 in 2021) if you’re 61 to 70, or $5,640 if you’re older than 70. If your spouse is paying long-term care insurance premiums, you can also withdraw up to the amount based on his or her age for premiums, too.

Red Flags That Could Trigger a Tax Audit

Old people, tax return and home banking. Angry senior lady paying federal income taxes, doing family business plan. Elderly retired person and stress. Broken laptop pc, computer problems, technology

Tags: taxes , health insurance , personal finance , money

The Best Financial Tools for You

Credit Cards

Find the Best Loan for You

Your Money Decisions

Advice on credit, loans, budgeting, taxes, retirement and other money matters.

Section 230 and AI Finance Decisions

Jessica Walrack July 18, 2024

Lower Thermostat to Save Money

Erica Sandberg July 17, 2024

8 Ways to Manage Money Stress

Geoff Williams July 17, 2024

Hidden Wedding Costs

Erica Sandberg July 16, 2024

13 Items That Sell Well Online

Maryalene LaPonsie July 15, 2024

10 Apps to Make Taxes Easier Next Year

10 Free Online Finance Courses

Geoff Williams July 11, 2024

6 Easy Ways to Pay Off Debt

Emily Sherman July 10, 2024

Honeymoon Saving Tips

Erica Lamberg July 9, 2024

What Is Money Dysmorphia?

Erica Sandberg July 8, 2024

How to Make Money on Etsy

Maryalene LaPonsie July 3, 2024

Examine Your Monthly Subscriptions Now

Erica Lamberg July 2, 2024

How Much Should I Spend on Groceries?

Geoff Williams July 1, 2024

9 Best Apps for Finding Cheap Flights

Maryalene LaPonsie June 28, 2024

Parents’ Medical Debts Might Fall to You

Erica Sandberg June 28, 2024

Should You Save Money by Skiplagging?

Disney World Costs in 2024

Jessica Walrack and Beth Braverman June 27, 2024

Why Is the Middle Class Shrinking?

Jessica Walrack June 27, 2024

Avoid Financial Disasters as You Age

Jessica Walrack June 26, 2024

Profile Management

Global Locations

RECENT SEARCHES

RECOMMENDED

SURVEY REPORT Energy Survey
INSIGHTS Industry Intersections

Keep up with state tax rules for travel insurance premiums

Insurers need to watch for new state regulations.

As the popularity of travel insurance has expanded, the insurance industry over the past 10 years has promoted the development of a regulatory framework for travel insurance products.

Many states are adopting travel insurance rules based on the Travel Insurance Model Law created in 2018 by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

Insurers should be aware of new state regulations to make sure they are complying with tax requirements that states are adopting.

For more information on the emerging regulatory framework for the travel insurance industry, how premium taxes are structured for state tax purposes, and how insurers can comply with these tax rules , read this article authored by Grant Thornton professionals in The Federal Lawyer .

Tax - Managing Director

Andy Koutroumanis

Tax - Director

Samuel Fowler

SALT - Manager

Share with your network

Tax professional standards statement

This content supports Grant Thornton LLP’s marketing of professional services and is not written tax advice directed at the particular facts and circumstances of any person. If you are interested in the topics presented herein, we encourage you to contact us or an independent tax professional to discuss their potential application to your particular situation. Nothing herein shall be construed as imposing a limitation on any person from disclosing the tax treatment or tax structure of any matter addressed herein. To the extent this content may be considered to contain written tax advice, any written advice contained in, forwarded with or attached to this content is not intended by Grant Thornton LLP to be used, and cannot be used, by any person for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed under the Internal Revenue Code.

Our insurance featured industry insights

No Results Found. Please search again using different keywords and/or filters.

An official website of the United States Government

Kreyòl ayisyen
Search Toggle search Search Include Historical Content - Any - No Include Historical Content - Any - No Search
Menu Toggle menu
INFORMATION FOR…
Individuals
Business & Self Employed
Charities and Nonprofits
International Taxpayers
Federal State and Local Governments
Indian Tribal Governments
Tax Exempt Bonds
FILING FOR INDIVIDUALS
How to File
When to File
Where to File
Update Your Information
Get Your Tax Record
Apply for an Employer ID Number (EIN)
Check Your Amended Return Status
Get an Identity Protection PIN (IP PIN)
File Your Taxes for Free
Bank Account (Direct Pay)
Payment Plan (Installment Agreement)
Electronic Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS)
Your Online Account
Tax Withholding Estimator
Estimated Taxes
Where's My Refund
What to Expect
Direct Deposit
Reduced Refunds
Amend Return

Credits & Deductions

INFORMATION FOR...
Businesses & Self-Employed
Earned Income Credit (EITC)
Child Tax Credit
Clean Energy and Vehicle Credits
Standard Deduction
Retirement Plans

Forms & Instructions

POPULAR FORMS & INSTRUCTIONS
Form 1040 Instructions
Form 4506-T
POPULAR FOR TAX PROS
Form 1040-X
Circular 230

Future Developments

Who should use this publication.

Users of employer-provided vehicles.

Who doesn’t need to use this publication.

Volunteers.

Comments and suggestions.

Getting answers to your tax questions.

Getting tax forms, instructions, and publications.

Ordering tax forms, instructions, and publications.

Useful Items - You may want to see:

Travel expenses defined.

Members of the Armed Forces.

Main place of business or work.

No main place of business or work.

Factors used to determine tax home.

Tax Home Different From Family Home

Temporary assignment vs. indefinite assignment.

Exception for federal crime investigations or prosecutions.

Determining temporary or indefinite.

Going home on days off.

Probationary work period.

Separating costs.

Travel expenses for another individual.

Business associate.

Bona fide business purpose.

Lavish or extravagant.

50% limit on meals.

Actual Cost

Incidental expenses.

Incidental-expenses-only method.

50% limit may apply.

Who can use the standard meal allowance.

Use of the standard meal allowance for other travel.

Amount of standard meal allowance.

Federal government's fiscal year.

Standard meal allowance for areas outside the continental United States.

Special rate for transportation workers.

Travel for days you depart and return.

Trip Primarily for Business

Trip primarily for personal reasons.

Public transportation.

Private car.

Travel entirely for business.

Travel considered entirely for business.

Exception 1—No substantial control.

Exception 2—Outside United States no more than a week.

Exception 3—Less than 25% of time on personal activities.

Exception 4—Vacation not a major consideration.

Travel allocation rules.

Counting business days.

Transportation day.

Presence required.

Day spent on business.

Certain weekends and holidays.

Nonbusiness activity on the way to or from your business destination.

Nonbusiness activity at, near, or beyond business destination.

Other methods.

Travel Primarily for Personal Reasons

Daily limit on luxury water travel.

Meals and entertainment.

Not separately stated.

Convention agenda.

North American area.

Reasonableness test.

Cruise Ships

Deduction may depend on your type of business.

Exceptions to the Rules

Entertainment events.

Entertainment facilities.

Club dues and membership fees.

Gift or entertainment.

Other rules for meals and entertainment expenses.

Costs to include or exclude.

Application of 50% limit.

When to apply the 50% limit.

Taking turns paying for meals.

1—Expenses treated as compensation.

2—Employee's reimbursed expenses.

3—Self-employed reimbursed expenses.

4—Recreational expenses for employees.

5—Advertising expenses.

6—Sale of meals.

Individuals subject to “hours of service” limits.

Incidental costs.

Exceptions.

Illustration of transportation expenses.

Temporary work location.

No regular place of work.

Two places of work.

Armed Forces reservists.

Commuting expenses.

Parking fees.

Advertising display on car.

Hauling tools or instruments.

Union members' trips from a union hall.

Office in the home.

Examples of deductible transportation.

Choosing the standard mileage rate.

Standard mileage rate not allowed.

Five or more cars.

Personal property taxes.

Parking fees and tolls.

Sale, trade-in, or other disposition.

Business and personal use.

Employer-provided vehicle.

Interest on car loans.

Taxes paid on your car.

Sales taxes.

Fines and collateral.

Casualty and theft losses.

Depreciation and section 179 deductions.

Car defined.

Qualified nonpersonal use vehicles.

More information.

More than 50% business use requirement.

Limit on the amount of the section 179 deduction.

Limit for sport utility and certain other vehicles.

Limit on total section 179 deduction, special depreciation allowance, and depreciation deduction.

Cost of car.

Basis of car for depreciation.

When to elect.

How to elect.

Revoking an election.

Recapture of section 179 deduction.

Dispositions.

Combined depreciation.

Qualified car.

Election not to claim the special depreciation allowance.

Placed in service.

Car placed in service and disposed of in the same year.

Methods of depreciation.

More-than-50%-use test.

Qualified business use.

Use of your car by another person.

Business use changes.

Use for more than one purpose.

Change from personal to business use.

Unadjusted basis.

Improvements.

Car trade-in.

Effect of trade-in on basis.

Traded car used only for business.

Traded car used partly in business.

Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS).

Recovery period.

Depreciation methods.

MACRS depreciation chart.

Depreciation in future years.

Disposition of car during recovery period.

How to use the 2023 chart.

Trucks and vans.

Car used less than full year.

Reduction for personal use.

Section 179 deduction.

Deductions in years after the recovery period.

Unrecovered basis.

The recovery period.

How to treat unrecovered basis.

Table 4-1. 2023 MACRS Depreciation Chart (Use To Figure Depreciation for 2023)

Qualified business use 50% or less in year placed in service.

Qualified business use 50% or less in a later year.

Excess depreciation.

Deductible payments.

Fair market value.

Figuring the inclusion amount.

Leased car changed from business to personal use.

Leased car changed from personal to business use.

Reporting inclusion amounts.

Casualty or theft.

Depreciation adjustment when you used the standard mileage rate.

Depreciation deduction for the year of disposition.

Documentary evidence.

Adequate evidence.

Canceled check.

Duplicate information.

Timely kept records.

Proving business purpose.

Confidential information.

Exceptional circumstances.

Destroyed records.

Separating expenses.

Combining items.

Car expenses.

Gift expenses.

Allocating total cost.

If your return is examined.

Reimbursed for expenses.

Examples of Records

Self-employed.

Both self-employed and an employee.

Statutory employees.

Reimbursement for personal expenses.

Income-producing property.

Value reported on Form W-2.

Full value included in your income.

Less than full value included in your income.

No reimbursement.

Reimbursement, allowance, or advance.

Reasonable period of time.

Employee meets accountable plan rules.

Accountable plan rules not met.

Failure to return excess reimbursements.

Reimbursement of nondeductible expenses.

Adequate Accounting

Related to employer.

The federal rate.

Regular federal per diem rate.

The standard meal allowance.

High-low rate.

Prorating the standard meal allowance on partial days of travel.

The standard mileage rate.

Fixed and variable rate (FAVR).

Reporting your expenses with a per diem or car allowance.

Allowance less than or equal to the federal rate.

Allowance more than the federal rate.

Travel advance.

Unproven amounts.

Per diem allowance more than federal rate.

Reporting your expenses under a nonaccountable plan.

Adequate accounting.

How to report.

Contractor adequately accounts.

Contractor doesn’t adequately account.

High-low method.

Regular federal per diem rate method.

Federal per diem rate method.

Information on use of cars.

Standard mileage rate.

Actual expenses.

Car rentals.

Transportation expenses.

Employee business expenses other than nonentertainment meals.

Non-entertainment-related meal expenses.

“Hours of service” limits.

Reimbursements.

Allocating your reimbursement.

After you complete the form.

Limits on employee business expenses.

1. Limit on meals and entertainment.

2. Limit on total itemized deductions.

Member of a reserve component.

Officials Paid on a Fee Basis

Special rules for married persons.

Where to report.

Impairment-Related Work Expenses of Disabled Employees

Preparing and filing your tax return.

Free options for tax preparation.

Using online tools to help prepare your return.

Need someone to prepare your tax return?

Employers can register to use Business Services Online.

IRS social media.

Watching IRS videos.

Online tax information in other languages.

Free Over-the-Phone Interpreter (OPI) Service.

Accessibility Helpline available for taxpayers with disabilities.

Getting tax forms and publications.

Getting tax publications and instructions in eBook format.

Access your online account (individual taxpayers only).

Get a transcript of your return.

Tax Pro Account.

Using direct deposit.

Reporting and resolving your tax-related identity theft issues.

Ways to check on the status of your refund.

Making a tax payment.

What if I can’t pay now?

Filing an amended return.

Checking the status of your amended return.

Understanding an IRS notice or letter you’ve received.

Responding to an IRS notice or letter.

Contacting your local TAC.

What Is TAS?

How can you learn about your taxpayer rights, what can tas do for you, how can you reach tas, how else does tas help taxpayers, low income taxpayer clinics (litcs), appendix a-1. inclusion amounts for passenger automobiles first leased in 2018, appendix a-2. inclusion amounts for passenger automobiles first leased in 2019, appendix a-3. inclusion amounts for passenger automobiles first leased in 2020, appendix a-4. inclusion amounts for passenger automobiles first leased in 2021, appendix a-5. inclusion amounts for passenger automobiles first leased in 2022, appendix a-6. inclusion amounts for passenger automobiles first leased in 2023, publication 463 - additional material, publication 463 (2023), travel, gift, and car expenses.

For use in preparing 2023 Returns

Publication 463 - Introductory Material

For the latest information about developments related to Pub. 463, such as legislation enacted after it was published, go to IRS.gov/Pub463 .

Standard mileage rate. For 2023, the standard mileage rate for the cost of operating your car for business use is 65.5 cents ($0.655) per mile. Car expenses and use of the standard mileage rate are explained in chapter 4.

Depreciation limits on cars, trucks, and vans. The first-year limit on the depreciation deduction, special depreciation allowance, and section 179 deduction for vehicles acquired before September 28, 2017, and placed in service during 2023, is $12,200. The first-year limit on depreciation, special depreciation allowance, and section 179 deduction for vehicles acquired after September 27, 2017, and placed in service during 2023 increases to $20,200. If you elect not to claim a special depreciation allowance for a vehicle placed in service in 2023, the amount increases to $12,200. Depreciation limits are explained in chapter 4.

Section 179 deduction. The maximum amount you can elect to deduct for section 179 property (including cars, trucks, and vans) you placed in service in tax years beginning in 2023 is $1,160,000. This limit is reduced by the amount by which the cost of section 179 property placed in service during the tax year exceeds $2,890,000. Section 179 deduction is explained in chapter 4.Also, the maximum section 179 expense deduction for sport utility vehicles placed in service in tax years beginning in 2023 is $28,900.

Temporary deduction of 100% business meals. The 100% deduction on certain business meals expenses as amended under the Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, and enacted by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, has expired. Generally, the cost of business meals remains deductible, subject to the 50% limitation. See 50% Limit in chapter 2 for more information.

Photographs of missing children. The IRS is a proud partner with the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children® (NCMEC) . Photographs of missing children selected by the Center may appear in this publication on pages that would otherwise be blank. You can help bring these children home by looking at the photographs and calling 800-THE-LOST (800-843-5678) if you recognize a child.

Per diem rates. Current and prior per diem rates may be found on the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) website at GSA.gov/travel/plan-book/per-diem-rates .

Introduction

You may be able to deduct the ordinary and necessary business-related expenses you have for:

Non-entertainment-related meals,

Transportation.

This publication explains:

What expenses are deductible,

How to report them on your return,

What records you need to prove your expenses, and

How to treat any expense reimbursements you may receive.

You should read this publication if you are an employee or a sole proprietor who has business-related travel, non-entertainment-related meals, gift, or transportation expenses.

If an employer-provided vehicle was available for your use, you received a fringe benefit. Generally, your employer must include the value of the use or availability of the vehicle in your income. However, there are exceptions if the use of the vehicle qualifies as a working condition fringe benefit (such as the use of a qualified nonpersonal use vehicle).

A working condition fringe benefit is any property or service provided to you by your employer, the cost of which would be allowable as an employee business expense deduction if you had paid for it.

A qualified nonpersonal use vehicle is one that isn’t likely to be used more than minimally for personal purposes because of its design. See Qualified nonpersonal use vehicles under Actual Car Expenses in chapter 4.

For information on how to report your car expenses that your employer didn’t provide or reimburse you for (such as when you pay for gas and maintenance for a car your employer provides), see Vehicle Provided by Your Employer in chapter 6.

Partnerships, corporations, trusts, and employers who reimburse their employees for business expenses should refer to the instructions for their required tax forms, for information on deducting travel, meals, and entertainment expenses.

If you are an employee, you won’t need to read this publication if all of the following are true.

You fully accounted to your employer for your work-related expenses.

You received full reimbursement for your expenses.

Your employer required you to return any excess reimbursement and you did so.

There is no amount shown with a code L in box 12 of your Form W-2, Wage and Tax Statement.

If you perform services as a volunteer worker for a qualified charity, you may be able to deduct some of your costs as a charitable contribution. See Out-of-Pocket Expenses in Giving Services in Pub. 526, Charitable Contributions, for information on the expenses you can deduct.

We welcome your comments about this publication and suggestions for future editions.

You can send us comments through IRS.gov/FormComments . Or, you can write to the Internal Revenue Service, Tax Forms and Publications, 1111 Constitution Ave. NW, IR-6526, Washington, DC 20224.

Although we can’t respond individually to each comment received, we do appreciate your feedback and will consider your comments and suggestions as we revise our tax forms, instructions, and publications. Don’t send tax questions, tax returns, or payments to the above address.

If you have a tax question not answered by this publication or the How To Get Tax Help section at the end of this publication, go to the IRS Interactive Tax Assistant page at IRS.gov/Help/ITA where you can find topics by using the search feature or viewing the categories listed.

Go to IRS.gov/Forms to download current and prior-year forms, instructions, and publications.

Go to IRS.gov/OrderForms to order current forms, instructions, and publications; call 800-829-3676 to order prior-year forms and instructions. The IRS will process your order for forms and publications as soon as possible. Don’t resubmit requests you’ve already sent us. You can get forms and publications faster online.

Useful Items

Publication

946 How To Depreciate Property

Form (and Instructions)

Schedule A (Form 1040) Itemized Deductions

Schedule C (Form 1040) Profit or Loss From Business (Sole Proprietorship)

Schedule F (Form 1040) Profit or Loss From Farming

2106 Employee Business Expenses

4562 Depreciation and Amortization (Including Information on Listed Property)

See How To Get Tax Help for information about getting these publications and forms.

If you temporarily travel away from your tax home, you can use this chapter to determine if you have deductible travel expenses.

This chapter discusses:

Traveling away from home,

Temporary assignment or job, and

What travel expenses are deductible.

For tax purposes, travel expenses are the ordinary and necessary expenses of traveling away from home for your business, profession, or job.

An ordinary expense is one that is common and accepted in your trade or business. A necessary expense is one that is helpful and appropriate for your business. An expense doesn’t have to be required to be considered necessary.

You will find examples of deductible travel expenses in Table 1-1 .

Traveling Away From Home

You are traveling away from home if:

Your duties require you to be away from the general area of your tax home (defined later) substantially longer than an ordinary day's work, and

You need to sleep or rest to meet the demands of your work while away from home.

You are a railroad conductor. You leave your home terminal on a regularly scheduled round-trip run between two cities and return home 16 hours later. During the run, you have 6 hours off at your turnaround point where you eat two meals and rent a hotel room to get necessary sleep before starting the return trip. You are considered to be away from home.

You are a truck driver. You leave your terminal and return to it later the same day. You get an hour off at your turnaround point to eat. Because you aren’t off to get necessary sleep and the brief time off isn’t an adequate rest period, you aren’t traveling away from home.

If you are a member of the U.S. Armed Forces on a permanent duty assignment overseas, you aren’t traveling away from home. You can’t deduct your expenses for meals and lodging. You can’t deduct these expenses even if you have to maintain a home in the United States for your family members who aren’t allowed to accompany you overseas. If you are transferred from one permanent duty station to another, you may have deductible moving expenses, which are explained in Pub. 3, Armed Forces' Tax Guide.

A naval officer assigned to permanent duty aboard a ship that has regular eating and living facilities has a tax home (explained next) aboard the ship for travel expense purposes.

To determine whether you are traveling away from home, you must first determine the location of your tax home.

Generally, your tax home is your regular place of business or post of duty, regardless of where you maintain your family home. It includes the entire city or general area in which your business or work is located.

If you have more than one regular place of business, your tax home is your main place of business. See Main place of business or work , later.

If you don’t have a regular or a main place of business because of the nature of your work, then your tax home may be the place where you regularly live. See No main place of business or work , later.

If you don’t have a regular or main place of business or post of duty and there is no place where you regularly live, you are considered an itinerant (a transient) and your tax home is wherever you work. As an itinerant, you can’t claim a travel expense deduction because you are never considered to be traveling away from home.

If you have more than one place of work, consider the following when determining which one is your main place of business or work.

The total time you ordinarily spend in each place.

The level of your business activity in each place.

Whether your income from each place is significant or insignificant.

You live in Cincinnati where you have a seasonal job for 8 months each year and earn $40,000. You work the other 4 months in Miami, also at a seasonal job, and earn $15,000. Cincinnati is your main place of work because you spend most of your time there and earn most of your income there.

You may have a tax home even if you don’t have a regular or main place of work. Your tax home may be the home where you regularly live.

If you don’t have a regular or main place of business or work, use the following three factors to determine where your tax home is.

You perform part of your business in the area of your main home and use that home for lodging while doing business in the area.

You have living expenses at your main home that you duplicate because your business requires you to be away from that home.

You haven’t abandoned the area in which both your historical place of lodging and your claimed main home are located; you have a member or members of your family living at your main home; or you often use that home for lodging.

If you satisfy all three factors, your tax home is the home where you regularly live. If you satisfy only two factors, you may have a tax home depending on all the facts and circumstances. If you satisfy only one factor, you are an itinerant; your tax home is wherever you work and you can’t deduct travel expenses.

You are single and live in Boston in an apartment you rent. You have worked for your employer in Boston for a number of years. Your employer enrolls you in a 12-month executive training program. You don’t expect to return to work in Boston after you complete your training.

During your training, you don’t do any work in Boston. Instead, you receive classroom and on-the-job training throughout the United States. You keep your apartment in Boston and return to it frequently. You use your apartment to conduct your personal business. You also keep up your community contacts in Boston. When you complete your training, you are transferred to Los Angeles.

You don’t satisfy factor (1) because you didn’t work in Boston. You satisfy factor (2) because you had duplicate living expenses. You also satisfy factor (3) because you didn’t abandon your apartment in Boston as your main home, you kept your community contacts, and you frequently returned to live in your apartment. Therefore, you have a tax home in Boston.

You are an outside salesperson with a sales territory covering several states. Your employer's main office is in Newark, but you don’t conduct any business there. Your work assignments are temporary, and you have no way of knowing where your future assignments will be located. You have a room in your married sister's house in Dayton. You stay there for one or two weekends a year, but you do no work in the area. You don’t pay your sister for the use of the room.

You don’t satisfy any of the three factors listed earlier. You are an itinerant and have no tax home.

If you (and your family) don’t live at your tax home (defined earlier), you can’t deduct the cost of traveling between your tax home and your family home. You also can’t deduct the cost of meals and lodging while at your tax home. See Example 1 , later.

If you are working temporarily in the same city where you and your family live, you may be considered as traveling away from home. See Example 2 , later.

You are a truck driver and you and your family live in Tucson. You are employed by a trucking firm that has its terminal in Phoenix. At the end of your long runs, you return to your home terminal in Phoenix and spend one night there before returning home. You can’t deduct any expenses you have for meals and lodging in Phoenix or the cost of traveling from Phoenix to Tucson. This is because Phoenix is your tax home.

Your family home is in Pittsburgh, where you work 12 weeks a year. The rest of the year you work for the same employer in Baltimore. In Baltimore, you eat in restaurants and sleep in a rooming house. Your salary is the same whether you are in Pittsburgh or Baltimore.

Because you spend most of your working time and earn most of your salary in Baltimore, that city is your tax home. You can’t deduct any expenses you have for meals and lodging there. However, when you return to work in Pittsburgh, you are away from your tax home even though you stay at your family home. You can deduct the cost of your round trip between Baltimore and Pittsburgh. You can also deduct your part of your family's living expenses for non-entertainment-related meals and lodging while you are living and working in Pittsburgh.

Temporary Assignment or Job

You may regularly work at your tax home and also work at another location. It may not be practical to return to your tax home from this other location at the end of each workday.

If your assignment or job away from your main place of work is temporary, your tax home doesn’t change. You are considered to be away from home for the whole period you are away from your main place of work. You can deduct your travel expenses if they otherwise qualify for deduction. Generally, a temporary assignment in a single location is one that is realistically expected to last (and does in fact last) for 1 year or less.

However, if your assignment or job is indefinite, the location of the assignment or job becomes your new tax home and you can’t deduct your travel expenses while there. An assignment or job in a single location is considered indefinite if it is realistically expected to last for more than 1 year, whether or not it actually lasts for more than 1 year.

If your assignment is indefinite, you must include in your income any amounts you receive from your employer for living expenses, even if they are called “travel allowances” and you account to your employer for them. You may be able to deduct the cost of relocating to your new tax home as a moving expense. See Pub. 3 for more information.

If you are a federal employee participating in a federal crime investigation or prosecution, you aren’t subject to the 1-year rule. This means you may be able to deduct travel expenses even if you are away from your tax home for more than 1 year provided you meet the other requirements for deductibility.

For you to qualify, the Attorney General (or their designee) must certify that you are traveling:

For the federal government;

In a temporary duty status; and

To investigate, prosecute, or provide support services for the investigation or prosecution of a federal crime.

You must determine whether your assignment is temporary or indefinite when you start work. If you expect an assignment or job to last for 1 year or less, it is temporary unless there are facts and circumstances that indicate otherwise. An assignment or job that is initially temporary may become indefinite due to changed circumstances. A series of assignments to the same location, all for short periods but that together cover a long period, may be considered an indefinite assignment.

The following examples illustrate whether an assignment or job is temporary or indefinite.

You are a construction worker. You live and regularly work in Los Angeles. You are a member of a trade union in Los Angeles that helps you get work in the Los Angeles area. Your tax home is Los Angeles. Because of a shortage of work, you took a job on a construction project in Fresno. Your job was scheduled to end in 8 months. The job actually lasted 10 months.

You realistically expected the job in Fresno to last 8 months. The job actually did last less than 1 year. The job is temporary and your tax home is still in Los Angeles.

The facts are the same as in Example 1 , except that you realistically expected the work in Fresno to last 18 months. The job was actually completed in 10 months.

Your job in Fresno is indefinite because you realistically expected the work to last longer than 1 year, even though it actually lasted less than 1 year. You can’t deduct any travel expenses you had in Fresno because Fresno became your tax home.

The facts are the same as in Example 1 , except that you realistically expected the work in Fresno to last 9 months. After 8 months, however, you were asked to remain for 7 more months (for a total actual stay of 15 months).

Initially, you realistically expected the job in Fresno to last for only 9 months. However, due to changed circumstances occurring after 8 months, it was no longer realistic for you to expect that the job in Fresno would last for 1 year or less. You can deduct only your travel expenses for the first 8 months. You can’t deduct any travel expenses you had after that time because Fresno became your tax home when the job became indefinite.

If you go back to your tax home from a temporary assignment on your days off, you aren’t considered away from home while you are in your hometown. You can’t deduct the cost of your meals and lodging there. However, you can deduct your travel expenses, including meals and lodging, while traveling between your temporary place of work and your tax home. You can claim these expenses up to the amount it would have cost you to stay at your temporary place of work.

If you keep your hotel room during your visit home, you can deduct the cost of your hotel room. In addition, you can deduct your expenses of returning home up to the amount you would have spent for meals had you stayed at your temporary place of work.

If you take a job that requires you to move, with the understanding that you will keep the job if your work is satisfactory during a probationary period, the job is indefinite. You can’t deduct any of your expenses for meals and lodging during the probationary period.

What Travel Expenses Are Deductible?

Once you have determined that you are traveling away from your tax home, you can determine what travel expenses are deductible.

You can deduct ordinary and necessary expenses you have when you travel away from home on business. The type of expense you can deduct depends on the facts and your circumstances.

Table 1-1 summarizes travel expenses you may be able to deduct. You may have other deductible travel expenses that aren’t covered there, depending on the facts and your circumstances.

If you have one expense that includes the costs of non-entertainment-related meals, entertainment, and other services (such as lodging or transportation), you must allocate that expense between the cost of non-entertainment-related meals, and entertainment and the cost of other services. You must have a reasonable basis for making this allocation. For example, you must allocate your expenses if a hotel includes one or more meals in its room charge.

If a spouse, dependent, or other individual goes with you (or your employee) on a business trip or to a business convention, you generally can’t deduct their travel expenses.

You can deduct the travel expenses of someone who goes with you if that person:

Is your employee,

Has a bona fide business purpose for the travel, and

Would otherwise be allowed to deduct the travel expenses.

If a business associate travels with you and meets the conditions in (2) and (3) above, you can deduct the travel expenses you have for that person. A business associate is someone with whom you could reasonably expect to actively conduct business. A business associate can be a current or prospective (likely to become) customer, client, supplier, employee, agent, partner, or professional advisor.

Table 1-1. Travel Expenses You Can Deduct

A bona fide business purpose exists if you can prove a real business purpose for the individual's presence. Incidental services, such as typing notes or assisting in entertaining customers, aren’t enough to make the expenses deductible.

You drive to Chicago on business and take your spouse with you. Your spouse isn’t your employee. Your spouse occasionally types notes, performs similar services, and accompanies you to luncheons and dinners. The performance of these services doesn’t establish that your spouse’s presence on the trip is necessary to the conduct of your business. Your spouse’s expenses aren’t deductible.

You pay $199 a day for a double room. A single room costs $149 a day. You can deduct the total cost of driving your car to and from Chicago, but only $149 a day for your hotel room. If both you and your spouse use public transportation, you can only deduct your fare.

You can deduct a portion of the cost of meals if it is necessary for you to stop for substantial sleep or rest to properly perform your duties while traveling away from home on business. Meal and entertainment expenses are discussed in chapter 2 .

You can't deduct expenses for meals that are lavish or extravagant. An expense isn't considered lavish or extravagant if it is reasonable based on the facts and circumstances. Meal expenses won't be disallowed merely because they are more than a fixed dollar amount or because the meals take place at deluxe restaurants, hotels, or resorts.

You can figure your meal expenses using either of the following methods.

Actual cost.

If you are reimbursed for the cost of your meals, how you apply the 50% limit depends on whether your employer's reimbursement plan was accountable or nonaccountable. If you aren’t reimbursed, the 50% limit applies even if the unreimbursed meal expense is for business travel. Chapter 2 discusses the 50% Limit in more detail, and chapter 6 discusses accountable and nonaccountable plans.

You can use the actual cost of your meals to figure the amount of your expense before reimbursement and application of the 50% deduction limit. If you use this method, you must keep records of your actual cost.

Standard Meal Allowance

Generally, you can use the “standard meal allowance” method as an alternative to the actual cost method. It allows you to use a set amount for your daily meals and incidental expenses (M&IE), instead of keeping records of your actual costs. The set amount varies depending on where and when you travel. In this publication, “standard meal allowance” refers to the federal rate for M&IE, discussed later under Amount of standard meal allowance . If you use the standard meal allowance, you must still keep records to prove the time, place, and business purpose of your travel. See the recordkeeping rules for travel in chapter 5 .

The term “incidental expenses” means fees and tips given to porters, baggage carriers, hotel staff, and staff on ships.

Incidental expenses don’t include expenses for laundry, cleaning and pressing of clothing, lodging taxes, costs of telegrams or telephone calls, transportation between places of lodging or business and places where meals are taken, or the mailing cost of filing travel vouchers and paying employer-sponsored charge card billings.

You can use an optional method (instead of actual cost) for deducting incidental expenses only. The amount of the deduction is $5 a day. You can use this method only if you didn’t pay or incur any meal expenses. You can’t use this method on any day that you use the standard meal allowance. This method is subject to the proration rules for partial days. See Travel for days you depart and return , later, in this chapter.

The incidental-expenses-only method isn’t subject to the 50% limit discussed below.

If you use the standard meal allowance method for non-entertainment-related meal expenses and you aren’t reimbursed or you are reimbursed under a nonaccountable plan, you can generally deduct only 50% of the standard meal allowance. If you are reimbursed under an accountable plan and you are deducting amounts that are more than your reimbursements, you can deduct only 50% of the excess amount. The 50% Limit is discussed in more detail in chapter 2, and accountable and nonaccountable plans are discussed in chapter 6.

You can use the standard meal allowance whether you are an employee or self-employed, and whether or not you are reimbursed for your traveling expenses.

You can use the standard meal allowance to figure your meal expenses when you travel in connection with investment and other income-producing property. You can also use it to figure your meal expenses when you travel for qualifying educational purposes. You can’t use the standard meal allowance to figure the cost of your meals when you travel for medical or charitable purposes.

The standard meal allowance is the federal M&IE rate. For travel in 2023, the rate for most small localities in the United States is $59 per day.

Most major cities and many other localities in the United States are designated as high-cost areas, qualifying for higher standard meal allowances.

If you travel to more than one location in one day, use the rate in effect for the area where you stop for sleep or rest. If you work in the transportation industry, however, see Special rate for transportation workers , later.

Per diem rates are listed by the federal government's fiscal year, which runs from October 1 to September 30. You can choose to use the rates from the 2022 fiscal year per diem tables or the rates from the 2023 fiscal year tables, but you must consistently use the same tables for all travel you are reporting on your income tax return for the year. See Transition Rules , later.

The standard meal allowance rates above don’t apply to travel in Alaska, Hawaii, or any other location outside the continental United States. The Department of Defense establishes per diem rates for Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Midway, the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Wake Island, and other non-foreign areas outside the continental United States. The Department of State establishes per diem rates for all other foreign areas.

You can use a special standard meal allowance if you work in the transportation industry. You are in the transportation industry if your work:

Directly involves moving people or goods by airplane, barge, bus, ship, train, or truck; and

Regularly requires you to travel away from home and, during any single trip, usually involves travel to areas eligible for different standard meal allowance rates.

Using the special rate for transportation workers eliminates the need for you to determine the standard meal allowance for every area where you stop for sleep or rest. If you choose to use the special rate for any trip, you must use the special rate (and not use the regular standard meal allowance rates) for all trips you take that year.

For both the day you depart for and the day you return from a business trip, you must prorate the standard meal allowance (figure a reduced amount for each day). You can do so by one of two methods.

Method 1: You can claim 3 / 4 of the standard meal allowance.

Method 2: You can prorate using any method that you consistently apply and that is in accordance with reasonable business practice.

You are employed in New Orleans as a convention planner. In March, your employer sent you on a 3-day trip to Washington, DC, to attend a planning seminar. You left your home in New Orleans at 10 a.m. on Wednesday and arrived in Washington, DC, at 5:30 p.m. After spending 2 nights there, you flew back to New Orleans on Friday and arrived back home at 8 p.m. Your employer gave you a flat amount to cover your expenses and included it with your wages.

Under Method 1 , you can claim 2½ days of the standard meal allowance for Washington, DC: 3 / 4 of the daily rate for Wednesday and Friday (the days you departed and returned), and the full daily rate for Thursday.

Under Method 2 , you could also use any method that you apply consistently and that is in accordance with reasonable business practice. For example, you could claim 3 days of the standard meal allowance even though a federal employee would have to use Method 1 and be limited to only 2½ days.

Travel in the United States

The following discussion applies to travel in the United States. For this purpose, the United States includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The treatment of your travel expenses depends on how much of your trip was business related and on how much of your trip occurred within the United States. See Part of Trip Outside the United States , later.

You can deduct all of your travel expenses if your trip was entirely business related. If your trip was primarily for business and, while at your business destination, you extended your stay for a vacation, made a personal side trip, or had other personal activities, you can deduct only your business-related travel expenses. These expenses include the travel costs of getting to and from your business destination and any business-related expenses at your business destination.

You work in Atlanta and take a business trip to New Orleans in May. Your business travel totals 900 miles round trip. On your way home, you stop in Mobile to visit your parents. You spend $2,165 for the 9 days you are away from home for travel, non-entertainment-related meals, lodging, and other travel expenses. If you hadn’t stopped in Mobile, you would have been gone only 6 days, and your total cost would have been $1,633.50. You can deduct $1,633.50 for your trip, including the cost of round-trip transportation to and from New Orleans. The deduction for your non-entertainment-related meals is subject to the 50% limit on meals mentioned earlier.

If your trip was primarily for personal reasons, such as a vacation, the entire cost of the trip is a nondeductible personal expense. However, you can deduct any expenses you have while at your destination that are directly related to your business.

A trip to a resort or on a cruise ship may be a vacation even if the promoter advertises that it is primarily for business. The scheduling of incidental business activities during a trip, such as viewing videotapes or attending lectures dealing with general subjects, won’t change what is really a vacation into a business trip.

Part of Trip Outside the United States

If part of your trip is outside the United States, use the rules described later in this chapter under Travel Outside the United States for that part of the trip. For the part of your trip that is inside the United States, use the rules for travel in the United States. Travel outside the United States doesn’t include travel from one point in the United States to another point in the United States. The following discussion can help you determine whether your trip was entirely within the United States.

If you travel by public transportation, any place in the United States where that vehicle makes a scheduled stop is a point in the United States. Once the vehicle leaves the last scheduled stop in the United States on its way to a point outside the United States, you apply the rules under Travel Outside the United States , later.

You fly from New York to Puerto Rico with a scheduled stop in Miami. Puerto Rico isn’t considered part of the United States for purposes of travel. You return to New York nonstop. The flight from New York to Miami is in the United States, so only the flight from Miami to Puerto Rico is outside the United States. Because there are no scheduled stops between Puerto Rico and New York, all of the return trip is outside the United States.

Travel by private car in the United States is travel between points in the United States, even though you are on your way to a destination outside the United States.

You travel by car from Denver to Mexico City and return. Your travel from Denver to the border and from the border back to Denver is travel in the United States, and the rules in this section apply. The rules below under Travel Outside the United States apply to your trip from the border to Mexico City and back to the border.

Travel Outside the United States

If any part of your business travel is outside the United States, some of your deductions for the cost of getting to and from your destination may be limited. For this purpose, the United States includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

How much of your travel expenses you can deduct depends in part upon how much of your trip outside the United States was business related.

Travel Entirely for Business or Considered Entirely for Business

You can deduct all your travel expenses of getting to and from your business destination if your trip is entirely for business or considered entirely for business.

If you travel outside the United States and you spend the entire time on business activities, you can deduct all of your travel expenses.

Even if you didn’t spend your entire time on business activities, your trip is considered entirely for business if you meet at least one of the following four exceptions.

Your trip is considered entirely for business if you didn’t have substantial control over arranging the trip. The fact that you control the timing of your trip doesn’t, by itself, mean that you have substantial control over arranging your trip.

You don’t have substantial control over your trip if you:

Are an employee who was reimbursed or paid a travel expense allowance, and

Aren’t related to your employer, or

Aren’t a managing executive.

“Related to your employer” is defined later in chapter 6 under Per Diem and Car Allowances .

A “managing executive” is an employee who has the authority and responsibility, without being subject to the veto of another, to decide on the need for the business travel.

A self-employed person generally has substantial control over arranging business trips.

Your trip is considered entirely for business if you were outside the United States for a week or less, combining business and nonbusiness activities. One week means 7 consecutive days. In counting the days, don’t count the day you leave the United States, but do count the day you return to the United States.

You traveled to Brussels primarily for business. You left Denver on Tuesday and flew to New York. On Wednesday, you flew from New York to Brussels, arriving the next morning. On Thursday and Friday, you had business discussions, and from Saturday until Tuesday, you were sightseeing. You flew back to New York, arriving Wednesday afternoon. On Thursday, you flew back to Denver.

Although you were away from your home in Denver for more than a week, you weren’t outside the United States for more than a week. This is because the day you depart doesn’t count as a day outside the United States.

You can deduct your cost of the round-trip flight between Denver and Brussels. You can also deduct the cost of your stay in Brussels for Thursday and Friday while you conducted business. However, you can’t deduct the cost of your stay in Brussels from Saturday through Tuesday because those days were spent on nonbusiness activities.

Your trip is considered entirely for business if:

You were outside the United States for more than a week, and

You spent less than 25% of the total time you were outside the United States on nonbusiness activities.

You flew from Seattle to Tokyo, where you spent 14 days on business and 5 days on personal matters. You then flew back to Seattle. You spent 1 day flying in each direction.

Because only 5 / 21 (less than 25%) of your total time abroad was for nonbusiness activities, you can deduct as travel expenses what it would have cost you to make the trip if you hadn’t engaged in any nonbusiness activity. The amount you can deduct is the cost of the round-trip plane fare and 16 days of non-entertainment-related meals (subject to the 50% Limit ), lodging, and other related expenses.

Your trip is considered entirely for business if you can establish that a personal vacation wasn’t a major consideration, even if you have substantial control over arranging the trip.

Travel Primarily for Business

If you travel outside the United States primarily for business but spend some of your time on other activities, you generally can’t deduct all of your travel expenses. You can only deduct the business portion of your cost of getting to and from your destination. You must allocate the costs between your business and other activities to determine your deductible amount. See Travel allocation rules , later.

If your trip outside the United States was primarily for business, you must allocate your travel time on a day-to-day basis between business days and nonbusiness days. The days you depart from and return to the United States are both counted as days outside the United States.

To figure the deductible amount of your round-trip travel expenses, use the following fraction. The numerator (top number) is the total number of business days outside the United States. The denominator (bottom number) is the total number of business and nonbusiness days of travel.

Your business days include transportation days, days your presence was required, days you spent on business, and certain weekends and holidays.

Count as a business day any day you spend traveling to or from a business destination. However, if because of a nonbusiness activity you don’t travel by a direct route, your business days are the days it would take you to travel a reasonably direct route to your business destination. Extra days for side trips or nonbusiness activities can’t be counted as business days.

Count as a business day any day your presence is required at a particular place for a specific business purpose. Count it as a business day even if you spend most of the day on nonbusiness activities.

If your principal activity during working hours is the pursuit of your trade or business, count the day as a business day. Also, count as a business day any day you are prevented from working because of circumstances beyond your control.

Count weekends, holidays, and other necessary standby days as business days if they fall between business days. But if they follow your business meetings or activity and you remain at your business destination for nonbusiness or personal reasons, don’t count them as business days.

Your tax home is New York City. You travel to Quebec, where you have a business meeting on Friday. You have another meeting on the following Monday. Because your presence was required on both Friday and Monday, they are business days. Because the weekend is between business days, Saturday and Sunday are counted as business days. This is true even though you use the weekend for sightseeing, visiting friends, or other nonbusiness activity.

If, in Example 1 , you had no business in Quebec after Friday, but stayed until Monday before starting home, Saturday and Sunday would be nonbusiness days.

If you stopped for a vacation or other nonbusiness activity either on the way from the United States to your business destination, or on the way back to the United States from your business destination, you must allocate part of your travel expenses to the nonbusiness activity.

The part you must allocate is the amount it would have cost you to travel between the point where travel outside the United States begins and your nonbusiness destination and a return to the point where travel outside the United States ends.

You determine the nonbusiness portion of that expense by multiplying it by a fraction. The numerator (top number) of the fraction is the number of nonbusiness days during your travel outside the United States, and the denominator (bottom number) is the total number of days you spend outside the United States.

You live in New York. On May 4, you flew to Paris to attend a business conference that began on May 5. The conference ended at noon on May 14. That evening, you flew to Dublin where you visited with friends until the afternoon of May 21, when you flew directly home to New York. The primary purpose for the trip was to attend the conference.

If you hadn’t stopped in Dublin, you would have arrived home the evening of May 14. You don’t meet any of the exceptions that would allow you to consider your travel entirely for business. May 4 through May 14 (11 days) are business days and May 15 through May 21 (7 days) are nonbusiness days.

You can deduct the cost of your non-entertainment-related meals (subject to the 50% Limit ), lodging, and other business-related travel expenses while in Paris.

You can’t deduct your expenses while in Dublin. You also can’t deduct 7 / 18 of what it would have cost you to travel round trip between New York and Dublin.

You paid $750 to fly from New York to Paris, $400 to fly from Paris to Dublin, and $700 to fly from Dublin back to New York. Round-trip airfare from New York to Dublin would have been $1,250.

You figure the deductible part of your air travel expenses by subtracting 7 / 18 of the round-trip airfare and other expenses you would have had in traveling directly between New York and Dublin ($1,250 × 7 / 18 = $486) from your total expenses in traveling from New York to Paris to Dublin and back to New York ($750 + $400 + $700 = $1,850).

Your deductible air travel expense is $1,364 ($1,850 − $486).

If you had a vacation or other nonbusiness activity at, near, or beyond your business destination, you must allocate part of your travel expenses to the nonbusiness activity.

The part you must allocate is the amount it would have cost you to travel between the point where travel outside the United States begins and your business destination and a return to the point where travel outside the United States ends.

None of your travel expenses for nonbusiness activities at, near, or beyond your business destination are deductible.

Assume that the dates are the same as in the previous example but that instead of going to Dublin for your vacation, you fly to Venice, Italy, for a vacation.

You can’t deduct any part of the cost of your trip from Paris to Venice and return to Paris. In addition, you can’t deduct 7 / 18 of the airfare and other expenses from New York to Paris and back to New York.

You can deduct 11 / 18 of the round-trip plane fare and other travel expenses from New York to Paris, plus your non-entertainment-related meals (subject to the 50% Limit ), lodging, and any other business expenses you had in Paris. (Assume these expenses total $4,939.) If the round-trip plane fare and other travel-related expenses (such as food during the trip) are $1,750, you can deduct travel costs of $1,069 ( 11 / 18 × $1,750), plus the full $4,939 for the expenses you had in Paris.

You can use another method of counting business days if you establish that it more clearly reflects the time spent on other than business activities outside the United States.

If you travel outside the United States primarily for vacation or for investment purposes, the entire cost of the trip is a nondeductible personal expense. However, if you spend some time attending brief professional seminars or a continuing education program, you can deduct your registration fees and other expenses you have that are directly related to your business.

The university from which you graduated has a continuing education program for members of its alumni association. This program consists of trips to various foreign countries where academic exercises and conferences are set up to acquaint individuals in most occupations with selected facilities in several regions of the world. However, none of the conferences are directed toward specific occupations or professions. It is up to each participant to seek out specialists and organizational settings appropriate to their occupational interests.

Three-hour sessions are held each day over a 5-day period at each of the selected overseas facilities where participants can meet with individual practitioners. These sessions are composed of a variety of activities including workshops, mini-lectures, roleplaying, skill development, and exercises. Professional conference directors schedule and conduct the sessions. Participants can choose those sessions they wish to attend.

You can participate in this program because you are a member of the alumni association. You and your family take one of the trips. You spend about 2 hours at each of the planned sessions. The rest of the time you go touring and sightseeing with your family. The trip lasts less than 1 week.

Your travel expenses for the trip aren’t deductible since the trip was primarily a vacation. However, registration fees and any other incidental expenses you have for the five planned sessions you attended that are directly related and beneficial to your business are deductible business expenses. These expenses should be specifically stated in your records to ensure proper allocation of your deductible business expenses.

Luxury Water Travel

If you travel by ocean liner, cruise ship, or other form of luxury water transportation for business purposes, there is a daily limit on the amount you can deduct. The limit is twice the highest federal per diem rate allowable at the time of your travel. (Generally, the federal per diem is the amount paid to federal government employees for daily living expenses when they travel away from home within the United States for business purposes.)

The highest federal per diem rate allowed and the daily limit for luxury water travel in 2023 are shown in the following table.

You are a travel agent and traveled by ocean liner from New York to London, England, on business in May. Your expense for the 6-day cruise was $6,200. Your deduction for the cruise can’t exceed $4,776 (6 days × $796 daily limit).

If your expenses for luxury water travel include separately stated amounts for meals or entertainment, those amounts are subject to the 50% limit on non-entertainment-related meals and entertainment before you apply the daily limit. For a discussion of the 50% Limit , see chapter 2.

In the previous example, your luxury water travel had a total cost of $6,200. Of that amount, $3,700 was separately stated as non-entertainment-related meals and $1,000 was separately stated as entertainment. Considering that you are self-employed, you aren’t reimbursed for any of your travel expenses. You figure your deductible travel expenses as follows.

If your meal or entertainment charges aren’t separately stated or aren’t clearly identifiable, you don’t have to allocate any portion of the total charge to meals or entertainment.

The daily limit on luxury water travel (discussed earlier) doesn’t apply to expenses you have to attend a convention, seminar, or meeting on board a cruise ship. See Cruise Ships , later, under Conventions.

Conventions

You can deduct your travel expenses when you attend a convention if you can show that your attendance benefits your trade or business. You can’t deduct the travel expenses for your family.

If the convention is for investment, political, social, or other purposes unrelated to your trade or business, you can’t deduct the expenses.

The convention agenda or program generally shows the purpose of the convention. You can show your attendance at the convention benefits your trade or business by comparing the agenda with the official duties and responsibilities of your position. The agenda doesn’t have to deal specifically with your official duties and responsibilities; it will be enough if the agenda is so related to your position that it shows your attendance was for business purposes.

Conventions Held Outside the North American Area

You can’t deduct expenses for attending a convention, seminar, or similar meeting held outside the North American area unless:

The meeting is directly related to the active conduct of your trade or business, and

It is as reasonable to hold the meeting outside the North American area as within the North American area. See Reasonableness test , later.

The North American area includes the following locations.

The following factors are taken into account to determine if it was as reasonable to hold the meeting outside the North American area as within the North American area.

The purpose of the meeting and the activities taking place at the meeting.

The purposes and activities of the sponsoring organizations or groups.

The homes of the active members of the sponsoring organizations and the places at which other meetings of the sponsoring organizations or groups have been or will be held.

Other relevant factors you may present.

You can deduct up to $2,000 per year of your expenses of attending conventions, seminars, or similar meetings held on cruise ships. All ships that sail are considered cruise ships.

You can deduct these expenses only if all of the following requirements are met.

The convention, seminar, or meeting is directly related to the active conduct of your trade or business.

The cruise ship is a vessel registered in the United States.

All of the cruise ship's ports of call are in the United States or in territories of the United States.

You attach to your return a written statement signed by you that includes information about:

The total days of the trip (not including the days of transportation to and from the cruise ship port),

The number of hours each day that you devoted to scheduled business activities, and

A program of the scheduled business activities of the meeting.

You attach to your return a written statement signed by an officer of the organization or group sponsoring the meeting that includes:

A schedule of the business activities of each day of the meeting, and

The number of hours you attended the scheduled business activities.

2. Meals and Entertainment

You can no longer take a deduction for any expense related to activities generally considered entertainment, amusement, or recreation. You can continue to deduct 50% of the cost of business meals if you (or your employee) are present and the food or beverages aren't considered lavish or extravagant.

Entertainment

Entertainment—defined.

Entertainment includes any activity generally considered to provide entertainment, amusement, or recreation. Examples include entertaining guests at nightclubs; at social, athletic, and sporting clubs; at theaters; at sporting events; on yachts; or on hunting, fishing, vacation, and similar trips. Entertainment may also include meeting personal, living, or family needs of individuals, such as providing meals, a hotel suite, or a car to customers or their families.

Your kind of business may determine if a particular activity is considered entertainment. For example, if you are a dress designer and have a fashion show to introduce your new designs to store buyers, the show generally isn’t considered entertainment. This is because fashion shows are typical in your business. But, if you are an appliance distributor and hold a fashion show for the spouses of your retailers, the show is generally considered entertainment.

If you have one expense that includes the costs of entertainment and other services (such as lodging or transportation), you must allocate that expense between the cost of entertainment and the cost of other services. You must have a reasonable basis for making this allocation. For example, you must allocate your expenses if a hotel includes entertainment in its lounge on the same bill with your room charge.

In general, entertainment expenses are nondeductible. However, there are a few exceptions to the general rule, including:

Entertainment treated as compensation on your originally filed tax returns (and treated as wages to your employees);

Recreational expenses for employees such as a holiday party or a summer picnic;

Expenses related to attending business meetings or conventions of certain exempt organizations such as business leagues, chambers of commerce, professional associations, etc.; and

Entertainment sold to customers. For example, if you run a nightclub, your expenses for the entertainment you furnish to your customers, such as a floor show, aren’t subject to the nondeductible rules.

Examples of Nondeductible Entertainment

Generally, you can't deduct any expense for an entertainment event. This includes expenses for entertaining guests at nightclubs; at social, athletic, and sporting clubs; at theaters; at sporting events; on yachts; or on hunting, fishing, vacation, and similar trips.

Generally, you can’t deduct any expense for the use of an entertainment facility. This includes expenses for depreciation and operating costs such as rent, utilities, maintenance, and protection.

An entertainment facility is any property you own, rent, or use for entertainment. Examples include a yacht, hunting lodge, fishing camp, swimming pool, tennis court, bowling alley, car, airplane, apartment, hotel suite, or home in a vacation resort.

You can’t deduct dues (including initiation fees) for membership in any club organized for business, pleasure, recreation, or other social purposes.

This rule applies to any membership organization if one of its principal purposes is either:

To conduct entertainment activities for members or their guests; or

To provide members or their guests with access to entertainment facilities, discussed later.

The purposes and activities of a club, not its name, will determine whether or not you can deduct the dues. You can’t deduct dues paid to:

Country clubs,

Golf and athletic clubs,

Airline clubs,

Hotel clubs, and

Clubs operated to provide meals under circumstances generally considered to be conducive to business discussions.

Any item that might be considered either a gift or entertainment will generally be considered entertainment. However, if you give a customer packaged food or beverages that you intend the customer to use at a later date, treat it as a gift.

As discussed above, entertainment expenses are generally nondeductible. However, you may continue to deduct 50% of the cost of business meals if you (or an employee) is present and the food or beverages are not considered lavish or extravagant. The meals may be provided to a current or potential business customer, client, consultant, or similar business contact.

Food and beverages that are provided during entertainment events are not considered entertainment if purchased separately from the entertainment, or if the cost of the food and beverages is stated separately from the cost of the entertainment on one or more bills, invoices, or receipts. However, the entertainment disallowance rule may not be circumvented through inflating the amount charged for food and beverages.

Any allowed expense must be ordinary and necessary. An ordinary expense is one that is common and accepted in your trade or business. A necessary expense is one that is helpful and appropriate for your business. An expense doesn't have to be required to be considered necessary. Expenses must not be lavish or extravagant. An expense isn't considered lavish or extravagant if it is reasonable based on the facts and circumstances.

For each example, assume that the food and beverage expenses are ordinary and necessary expenses under section 162(a) paid or incurred during the tax year in carrying on a trade or business and are not lavish or extravagant under the circumstances. Also assume that the taxpayer and the business contact are not engaged in a trade or business that has any relation to the entertainment activity.

Taxpayer A invites B, a business contact, to a baseball game. A purchases tickets for A and B to attend the game. While at the game, A buys hot dogs and drinks for A and B. The baseball game is entertainment as defined in Regulations section 1.274-11(b)(1)(i) and, thus, the cost of the game tickets is an entertainment expense and is not deductible by A. The cost of the hot dogs and drinks, which are purchased separately from the game tickets, is not an entertainment expense and is not subject to the section 274(a)(1) disallowance. Therefore, A may deduct 50% of the expenses associated with the hot dogs and drinks purchased at the game.

Taxpayer C invites D, a business contact, to a basketball game. C purchases tickets for C and D to attend the game in a suite, where they have access to food and beverages. The cost of the basketball game tickets, as stated on the invoice, includes the food and beverages. The basketball game is entertainment as defined in Regulations section 1.274-11(b)(1)(i) and, thus, the cost of the game tickets is an entertainment expense and is not deductible by C. The cost of the food and beverages, which are not purchased separately from the game tickets, is not stated separately on the invoice. Thus, the cost of the food and beverages is also an entertainment expense that is subject to the section 274(a)(1) disallowance. Therefore, C may not deduct any of the expenses associated with the basketball game.

Assume the same facts as in Example 2 , except that the invoice for the basketball game tickets separately states the cost of the food and beverages. As in Example 2 , the basketball game is entertainment as defined in Regulations section 1.274-2(b)(1)(i) and, thus, the cost of the game tickets, other than the cost of the food and beverages, is an entertainment expense and is not deductible by C. However, the cost of the food and beverages, which is stated separately on the invoice for the game tickets, is not an entertainment expense and is not subject to the section 274(a)(1) disallowance. Therefore, C may deduct 50% of the expenses associated with the food and beverages provided at the game.

In general, you can deduct only 50% of your business-related meal expenses, unless an exception applies. (If you are subject to the Department of Transportation's “hours of service” limits, you can deduct 80% of your business-related meal expenses. See Individuals subject to hours of service limits , later.)

The 50% limit applies to employees or their employers, and to self-employed persons (including independent contractors) or their clients, depending on whether the expenses are reimbursed.

Examples of meals might include:

Meals while traveling away from home (whether eating alone or with others) on business, or

Meal at a business convention or business league meeting.

Figure A. Does the 50% Limit Apply to Your Expenses?

There are exceptions to these rules. See Exceptions to the 50% Limit for Meals , later.

Figure A. Does the 50% limit apply to Your Expenses?TAs for Figure A are: Notice 87-23; Form 2106 instructions

Summary: This is a flowchart used to determine if employees and self-employed persons need to put a 50% limit on their business expense deductions.

This is the starting of the flowchart.

Decision (1)

Were your meal and entertainment expenses reimbursed? (Count only reimbursements your employer didn’t include in box 1 of your Form W-2. If self-employed, count only reimbursements from clients or customers that aren’t included on Form 1099-MISC, Miscellaneous Income.)

Decision (2)

If an employee, did you adequately account to your employer under an accountable plan? If self-employed, did you provide the payer with adequate records? (See Chapter 6.)

Decision (3)

Did your expenses exceed the reimbursement?

Decision (4)

Process (a)

Your meal and entertainment expenses are NOT subject to the limitations. However, since the reimbursement wasn’t treated as wages or as other taxable income, you can’t deduct the expenses.

Process (b)

Your nonentertainment meal expenses ARE subject to the 50% limit. Your entertainment expenses are nondeductible.

This is the ending of the flowchart.

Please click here for the text description of the image.

Taxes and tips relating to a business meal are included as a cost of the meal and are subject to the 50% limit. However, the cost of transportation to and from the meal is not treated as part of the cost and would not be subject to the limit.

The 50% limit on meal expenses applies if the expense is otherwise deductible and isn’t covered by one of the exceptions discussed later. Figure A can help you determine if the 50% limit applies to you.

The 50% limit also applies to certain meal expenses that aren’t business related. It applies to meal expenses you have for the production of income, including rental or royalty income. It also applies to the cost of meals included in deductible educational expenses.

The 50% limit will apply after determining the amount that would otherwise qualify for a deduction. You first have to determine the amount of meal expenses that would be deductible under the other rules discussed in this publication.

If a group of business acquaintances takes turns picking up each others' meal checks primarily for personal reasons, without regard to whether any business purposes are served, no member of the group can deduct any part of the expense.

You spend $200 (including tax and tip) for a business meal. If $110 of that amount isn’t allowable because it is lavish and extravagant, the remaining $90 is subject to the 50% limit. Your deduction can’t be more than $45 (50% (0.50) × $90).

You purchase two tickets to a concert for $200 for you and your client. Your deduction is zero because no deduction is allowed for entertainment expenses.

Exception to the 50% Limit for Meals

Your meal expense isn’t subject to the 50% limit if the expense meets one of the following exceptions.

In general, expenses for goods, services, and facilities, to the extent the expenses are treated by the taxpayer, with respect to entertainment, amusement, or recreation, as compensation to an employee and as wages to the employee for tax purposes.

If you are an employee, you aren’t subject to the 50% limit on expenses for which your employer reimburses you under an accountable plan. Accountable plans are discussed in chapter 6.

If you are self-employed, your deductible meal expenses aren’t subject to the 50% limit if all of the following requirements are met.

You have these expenses as an independent contractor.

Your customer or client reimburses you or gives you an allowance for these expenses in connection with services you perform.

You provide adequate records of these expenses to your customer or client. (See chapter 5 .)

In this case, your client or customer is subject to the 50% limit on the expenses.

You are a self-employed attorney who adequately accounts for meal expenses to a client who reimburses you for these expenses. You aren’t subject to the limitation on meal expenses. If the client can deduct the expenses, the client is subject to the 50% limit.

If you (as an independent contractor) have expenses for meals related to providing services for a client but don’t adequately account for and seek reimbursement from the client for those expenses, you are subject to the 50% limit on non-entertainment-related meals and the entertainment-related meal expenses are nondeductible to you.

You aren't subject to the 50% limit for expenses for recreational, social, or similar activities (including facilities) such as a holiday party or a summer picnic.

You aren’t subject to the 50% limit if you provide meals to the general public as a means of advertising or promoting goodwill in the community. For example, neither the expense of sponsoring a television or radio show nor the expense of distributing free food and beverages to the general public is subject to the 50% limit.

You aren’t subject to the 50% limit if you actually sell meals to the public. For example, if you run a restaurant, your expense for the food you furnish to your customers isn’t subject to the 50% limit.

You can deduct a higher percentage of your meal expenses while traveling away from your tax home if the meals take place during or incident to any period subject to the Department of Transportation's “hours of service” limits. The percentage is 80%.

Individuals subject to the Department of Transportation's “hours of service” limits include the following persons.

Certain air transportation workers (such as pilots, crew, dispatchers, mechanics, and control tower operators) who are under Federal Aviation Administration regulations.

Interstate truck operators and bus drivers who are under Department of Transportation regulations.

Certain railroad employees (such as engineers, conductors, train crews, dispatchers, and control operations personnel) who are under Federal Railroad Administration regulations.

Certain merchant mariners who are under Coast Guard regulations.

If you give gifts in the course of your trade or business, you may be able to deduct all or part of the cost. This chapter explains the limits and rules for deducting the costs of gifts.

You can deduct no more than $25 for business gifts you give directly or indirectly to each person during your tax year. A gift to a company that is intended for the eventual personal use or benefit of a particular person or a limited class of people will be considered an indirect gift to that particular person or to the individuals within that class of people who receive the gift.

If you give a gift to a member of a customer's family, the gift is generally considered to be an indirect gift to the customer. This rule doesn’t apply if you have a bona fide, independent business connection with that family member and the gift isn’t intended for the customer's eventual use.

If you and your spouse both give gifts, both of you are treated as one taxpayer. It doesn’t matter whether you have separate businesses, are separately employed, or whether each of you has an independent connection with the recipient. If a partnership gives gifts, the partnership and the partners are treated as one taxpayer.

You sell products to a local company. You and your spouse gave the local company three gourmet gift baskets to thank them for their business. You and your spouse paid $80 for each gift basket, or $240 total. Three of the local company's executives took the gift baskets home for their families' use. You and your spouse have no independent business relationship with any of the executives' other family members. You and your spouse can deduct a total of $75 ($25 limit × 3) for the gift baskets.

Incidental costs, such as engraving on jewelry, or packaging, insuring, and mailing, are generally not included in determining the cost of a gift for purposes of the $25 limit.

A cost is incidental only if it doesn’t add substantial value to the gift. For example, the cost of gift wrapping is an incidental cost. However, the purchase of an ornamental basket for packaging fruit isn’t an incidental cost if the value of the basket is substantial compared to the value of the fruit.

The following items aren’t considered gifts for purposes of the $25 limit.

An item that costs $4 or less and:

Has your name clearly and permanently imprinted on the gift, and

Is one of a number of identical items you widely distribute. Examples include pens, desk sets, and plastic bags and cases.

Signs, display racks, or other promotional material to be used on the business premises of the recipient.

Figure B. When Are Transportation Expenses Deductible?

Most employees and self-employed persons can use this chart. (Don’t use this chart if your home is your principal place of business. See Office in the home , later.)

Figure B. When Are Local Transportation Expenses Deductible?TAs for Figure B are: Reg 1.162-1(a); RR 55–109; RR 94–47

Summary: This illustration depicts the rules used to determine if transportation expenses are deductible.

The image then lists definitions for words used in the graphic:

Any item that might be considered either a gift or entertainment will generally be considered entertainment. However, if you give a customer packaged food or beverages you intend the customer to use at a later date, treat it as a gift.

4. Transportation

This chapter discusses expenses you can deduct for business transportation when you aren’t traveling away from home , as defined in chapter 1. These expenses include the cost of transportation by air, rail, bus, taxi, etc., and the cost of driving and maintaining your car.

Transportation expenses include the ordinary and necessary costs of all of the following.

Getting from one workplace to another in the course of your business or profession when you are traveling within the city or general area that is your tax home. Tax home is defined in chapter 1.

Visiting clients or customers.

Going to a business meeting away from your regular workplace.

Getting from your home to a temporary workplace when you have one or more regular places of work. These temporary workplaces can be either within the area of your tax home or outside that area.

Daily transportation expenses you incur while traveling from home to one or more regular places of business are generally nondeductible commuting expenses. However, there may be exceptions to this general rule. You can deduct daily transportation expenses incurred going between your residence and a temporary work station outside the metropolitan area where you live. Also, daily transportation expenses can be deducted if (1) you have one or more regular work locations away from your residence; or (2) your residence is your principal place of business and you incur expenses going between the residence and another work location in the same trade or business, regardless of whether the work is temporary or permanent and regardless of the distance.

Illustration of transportation expenses.

Figure B above illustrates the rules that apply for deducting transportation expenses when you have a regular or main job away from your home. You may want to refer to it when deciding whether you can deduct your transportation expenses.

If you have one or more regular work locations away from your home and you commute to a temporary work location in the same trade or business, you can deduct the expenses of the daily round-trip transportation between your home and the temporary location, regardless of distance.

If your employment at a work location is realistically expected to last (and does in fact last) for 1 year or less, the employment is temporary unless there are facts and circumstances that would indicate otherwise.

If your employment at a work location is realistically expected to last for more than 1 year or if there is no realistic expectation that the employment will last for 1 year or less, the employment isn’t temporary, regardless of whether it actually lasts for more than 1 year.

If employment at a work location initially is realistically expected to last for 1 year or less, but at some later date the employment is realistically expected to last more than 1 year, that employment will be treated as temporary (unless there are facts and circumstances that would indicate otherwise) until your expectation changes. It won’t be treated as temporary after the date you determine it will last more than 1 year.

If the temporary work location is beyond the general area of your regular place of work and you stay overnight, you are traveling away from home. You may have deductible travel expenses, as discussed in chapter 1 .

If you have no regular place of work but ordinarily work in the metropolitan area where you live, you can deduct daily transportation costs between home and a temporary work site outside that metropolitan area.

Generally, a metropolitan area includes the area within the city limits and the suburbs that are considered part of that metropolitan area.

You can’t deduct daily transportation costs between your home and temporary work sites within your metropolitan area. These are nondeductible commuting expenses.

If you work at two places in 1 day, whether or not for the same employer, you can deduct the expense of getting from one workplace to the other. However, if for some personal reason you don’t go directly from one location to the other, you can’t deduct more than the amount it would have cost you to go directly from the first location to the second.

Transportation expenses you have in going between home and a part-time job on a day off from your main job are commuting expenses. You can’t deduct them.

A meeting of an Armed Forces reserve unit is a second place of business if the meeting is held on a day on which you work at your regular job. You can deduct the expense of getting from one workplace to the other as just discussed under Two places of work .

You usually can’t deduct the expense if the reserve meeting is held on a day on which you don’t work at your regular job. In this case, your transportation is generally a nondeductible commuting expense. However, you can deduct your transportation expenses if the location of the meeting is temporary and you have one or more regular places of work.

If you ordinarily work in a particular metropolitan area but not at any specific location and the reserve meeting is held at a temporary location outside that metropolitan area, you can deduct your transportation expenses.

If you travel away from home overnight to attend a guard or reserve meeting, you can deduct your travel expenses. These expenses are discussed in chapter 1 .

If you travel more than 100 miles away from home in connection with your performance of services as a member of the reserves, you may be able to deduct some of your reserve-related travel costs as an adjustment to gross income rather than as an itemized deduction. For more information, see Armed Forces Reservists Traveling More Than 100 Miles From Home under Special Rules in chapter 6.

You can’t deduct the costs of taking a bus, trolley, subway, or taxi, or of driving a car between your home and your main or regular place of work. These costs are personal commuting expenses. You can’t deduct commuting expenses no matter how far your home is from your regular place of work. You can’t deduct commuting expenses even if you work during the commuting trip.

You sometimes use your cell phone to make business calls while commuting to and from work. Sometimes business associates ride with you to and from work, and you have a business discussion in the car. These activities don’t change the trip from personal to business. You can’t deduct your commuting expenses.

Fees you pay to park your car at your place of business are nondeductible commuting expenses. You can, however, deduct business-related parking fees when visiting a customer or client.

Putting display material that advertises your business on your car doesn’t change the use of your car from personal use to business use. If you use this car for commuting or other personal uses, you still can’t deduct your expenses for those uses.

You can’t deduct the cost of using your car in a nonprofit car pool. Don’t include payments you receive from the passengers in your income. These payments are considered reimbursements of your expenses. However, if you operate a car pool for a profit, you must include payments from passengers in your income. You can then deduct your car expenses (using the rules in this publication).

Hauling tools or instruments in your car while commuting to and from work doesn’t make your car expenses deductible. However, you can deduct any additional costs you have for hauling tools or instruments (such as for renting a trailer you tow with your car).

If you get your work assignments at a union hall and then go to your place of work, the costs of getting from the union hall to your place of work are nondeductible commuting expenses. Although you need the union to get your work assignments, you are employed where you work, not where the union hall is located.

If you have an office in your home that qualifies as a principal place of business, you can deduct your daily transportation costs between your home and another work location in the same trade or business. (See Pub. 587, Business Use of Your Home, for information on determining if your home office qualifies as a principal place of business.)

The following examples show when you can deduct transportation expenses based on the location of your work and your home.

You regularly work in an office in the city where you live. Your employer sends you to a 1-week training session at a different office in the same city. You travel directly from your home to the training location and return each day. You can deduct the cost of your daily round-trip transportation between your home and the training location.

Your principal place of business is in your home. You can deduct the cost of round-trip transportation between your qualifying home office and your client's or customer's place of business.

You have no regular office, and you don’t have an office in your home. In this case, the location of your first business contact inside the metropolitan area is considered your office. Transportation expenses between your home and this first contact are nondeductible commuting expenses. Transportation expenses between your last business contact and your home are also nondeductible commuting expenses. While you can’t deduct the costs of these trips, you can deduct the costs of going from one client or customer to another.

Car Expenses

If you use your car for business purposes, you may be able to deduct car expenses. You can generally use one of the two following methods to figure your deductible expenses.

Actual car expenses.

The cost of using your car as an employee, whether measured using actual expenses or the standard mileage rate, will no longer be allowed to be claimed as an unreimbursed employee travel expense as a miscellaneous itemized deduction due to the suspension of miscellaneous itemized deductions that are subject to the 2% floor under section 67(a). The suspension applies to tax years beginning after December 2017 and before January 2026. Deductions for expenses that are deductible in determining adjusted gross income are not suspended. For example, Armed Forces reservists, qualified performing artists, and fee-basis state or local government officials are allowed to deduct unreimbursed employee travel expenses as an adjustment to total income on Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 12.

If you use actual expenses to figure your deduction for a car you lease, there are rules that affect the amount of your lease payments you can deduct. See Leasing a Car , later.

In this publication, “car” includes a van, pickup, or panel truck. For the definition of “car” for depreciation purposes, see Car defined under Actual Car Expenses , later.

Standard Mileage Rate

For 2023, the standard mileage rate for the cost of operating your car for business use is 65.5 cents ($0.655) per mile.

You can generally use the standard mileage rate whether or not you are reimbursed and whether or not any reimbursement is more or less than the amount figured using the standard mileage rate. See chapter 6 for more information on reimbursements .

If you want to use the standard mileage rate for a car you own, you must choose to use it in the first year the car is available for use in your business. Then, in later years, you can choose to use either the standard mileage rate or actual expenses.

If you want to use the standard mileage rate for a car you lease, you must use it for the entire lease period. For leases that began on or before December 31, 1997, the standard mileage rate must be used for the entire portion of the lease period (including renewals) that is after 1997.

You must make the choice to use the standard mileage rate by the due date (including extensions) of your return. You can’t revoke the choice. However, in later years, you can switch from the standard mileage rate to the actual expenses method. If you change to the actual expenses method in a later year, but before your car is fully depreciated, you have to estimate the remaining useful life of the car and use straight line depreciation for the car’s remaining estimated useful life, subject to depreciation limits (discussed later).

For more information about depreciation included in the standard mileage rate, see Exception under Methods of depreciation , later.

You can’t use the standard mileage rate if you:

Use five or more cars at the same time (such as in fleet operations);

Claimed a depreciation deduction for the car using any method other than straight line for the car’s estimated useful life;

Used the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) (as discussed later under Depreciation Deduction );

Claimed a section 179 deduction (discussed later) on the car;

Claimed the special depreciation allowance on the car; or

Claimed actual car expenses after 1997 for a car you leased.

You can elect to use the standard mileage rate if you used a car for hire (such as a taxi) unless the standard mileage rate is otherwise not allowed, as discussed above.

If you own or lease five or more cars that are used for business at the same time, you can’t use the standard mileage rate for the business use of any car. However, you may be able to deduct your actual expenses for operating each of the cars in your business. See Actual Car Expenses , later, for information on how to figure your deduction.

You aren’t using five or more cars for business at the same time if you alternate using (use at different times) the cars for business.

The following examples illustrate the rules for when you can and can’t use the standard mileage rate for five or more cars.

A salesperson owns three cars and two vans that they alternate using for calling on their customers. The salesperson can use the standard mileage rate for the business mileage of the three cars and the two vans because they don’t use them at the same time.

You and your employees use your four pickup trucks in your landscaping business. During the year, you traded in two of your old trucks for two newer ones. You can use the standard mileage rate for the business mileage of all six of the trucks you owned during the year.

You own a repair shop and an insurance business. You and your employees use your two pickup trucks and van for the repair shop. You alternate using your two cars for the insurance business. No one else uses the cars for business purposes. You can use the standard mileage rate for the business use of the pickup trucks, the van, and the cars because you never have more than four vehicles used for business at the same time.

You own a car and four vans that are used in your housecleaning business. Your employees use the vans, and you use the car to travel to various customers. You can’t use the standard mileage rate for the car or the vans. This is because all five vehicles are used in your business at the same time. You must use actual expenses for all vehicles.

If you are an employee, you can’t deduct any interest paid on a car loan. This applies even if you use the car 100% for business as an employee.

However, if you are self-employed and use your car in your business, you can deduct that part of the interest expense that represents your business use of the car. For example, if you use your car 60% for business, you can deduct 60% of the interest on Schedule C (Form 1040). You can’t deduct the part of the interest expense that represents your personal use of the car.

If you itemize your deductions on Schedule A (Form 1040), you can deduct on line 5c state and local personal property taxes on motor vehicles. You can take this deduction even if you use the standard mileage rate or if you don’t use the car for business.

If you are self-employed and use your car in your business, you can deduct the business part of state and local personal property taxes on motor vehicles on Schedule C (Form 1040), or Schedule F (Form 1040). If you itemize your deductions, you can include the remainder of your state and local personal property taxes on the car on Schedule A (Form 1040).

In addition to using the standard mileage rate, you can deduct any business-related parking fees and tolls. (Parking fees you pay to park your car at your place of work are nondeductible commuting expenses.)

If you sell, trade in, or otherwise dispose of your car, you may have a gain or loss on the transaction or an adjustment to the basis of your new car. See Disposition of a Car , later.

Actual Car Expenses

If you don’t use the standard mileage rate, you may be able to deduct your actual car expenses.

Actual car expenses include:

If you have fully depreciated a car that you still use in your business, you can continue to claim your other actual car expenses. Continue to keep records, as explained later in chapter 5 .

If you use your car for both business and personal purposes, you must divide your expenses between business and personal use. You can divide your expense based on the miles driven for each purpose.

You are a contractor and drive your car 20,000 miles during the year: 12,000 miles for business use and 8,000 miles for personal use. You can claim only 60% (12,000 ÷ 20,000) of the cost of operating your car as a business expense.

If you use a vehicle provided by your employer for business purposes, you can deduct your actual unreimbursed car expenses. You can’t use the standard mileage rate. See Vehicle Provided by Your Employer in chapter 6.

If you are an employee, you can’t deduct any interest paid on a car loan. This interest is treated as personal interest and isn’t deductible. If you are self-employed and use your car in that business, see Interest , earlier, under Standard Mileage Rate.

If you are an employee, you can deduct personal property taxes paid on your car if you itemize deductions. Enter the amount paid on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 5c.

Generally, sales taxes on your car are part of your car's basis and are recovered through depreciation, discussed later.

You can’t deduct fines you pay or collateral you forfeit for traffic violations.

If your car is damaged, destroyed, or stolen, you may be able to deduct part of the loss not covered by insurance. See Pub. 547, Casualties, Disasters, and Thefts, for information on deducting a loss on your car.

Generally, the cost of a car, plus sales tax and improvements, is a capital expense. Because the benefits last longer than 1 year, you generally can’t deduct a capital expense. However, you can recover this cost through the section 179 deduction (the deduction allowed by section 179 of the Internal Revenue Code), special depreciation allowance, and depreciation deductions. Depreciation allows you to recover the cost over more than 1 year by deducting part of it each year. The section 179 deduction , special depreciation allowance , and depreciation deductions are discussed later.

Generally, there are limits on these deductions. Special rules apply if you use your car 50% or less in your work or business.

You can claim a section 179 deduction and use a depreciation method other than straight line only if you don’t use the standard mileage rate to figure your business-related car expenses in the year you first place a car in service.

If, in the year you first place a car in service, you claim either a section 179 deduction or use a depreciation method other than straight line for its estimated useful life, you can’t use the standard mileage rate on that car in any future year.

For depreciation purposes, a car is any four-wheeled vehicle (including a truck or van) made primarily for use on public streets, roads, and highways. Its unloaded gross vehicle weight (for trucks and vans, gross vehicle weight) must not be more than 6,000 pounds. A car includes any part, component, or other item physically attached to it or usually included in the purchase price.

A car doesn’t include:

An ambulance, hearse, or combination ambulance-hearse used directly in a business;

A vehicle used directly in the business of transporting persons or property for pay or hire; or

A truck or van that is a qualified nonpersonal use vehicle.

These are vehicles that by their nature aren’t likely to be used more than a minimal amount for personal purposes. They include trucks and vans that have been specially modified so that they aren’t likely to be used more than a minimal amount for personal purposes, such as by installation of permanent shelving and painting the vehicle to display advertising or the company's name. Delivery trucks with seating only for the driver, or only for the driver plus a folding jump seat, are qualified nonpersonal use vehicles.

See Depreciation Deduction , later, for more information on how to depreciate your vehicle.

Section 179 Deduction

You can elect to recover all or part of the cost of a car that is qualifying section 179 property, up to a limit, by deducting it in the year you place the property in service. This is the section 179 deduction. If you elect the section 179 deduction, you must reduce your depreciable basis in the car by the amount of the section 179 deduction.

You can claim the section 179 deduction only in the year you place the car in service. For this purpose, a car is placed in service when it is ready and available for a specifically assigned use in a trade or business. Even if you aren’t using the property, it is in service when it is ready and available for its specifically assigned use.

A car first used for personal purposes can’t qualify for the deduction in a later year when its use changes to business.

In 2022, you bought a new car and used it for personal purposes. In 2023, you began to use it for business. Changing its use to business use doesn’t qualify the cost of your car for a section 179 deduction in 2023. However, you can claim a depreciation deduction for the business use of the car starting in 2023. See Depreciation Deduction , later.

You must use the property more than 50% for business to claim any section 179 deduction. If you used the property more than 50% for business, multiply the cost of the property by the percentage of business use. The result is the cost of the property that can qualify for the section 179 deduction.

You purchased a new car in April 2023 for $24,500 and used it 60% for business. Based on your business usage, the total cost of your car that qualifies for the section 179 deduction is $14,700 ($24,500 cost × 60% (0.60) business use). But see Limit on total section 179, special depreciation allowance, and depreciation deduction , discussed later.

There are limits on:

The amount of the section 179 deduction;

The section 179 deduction for sport utility and certain other vehicles; and

The total amount of the section 179 deduction, special depreciation allowance, and depreciation deduction (discussed later ) you can claim for a qualified property.

For tax years beginning in 2023, the total amount you can elect to deduct under section 179 can’t be more than $1,160,000.

If the cost of your section 179 property placed in service in tax years beginning in 2023 is over $2,890,000, you must reduce the $1,160,000 dollar limit (but not below zero) by the amount of cost over $2,890,000. If the cost of your section 179 property placed in service during tax years beginning in 2023 is $4,050,000 or more, you can’t take a section 179 deduction.

The total amount you can deduct under section 179 each year after you apply the limits listed above cannot be more than the taxable income from the active conduct of any trade or business during the year.

If you are married and file a joint return, you and your spouse are treated as one taxpayer in determining any reduction to the dollar limit, regardless of which of you purchased the property or placed it in service.

If you and your spouse file separate returns, you are treated as one taxpayer for the dollar limit. You must allocate the dollar limit (after any reduction) between you.

For more information on the above section 179 deduction limits, see Pub. 946, How To Depreciate Property.

You cannot elect to deduct more than $28,900 of the cost of any heavy sport utility vehicle (SUV) and certain other vehicles placed in service during the tax years beginning in 2023. This rule applies to any four-wheeled vehicle primarily designed or used to carry passengers over public streets, roads, or highways that isn’t subject to any of the passenger automobile limits explained under Depreciation Limits , later, and that is rated at more than 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight and not more than 14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight. However, the $28,900 limit doesn’t apply to any vehicle:

Designed to have a seating capacity of more than nine persons behind the driver's seat;

Equipped with a cargo area of at least 6 feet in interior length that is an open area or is designed for use as an open area but is enclosed by a cap and isn’t readily accessible directly from the passenger compartment; or

That has an integral enclosure, fully enclosing the driver compartment and load carrying device, doesn’t have seating rearward of the driver's seat, and has no body section protruding more than 30 inches ahead of the leading edge of the windshield.

The first-year limit on the depreciation deduction, special depreciation allowance, and section 179 deduction for vehicles acquired before September 28, 2017, and placed in service during 2023, is $12,200. The first-year limit on depreciation, special depreciation allowance, and section 179 deduction for vehicles acquired after September 27, 2017, and placed in service during 2023 increases to $20,200. If you elect not to claim a special depreciation allowance for a vehicle placed in service in 2023, the amount increases to $12,200. The limit is reduced if your business use of the vehicle is less than 100%. See Depreciation Limits , later, for more information.

In the earlier example under More than 50% business use requirement , you had a car with a cost (for purposes of the section 179 deduction) of $14,700. However, based on your business usage of the car, the total of your section 179 deduction, special depreciation allowance, and depreciation deductions is limited to $12,120 ($20,200 limit x 60% (0.60) business use) because the car was acquired after September 27, 2017, and placed in service during 2023.

For purposes of the section 179 deduction, the cost of the car doesn’t include any amount figured by reference to any other property held by you at any time. For example, if you buy a car as a replacement for a car that was stolen or that was destroyed in a casualty loss, and you use section 1033 to determine the basis in your replacement vehicle, your cost for purposes of the section 179 deduction doesn’t include your adjusted basis in the relinquished car. In that case, your cost includes only the cash you paid.

The amount of the section 179 deduction reduces your basis in your car. If you choose the section 179 deduction, you must subtract the amount of the deduction from the cost of your car. The resulting amount is the basis in your car you use to figure your depreciation deduction.

If you want to take the section 179 deduction, you must make the election in the tax year you place the car in service for business or work.

Employees use Form 2106, Employee Business Expenses, to make the election and report the section 179 deduction. All others use Form 4562, Depreciation and Amortization, to make an election.

File the appropriate form with either of the following.

Your original tax return filed for the year the property was placed in service (whether or not you file it timely).

An amended return filed within the time prescribed by law. An election made on an amended return must specify the item of section 179 property to which the election applies and the part of the cost of each such item to be taken into account. The amended return must also include any resulting adjustments to taxable income.

An election (or any specification made in the election) to take a section 179 deduction for 2023 can only be revoked with the Commissioner's approval.

To be eligible to claim the section 179 deduction, you must use your car more than 50% for business or work in the year you acquired it. If your business use of the car is 50% or less in a later tax year during the recovery period, you have to recapture (include in income) in that later year any excess depreciation. Any section 179 deduction claimed on the car is included in figuring the excess depreciation. For information on this calculation, see Excess depreciation , later in this chapter under Car Used 50% or Less for Business. For more information on recapture of a section 179 deduction, see Pub. 946.

If you dispose of a car on which you had claimed the section 179 deduction, the amount of that deduction is treated as a depreciation deduction for recapture purposes. You treat any gain on the disposition of the property as ordinary income up to the amount of the section 179 deduction and any allowable depreciation (unless you establish the amount actually allowed). For information on the disposition of a car, see Disposition of a Car , later. For more information on recapture of a section 179 deduction, see Pub. 946.

Special Depreciation Allowance

You may be able to claim the special depreciation allowance for your car, truck, or van if it is qualified property and was placed in service in 2023. The allowance for 2023 is an additional depreciation deduction for 100% of the car's depreciable basis (after any section 179 deduction, but before figuring your regular depreciation deduction under MACRS) if the vehicle was acquired after September 27, 2017, and placed in service during 2023. Further, while it applies to a new vehicle, it also applies to a used vehicle only if the vehicle meets the used property requirements. For more information on the used property requirements, see section 168(k)(2)(E)(ii). To qualify for the allowance, more than 50% of the use of the car must be in a qualified business use (as defined under Depreciation Deduction , later).

The first-year limit on the depreciation deduction, special depreciation allowance, and section 179 deduction for vehicles acquired before September 28, 2017, and placed in service during 2023, is $12,200. Your combined section 179 depreciation, special depreciation allowance, and regular MACRS depreciation deduction is limited to the maximum allowable depreciation deduction for vehicles acquired after September 27, 2017, and placed in service during 2023 is $20,200. If you elect not to claim a special depreciation allowance for a vehicle placed in service in 2023, the amount is $12,200. See Depreciation Limits , later in this chapter.

To be qualified property, the car (including the truck or van) must meet all of the following tests.

You acquired the car after September 27, 2017, but only if no written binding contract to acquire the car existed before September 28, 2017.

You acquired the car new or used.

You placed the car in service in your trade or business before January 1, 2027.

You used the car more than 50% in a qualified business use during the tax year.

You can elect not to claim the special depreciation allowance for your car, truck, or van that is qualified property. If you make this election, it applies to all 5-year property placed in service during the year.

To make this election, attach a statement to your timely filed return (including extensions) indicating the class of property (5-year for cars) for which you are making the election and that you are electing not to claim the special depreciation allowance for qualified property in that class of property.

Depreciation Deduction

If you use actual car expenses to figure your deduction for a car you own and use in your business, you can claim a depreciation deduction. This means you can deduct a certain amount each year as a recovery of your cost or other basis in your car.

You generally need to know the following things about the car you intend to depreciate.

Your basis in the car.

The date you place the car in service.

The method of depreciation and recovery period you will use.

Your basis in a car for figuring depreciation is generally its cost. This includes any amount you borrow or pay in cash, other property, or services.

Generally, you figure depreciation on your car, truck, or van using your unadjusted basis (see Unadjusted basis , later). However, in some situations, you will use your adjusted basis (your basis reduced by depreciation allowed or allowable in earlier years). For one of these situations, see Exception under Methods of depreciation , later.

If you change the use of a car from personal to business, your basis for depreciation is the lesser of the fair market value or your adjusted basis in the car on the date of conversion. Additional rules concerning basis are discussed later in this chapter under Unadjusted basis .

You generally place a car in service when it is available for use in your work or business, in an income-producing activity, or in a personal activity. Depreciation begins when the car is placed in service for use in your work or business or for the production of income.

For purposes of figuring depreciation, if you first start using the car only for personal use and later convert it to business use, you place the car in service on the date of conversion.

If you place a car in service and dispose of it in the same tax year, you can’t claim any depreciation deduction for that car.

Generally, you figure depreciation on cars using the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery (MACRS) discussed later in this chapter.

If you used the standard mileage rate in the first year of business use and change to the actual expenses method in a later year, you can’t depreciate your car under the MACRS rules. You must use straight line depreciation over the estimated remaining useful life of the car. The amount you depreciate can’t be more than the depreciation limit that applies for that year. See Depreciation Limits , later.

To figure depreciation under the straight line method, you must reduce your basis in the car (but not below zero) by a set rate per mile for all miles for which you used the standard mileage rate. The rate per mile varies depending on the year(s) you used the standard mileage rate. For the rate(s) to use, see Depreciation adjustment when you used the standard mileage rate under Disposition of a Car , later.

This reduction of basis is in addition to those basis adjustments described later under Unadjusted basis . You must use your adjusted basis in your car to figure your depreciation deduction. For additional information on the straight line method of depreciation, see Pub. 946.

Generally, you must use your car more than 50% for qualified business use (defined next) during the year to use MACRS. You must meet this more-than-50%-use test each year of the recovery period (6 years under MACRS) for your car.

If your business use is 50% or less, you must use the straight line method to depreciate your car. This is explained later under Car Used 50% or Less for Business .

A qualified business use is any use in your trade or business. It doesn’t include use for the production of income (investment use), or use provided under lease to, or as compensation to, a 5% owner or related person. However, you do combine your business and investment use to figure your depreciation deduction for the tax year.

Don’t treat any use of your car by another person as use in your trade or business unless that use meets one of the following conditions.

It is directly connected with your business.

It is properly reported by you as income to the other person (and, if you have to, you withhold tax on the income).

It results in a payment of fair market rent. This includes any payment to you for the use of your car.

If you used your car more than 50% in qualified business use in the year you placed it in service, but 50% or less in a later year (including the year of disposition), you have to change to the straight line method of depreciation. See Qualified business use 50% or less in a later year under Car Used 50% or Less for Business , later.

If you use your car for more than one purpose during the tax year, you must allocate the use to the various purposes. You do this on the basis of mileage. Figure the percentage of qualified business use by dividing the number of miles you drive your car for business purposes during the year by the total number of miles you drive the car during the year for any purpose.

If you change the use of a car from 100% personal use to business use during the tax year, you may not have mileage records for the time before the change to business use. In this case, you figure the percentage of business use for the year as follows.

Determine the percentage of business use for the period following the change. Do this by dividing business miles by total miles driven during that period.

Multiply the percentage in (1) by a fraction. The numerator (top number) is the number of months the car is used for business, and the denominator (bottom number) is 12.

You use a car only for personal purposes during the first 6 months of the year. During the last 6 months of the year, you drive the car a total of 15,000 miles of which 12,000 miles are for business. This gives you a business use percentage of 80% (12,000 ÷ 15,000) for that period. Your business use for the year is 40% (80% (0.80) × 6 / 12 ).

The amount you can claim for section 179, special depreciation allowance, and depreciation deductions may be limited. The maximum amount you can claim depends on the year in which you placed your car in service. You have to reduce the maximum amount if you did not use the car exclusively for business. See Depreciation Limits , later.

You use your unadjusted basis (often referred to as your basis or your basis for depreciation) to figure your depreciation using the MACRS depreciation chart, explained later under Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) . Your unadjusted basis for figuring depreciation is your original basis increased or decreased by certain amounts.

To figure your unadjusted basis, begin with your car's original basis, which is generally its cost. Cost includes sales taxes (see Sales taxes , earlier), destination charges, and dealer preparation. Increase your basis by any substantial improvements you make to your car, such as adding air conditioning or a new engine. Decrease your basis by any section 179 deduction, special depreciation allowance, gas guzzler tax, and vehicle credits claimed. See Pub. 551, Basis of Assets, for further details.

If you acquired the car by gift or inheritance, see Pub. 551, Basis of Assets, for information on your basis in the car.

A major improvement to a car is treated as a new item of 5-year recovery property. It is treated as placed in service in the year the improvement is made. It doesn’t matter how old the car is when the improvement is added. Follow the same steps for depreciating the improvement as you would for depreciating the original cost of the car. However, you must treat the improvement and the car as a whole when applying the limits on the depreciation deductions. Your car's depreciation deduction for the year (plus any section 179 deduction, special depreciation allowance, and depreciation on any improvements) can’t be more than the depreciation limit that applies for that year. See Depreciation Limits , later.

If you traded one car (the “old car”) for another car (the “new car”) in 2023, you must treat the transaction as a disposition of the old car and the purchase of the new car. You must treat the old car as disposed of at the time of the trade-in. The depreciable basis of the new car is the adjusted basis of the old car (figured as if 100% of the car’s use had been for business purposes) plus any additional amount you paid for the new car. You then figure your depreciation deduction for the new car beginning with the date you placed it in service. You must also complete Form 2106, Part II, Section D. This method is explained later, beginning at Effect of trade-in on basis .

The discussion that follows applies to trade-ins of cars in 2023, where the election was made to treat the transaction as a disposition of the old car and the purchase of the new car. For information on how to figure depreciation for cars involved in a like-kind exchange (trade-in) in 2023, for which the election wasn’t made, see Pub. 946 and Regulations section 1.168(i)-6(d)(3).

Like‐kind exchanges completed after December 31, 2017, are generally limited to exchanges of real property not held primarily for sale. Regulations section 1.168(i)-6 doesn't reflect this change in law.

If you trade in a car you used only in your business for another car that will be used only in your business, your original basis in the new car is your adjusted basis in the old car, plus any additional amount you pay for the new car.

You trade in a car that has an adjusted basis of $5,000 for a new car. In addition, you pay cash of $20,000 for the new car. Your original basis of the new car is $25,000 (your $5,000 adjusted basis in the old car plus the $20,000 cash paid). Your unadjusted basis is $25,000 unless you claim the section 179 deduction, special depreciation allowance, or have other increases or decreases to your original basis, discussed under Unadjusted basis , earlier.

If you trade in a car you used partly in your business for a new car you will use in your business, you must make a “trade-in” adjustment for the personal use of the old car. This adjustment has the effect of reducing your basis in your old car, but not below zero, for purposes of figuring your depreciation deduction for the new car. (This adjustment isn’t used, however, when you determine the gain or loss on the later disposition of the new car. See Pub. 544, Sales and Other Dispositions of Assets, for information on how to report the disposition of your car.)

To figure the unadjusted basis of your new car for depreciation, first add to your adjusted basis in the old car any additional amount you pay for the new car. Then subtract from that total the excess, if any, of:

The total of the amounts that would have been allowable as depreciation during the tax years before the trade if 100% of the use of the car had been business and investment use, over

The total of the amounts actually allowed as depreciation during those years.

MACRS is the name given to the tax rules for getting back (recovering) through depreciation deductions the cost of property used in a trade or business or to produce income.

The maximum amount you can deduct is limited, depending on the year you placed your car in service. See Depreciation Limits , later.

Under MACRS, cars are classified as 5-year property. You actually depreciate the cost of a car, truck, or van over a period of 6 calendar years. This is because your car is generally treated as placed in service in the middle of the year, and you claim depreciation for one-half of both the first year and the sixth year.

For more information on the qualifications for this shorter recovery period and the percentages to use in figuring the depreciation deduction, see chapter 4 of Pub. 946.

You can use one of the following methods to depreciate your car.

The 200% declining balance method (200% DB) over a 5-year recovery period that switches to the straight line method when that method provides an equal or greater deduction.

The 150% declining balance method (150% DB) over a 5-year recovery period that switches to the straight line method when that method provides an equal or greater deduction.

The straight line method (SL) over a 5-year recovery period.

Before choosing a method, you may wish to consider the following facts.

Using the straight line method provides equal yearly deductions throughout the recovery period.

Using the declining balance methods provides greater deductions during the earlier recovery years with the deductions generally getting smaller each year.

A 2023 MACRS Depreciation Chart and instructions are included in this chapter as Table 4-1 . Using this table will make it easy for you to figure the 2023 depreciation deduction for your car. A similar chart appears in the Instructions for Form 2106.

You must use the Depreciation Tables in Pub. 946 rather than the 2023 MACRS Depreciation Chart in this publication if any one of the following three conditions applies to you.

You file your return on a fiscal year basis.

You file your return for a short tax year (less than 12 months).

During the year, all of the following conditions apply.

You placed some property in service from January through September.

You placed some property in service from October through December.

Your basis in the property you placed in service from October through December (excluding nonresidential real property, residential rental property, and property placed in service and disposed of in the same year) was more than 40% of your total bases in all property you placed in service during the year.

If you use the percentages from the chart, you generally must continue to use them for the entire recovery period of your car. However, you can’t continue to use the chart if your basis in your car is adjusted because of a casualty. In that case, for the year of the adjustment and the remaining recovery period, figure the depreciation without the chart using your adjusted basis in the car at the end of the year of the adjustment and over the remaining recovery period. See Figuring the Deduction Without Using the Tables in chapter 4 of Pub. 946.

If you dispose of the car before the last year of the recovery period, you are generally allowed a half-year of depreciation in the year of disposition. This rule applies unless the mid-quarter convention applies to the vehicle being disposed of. See Depreciation deduction for the year of disposition under Disposition of a Car , later, for information on how to figure the depreciation allowed in the year of disposition.

To figure your depreciation deduction for 2023, find the percentage in the column of Table 4-1 based on the date that you first placed the car in service and the depreciation method that you are using. Multiply the unadjusted basis of your car (defined earlier) by that percentage to determine the amount of your depreciation deduction. If you prefer to figure your depreciation deduction without the help of the chart, see Pub. 946.

You bought a used truck in February 2022 to use exclusively in your landscape business. You paid $9,200 for the truck with no trade-in. You didn’t claim any section 179 deduction, the truck didn’t qualify for the special depreciation allowance, and you chose to use the 200% DB method to get the largest depreciation deduction in the early years.

You used the MACRS Depreciation Chart in 2022 to find your percentage. The unadjusted basis of the truck equals its cost because you used it exclusively for business. You multiplied the unadjusted basis of the truck, $9,200, by the percentage that applied, 20%, to figure your 2022 depreciation deduction of $1,840.

In 2023, you used the truck for personal purposes when you repaired your parent’s cabin. Your records show that the business use of the truck was 90% in 2023. You used Table 4-1 to find your percentage. Reading down the first column for the date placed in service and across to the 200% DB column, you locate your percentage, 32%. You multiply the unadjusted basis of the truck, $8,280 ($9,200 cost × 90% (0.90) business use), by 32% (0.32) to figure your 2023 depreciation deduction of $2,650.

Depreciation Limits

There are limits on the amount you can deduct for depreciation of your car, truck, or van. The section 179 deduction and special depreciation allowance are treated as depreciation for purposes of the limits. The maximum amount you can deduct each year depends on the date you acquired the passenger automobile and the year you place the passenger automobile in service. These limits are shown in the following tables for 2023.

Maximum Depreciation Deduction for Passenger Automobiles (Including Trucks and Vans) Acquired Before September 28, 2017, and Placed in Service During 2018–2023

Maximum depreciation deduction for passenger automobiles (including trucks and vans) acquired after september 27, 2017, and placed in service during 2018 or later.

The maximum amount you can deduct each year depends on the year you place the car in service. These limits are shown in the following tables for prior years.

Maximum Depreciation Deduction for Cars Placed in Service Prior to 2018

For tax years prior to 2018, the maximum depreciation deductions for trucks and vans are generally higher than those for cars. A truck or van is a passenger automobile that is classified by the manufacturer as a truck or van and rated at 6,000 pounds gross vehicle weight or less.

Maximum Depreciation Deduction for Trucks and Vans Placed in Service Prior to 2018

The depreciation limits aren’t reduced if you use a car for less than a full year. This means that you don’t reduce the limit when you either place a car in service or dispose of a car during the year. However, the depreciation limits are reduced if you don’t use the car exclusively for business and investment purposes. See Reduction for personal use next.

The depreciation limits are reduced based on your percentage of personal use. If you use a car less than 100% in your business or work, you must determine the depreciation deduction limit by multiplying the limit amount by the percentage of business and investment use during the tax year.

The section 179 deduction is treated as a depreciation deduction. If you acquired a passenger automobile (including trucks and vans) after September 27, 2017, and placed it in service in 2023, use it only for business, and choose the section 179 deduction, the special depreciation allowance and depreciation deduction for that vehicle for 2023 is limited to $20,200.

On September 4, 2023, you bought and placed in service a used car for $15,000. You used it 80% for your business, and you choose to take a section 179 deduction for the car. The car isn’t qualified property for purposes of the special depreciation allowance.

Before applying the limit, you figure your maximum section 179 deduction to be $12,000. This is the cost of your qualifying property (up to the maximum $1,160,000 amount) multiplied by your business use ($15,000 × 80% (0.80)).

You then figure that your section 179 deduction for 2023 is limited to $9,760 (80% of $12,200). You then figure your unadjusted basis of $2,440 (($15,000 × 80% (0.80)) − $9,760) for determining your depreciation deduction. You have reached your maximum depreciation deduction for 2023. For 2024, you will use your unadjusted basis of $2,440 to figure your depreciation deduction.

If the depreciation deductions for your car are reduced under the passenger automobile limits (discussed earlier), you will have unrecovered basis in your car at the end of the recovery period. If you continue to use your car for business, you can deduct that unrecovered basis (subject to depreciation limits) after the recovery period ends.

This is your cost or other basis in the car reduced by any clean-fuel vehicle deduction (for vehicles placed in service before January 1, 2006), alternative motor vehicle credit, electric vehicle credit, gas guzzler tax, and depreciation (including any special depreciation allowance , discussed earlier, unless you elect not to claim it) and section 179 deductions that would have been allowable if you had used the car 100% for business and investment use.

For 5-year property, your recovery period is 6 calendar years. A part year's depreciation is allowed in the first calendar year, a full year's depreciation is allowed in each of the next 4 calendar years, and a part year's depreciation is allowed in the 6th calendar year.

Under MACRS, your recovery period is the same whether you use declining balance or straight line depreciation. You determine your unrecovered basis in the 7th year after you placed the car in service.

If you continue to use your car for business after the recovery period, you can claim a depreciation deduction in each succeeding tax year until you recover your basis in the car. The maximum amount you can deduct each year is determined by the date you placed the car in service and your business-use percentage. For example, no deduction is allowed for a year you use your car 100% for personal purposes.

In April 2017, you bought and placed in service a car you used exclusively in your business. The car cost $31,500. You didn’t claim a section 179 deduction or the special depreciation allowance for the car. You continued to use the car 100% in your business throughout the recovery period (2017 through 2022). For those years, you used the MACRS Depreciation Chart (200% DB method), the Maximum Depreciation Deduction for Cars Placed in Service Prior to 2018 table and Maximum Depreciation Deduction for Passenger Automobiles (Including Trucks and Vans) Acquired Before September 28, 2017, and Placed in Service During 2018–2023 table, earlier, for the applicable tax year to figure your depreciation deductions during the recovery period. Your depreciation deductions were subject to the depreciation limits, so you will have unrecovered basis at the end of the recovery period as shown in the following table.

At the end of 2022, you had an unrecovered basis in the car of $14,626 ($31,500 – $16,874). If you continued to use the car 100% for business in 2023 and later years, you can claim a depreciation deduction equal to the lesser of $1,875 or your remaining unrecovered basis.

If your business use of the car was less than 100% during any year, your depreciation deduction would be less than the maximum amount allowable for that year. However, in determining your unrecovered basis in the car, you would still reduce your original basis by the maximum amount allowable as if the business use had been 100%. For example, if you had used your car 60% for business instead of 100%, your allowable depreciation deductions would have been $10,124 ($16,874 × 60% (0.60)), but you still would have to reduce your basis by $16,874 to determine your unrecovered basis.

Table 4-1. 2023 MACRS Depreciation Chart (Use To Figure Depreciation for 2023)

Car used 50% or less for business.

If you use your car 50% or less for qualified business use (defined earlier under Depreciation Deduction ) either in the year the car is placed in service or in a later year, special rules apply. The rules that apply in these two situations are explained in the following paragraphs. (For this purpose, “car” was defined earlier under Actual Car Expenses and includes certain trucks and vans.)

If you use your car 50% or less for qualified business use, the following rules apply.

You can’t take the section 179 deduction.

You can’t take the special depreciation allowance.

You must figure depreciation using the straight line method over a 5-year recovery period. You must continue to use the straight line method even if your percentage of business use increases to more than 50% in a later year.

Instead of making the computation yourself, you can use column (c) of Table 4-1 to find the percentage to use.

In May 2023, you bought and placed in service a car for $17,500. You used it 40% for your consulting business. Because you didn’t use the car more than 50% for business, you can’t take any section 179 deduction or special depreciation allowance, and you must use the straight line method over a 5-year recovery period to recover the cost of your car.

You deduct $700 in 2023. This is the lesser of:

$700 (($17,500 cost × 40% (0.40) business use) × 10% (0.10) recovery percentage (from column (c) of Table 4-1 )), or

$4,880 ($12,200 maximum limit × 40% (0.40) business use).

If you use your car more than 50% in qualified business use in the tax year it is placed in service but the business use drops to 50% or less in a later year, you can no longer use an accelerated depreciation method for that car.

For the year the business use drops to 50% or less and all later years in the recovery period, you must use the straight line depreciation method over a 5-year recovery period. In addition, for the year your business use drops to 50% or less, you must recapture (include in your gross income) any excess depreciation (discussed later). You also increase the adjusted basis of your car by the same amount.

In June 2020, you purchased a car for exclusive use in your business. You met the more-than-50%-use test for the first 3 years of the recovery period (2020 through 2022) but failed to meet it in the fourth year (2023). You determine your depreciation for 2023 using 20% (from column (c) of Table 4-1 ). You will also have to determine and include in your gross income any excess depreciation, discussed next.

You must include any excess depreciation in your gross income and add it to your car's adjusted basis for the first tax year in which you don’t use the car more than 50% in qualified business use. Use Form 4797, Sales of Business Property, to figure and report the excess depreciation in your gross income.

Excess depreciation is:

The amount of the depreciation deductions allowable for the car (including any section 179 deduction claimed and any special depreciation allowance claimed) for tax years in which you used the car more than 50% in qualified business use, minus

The amount of the depreciation deductions that would have been allowable for those years if you hadn’t used the car more than 50% in qualified business use for the year you placed it in service. This means the amount of depreciation figured using the straight line method.

In September 2019, you bought a car for $20,500 and placed it in service. You didn’t claim the section 179 deduction or the special depreciation allowance. You used the car exclusively in qualified business use for 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022. For those years, you used the appropriate MACRS Depreciation Chart to figure depreciation deductions totaling $13,185 ($3,160 for 2019, $5,100 for 2020, $3,050 for 2021, and $1,875 for 2022) under the 200% DB method.

During 2023, you used the car 30% for business and 70% for personal purposes. Since you didn’t meet the more-than-50%-use test, you must switch from the 200% DB depreciation method to the straight line depreciation method for 2023, and include in gross income for 2023 your excess depreciation determined as follows.

In 2023, using Form 4797, you figure and report the $2,110 excess depreciation you must include in your gross income. Your adjusted basis in the car is also increased by $2,110. Your 2023 depreciation is $1,230 ($20,500 (unadjusted basis) × 30% (0.30) (business-use percentage) × 20% (0.20) (from column (c) of Table 4-1 on the line for Jan. 1–Sept. 30, 2019)). However, your depreciation deduction is limited to $563 ($1,875 x 30% (0.30) business use).

Leasing a Car

If you lease a car, truck, or van that you use in your business, you can use the standard mileage rate or actual expenses to figure your deductible expense. This section explains how to figure actual expenses for a leased car, truck, or van.

If you choose to use actual expenses, you can deduct the part of each lease payment that is for the use of the vehicle in your business. You can’t deduct any part of a lease payment that is for personal use of the vehicle, such as commuting.

You must spread any advance payments over the entire lease period. You can’t deduct any payments you make to buy a car, truck, or van even if the payments are called “lease payments.”

If you lease a car, truck, or van for 30 days or more, you may have to reduce your lease payment deduction by an “inclusion amount,” explained next.

Inclusion Amounts

If you lease a car, truck, or van that you use in your business for a lease term of 30 days or more, you may have to include an inclusion amount in your income for each tax year you lease the vehicle. To do this, you don’t add an amount to income. Instead, you reduce your deduction for your lease payment. (This reduction has an effect similar to the limit on the depreciation deduction you would have on the vehicle if you owned it.)

The inclusion amount is a percentage of part of the fair market value of the leased vehicle multiplied by the percentage of business and investment use of the vehicle for the tax year. It is prorated for the number of days of the lease term in the tax year.

The inclusion amount applies to each tax year that you lease the vehicle if the fair market value (defined next) when the lease began was more than the amounts shown in the following tables.

All vehicles are subject to a single inclusion amount threshold for passenger automobiles leased and put into service in 2023. You may have an inclusion amount for a passenger automobile if:

Passenger Automobiles (Including Trucks and Vans)

For years prior to 2018, see the inclusion tables below. You may have an inclusion amount for a passenger automobile if:

Cars (Except for Trucks and Vans)

Trucks and Vans

Fair market value is the price at which the property would change hands between a willing buyer and seller, neither having to buy or sell, and both having reasonable knowledge of all the necessary facts. Sales of similar property around the same date may be helpful in figuring the fair market value of the property.

Figure the fair market value on the first day of the lease term. If the capitalized cost of a car is specified in the lease agreement, use that amount as the fair market value.

Inclusion amounts for tax years 2018–2023 are listed in Appendices A-1 through A-6 for passenger vehicles (including trucks and vans). If the fair market value of the vehicle is $100,000 or less, use the appropriate appendix (depending on the year you first placed the vehicle in service) to determine the inclusion amount. If the fair market value is more than $100,000, see the revenue procedure(s) identified in the footnote of that year’s appendix for the inclusion amount.

For each tax year during which you lease the car for business, determine your inclusion amount by following these three steps.

Locate the appendix that applies to you. To find the inclusion amount, do the following.

Find the line that includes the fair market value of the car on the first day of the lease term.

Go across the line to the column for the tax year in which the car is used under the lease to find the dollar amount. For the last tax year of the lease, use the dollar amount for the preceding year.

Prorate the dollar amount from (1b) for the number of days of the lease term included in the tax year.

Multiply the prorated amount from (2) by the percentage of business and investment use for the tax year. This is your inclusion amount.

On January 17, 2023, you leased a car for 3 years and placed it in service for use in your business. The car had a fair market value of $62,500 on the first day of the lease term. You use the car 75% for business and 25% for personal purposes during each year of the lease. Assuming you continue to use the car 75% for business, you use Appendix A-6 to arrive at the following inclusion amounts for each year of the lease. For the last tax year of the lease, 2026, you use the amount for the preceding year.

2024 is a leap year and includes an extra calendar day, February 29, 2024.

For each year of the lease that you deduct lease payments, you must reduce your deduction by the inclusion amount figured for that year.

If you lease a car for business use and, in a later year, change it to personal use, follow the rules explained earlier under Figuring the inclusion amount . For the tax year in which you stop using the car for business, use the dollar amount for the previous tax year. Prorate the dollar amount for the number of days in the lease term that fall within the tax year.

On August 16, 2022, you leased a car with a fair market value of $64,500 for 3 years. You used the car exclusively in your data processing business. On November 6, 2023, you closed your business and went to work for a company where you aren’t required to use a car for business. Using Appendix A-5 , you figured your inclusion amount for 2022 and 2023 as shown in the following table and reduced your deductions for lease payments by those amounts.

If you lease a car for personal use and, in a later year, change it to business use, you must determine the car's fair market value on the date of conversion. Then figure the inclusion amount using the rules explained earlier under Figuring the inclusion amount . Use the fair market value on the date of conversion.

In March 2021, you leased a truck for 4 years for personal use. On June 1, 2023, you started working as a self-employed advertising consultant and started using the leased truck for business purposes. Your records show that your business use for June 1 through December 31 was 60%. To figure your inclusion amount for 2023, you obtained an appraisal from an independent car leasing company that showed the fair market value of your 2021 truck on June 1, 2023, was $62,650. Using Appendix A-6 , you figured your inclusion amount for 2023 as shown in the following table.

For information on reporting inclusion amounts, employees should see Car rentals under Completing Forms 2106 in chapter 6. Sole proprietors should see the Instructions for Schedule C (Form 1040), and farmers should see the Instructions for Schedule F (Form 1040).

Disposition of a Car

If you dispose of your car, you may have a taxable gain or a deductible loss. The portion of any gain that is due to depreciation (including any section 179 deduction, clean-fuel vehicle deduction (for vehicles placed in service before January 1, 2006), and special depreciation allowance) that you claimed on the car will be treated as ordinary income. However, you may not have to recognize a gain or loss if you dispose of the car because of a casualty or theft.

This section gives some general information about dispositions of cars. For information on how to report the disposition of your car, see Pub. 544.

Like‐kind exchanges completed after December 31, 2017, are generally limited to exchanges of real property not held primarily for sale.

For a casualty or theft, a gain results when you receive insurance or other reimbursement that is more than your adjusted basis in your car. If you then spend all of the proceeds to acquire replacement property (a new car or repairs to the old car) within a specified period of time, you don’t recognize any gain. Your basis in the replacement property is its cost minus any gain that isn’t recognized. See Pub. 547 for more information.

When you trade in an old car for a new one, the transaction is considered a like-kind exchange. Generally, no gain or loss is recognized. (For exceptions, see chapter 1 of Pub. 544.) In a trade-in situation, your basis in the new property is generally your adjusted basis in the old property plus any additional amount you pay. (See Unadjusted basis , earlier.)

If you used the standard mileage rate for the business use of your car, depreciation was included in that rate. The rate of depreciation that was allowed in the standard mileage rate is shown in the Rate of Depreciation Allowed in Standard Mileage Rate table, later. You must reduce your basis in your car (but not below zero) by the amount of this depreciation.

If your basis is reduced to zero (but not below zero) through the use of the standard mileage rate, and you continue to use your car for business, no adjustment (reduction) to the standard mileage rate is necessary. Use the full standard mileage rate (65.5 cents ($0.655) per mile from January 1–December 31 for 2023) for business miles driven.

Rate of Depreciation Allowed in Standard Mileage Rate

In 2018, you bought and placed in service a car for exclusive use in your business. The car cost $25,500. From 2018 through 2023, you used the standard mileage rate to figure your car expense deduction. You drove your car 14,100 miles in 2018, 16,300 miles in 2019, 15,600 miles in 2020, 16,700 miles in 2021, 15,100 miles in 2022, and 14,900 miles in 2023. The depreciation portion of your car expense deduction is figured as follows.

If you deduct actual car expenses and you dispose of your car before the end of the recovery period (years 2 through 5), you are allowed a reduced depreciation deduction in the year of disposition.

Use the depreciation tables in Pub. 946 to figure the reduced depreciation deduction for a car disposed of in 2023.

The depreciation amounts computed using the depreciation tables in Pub. 946 for years 2 through 5 that you own your car are for a full year’s depreciation. Years 1 and 6 apply the half-year or mid-quarter convention to the computation for you. If you dispose of the vehicle in years 2 through 5 and the half-year convention applies, then the full year’s depreciation amount must be divided by 2. If the mid-quarter convention applies, multiply the full year’s depreciation by the percentage from the following table for the quarter that you disposed of the car.

If the car is subject to the Depreciation Limits , discussed earlier, reduce (but do not increase) the computed depreciation to this amount. See Sale or Other Disposition Before the Recovery Period Ends in chapter 4 of Pub. 946 for more information.

5. Recordkeeping

If you deduct travel, gift, or transportation expenses, you must be able to prove (substantiate) certain elements of expense. This chapter discusses the records you need to keep to prove these expenses.

How To Prove Expenses

Table 5-1 is a summary of records you need to prove each expense discussed in this publication. You must be able to prove the elements listed across the top portion of the chart. You prove them by having the information and receipts (where needed) for the expenses listed in the first column.

You should keep adequate records to prove your expenses or have sufficient evidence that will support your own statement. You must generally prepare a written record for it to be considered adequate. This is because written evidence is more reliable than oral evidence alone. However, if you prepare a record on a computer, it is considered an adequate record.

What Are Adequate Records?

You should keep the proof you need in an account book, diary, log, statement of expense, trip sheets, or similar record. You should also keep documentary evidence that, together with your record, will support each element of an expense.

You must generally have documentary evidence such as receipts, canceled checks, or bills, to support your expenses.

Documentary evidence isn’t needed if any of the following conditions apply.

You have meals or lodging expenses while traveling away from home for which you account to your employer under an accountable plan, and you use a per diem allowance method that includes meals and/or lodging. ( Accountable plans and per diem allowances are discussed in chapter 6.)

Your expense, other than lodging, is less than $75.

You have a transportation expense for which a receipt isn’t readily available.

Documentary evidence will ordinarily be considered adequate if it shows the amount, date, place, and essential character of the expense.

For example, a hotel receipt is enough to support expenses for business travel if it has all of the following information.

The name and location of the hotel.

The dates you stayed there.

Separate amounts for charges such as lodging, meals, and telephone calls.

A restaurant receipt is enough to prove an expense for a business meal if it has all of the following information.

The name and location of the restaurant.

The number of people served.

The date and amount of the expense.

A canceled check, together with a bill from the payee, ordinarily establishes the cost. However, a canceled check by itself doesn’t prove a business expense without other evidence to show that it was for a business purpose.

You don‘t have to record information in your account book or other record that duplicates information shown on a receipt as long as your records and receipts complement each other in an orderly manner.

You don’t have to record amounts your employer pays directly for any ticket or other travel item. However, if you charge these items to your employer, through a credit card or otherwise, you must keep a record of the amounts you spend.

You should record the elements of an expense or of a business use at or near the time of the expense or use and support it with sufficient documentary evidence. A timely kept record has more value than a statement prepared later when there is generally a lack of accurate recall.

You don’t need to write down the elements of every expense on the day of the expense. If you maintain a log on a weekly basis that accounts for use during the week, the log is considered a timely kept record.

If you give your employer, client, or customer an expense account statement, it can also be considered a timely kept record. This is true if you copy it from your account book, diary, log, statement of expense, trip sheets, or similar record.

You must generally provide a written statement of the business purpose of an expense. However, the degree of proof varies according to the circumstances in each case. If the business purpose of an expense is clear from the surrounding circumstances, then you don’t need to give a written explanation.

If you are a sales representative who calls on customers on an established sales route, you don’t have to give a written explanation of the business purpose for traveling that route. You can satisfy the requirements by recording the length of the delivery route once, the date of each trip at or near the time of the trips, and the total miles you drove the car during the tax year. You could also establish the date of each trip with a receipt, record of delivery, or other documentary evidence.

You don’t need to put confidential information relating to an element of a deductible expense (such as the place, business purpose, or business relationship) in your account book, diary, or other record. However, you do have to record the information elsewhere at or near the time of the expense and have it available to fully prove that element of the expense.

What if I Have Incomplete Records?

If you don’t have complete records to prove an element of an expense, then you must prove the element with:

Your own written or oral statement containing specific information about the element, and

Other supporting evidence that is sufficient to establish the element.

If the element is the description of a gift, or the cost, time, place, or date of an expense, the supporting evidence must be either direct evidence or documentary evidence. Direct evidence can be written statements or the oral testimony of your guests or other witnesses setting forth detailed information about the element. Documentary evidence can be receipts, paid bills, or similar evidence.

If the element is either the business relationship of your guests or the business purpose of the amount spent, the supporting evidence can be circumstantial rather than direct. For example, the nature of your work, such as making deliveries, provides circumstantial evidence of the use of your car for business purposes. Invoices of deliveries establish when you used the car for business.

Table 5-1. How To Prove Certain Business Expenses

You can keep an adequate record for parts of a tax year and use that record to prove the amount of business or investment use for the entire year. You must demonstrate by other evidence that the periods for which an adequate record is kept are representative of the use throughout the tax year.

You use your car to visit the offices of clients, meet with suppliers and other subcontractors, and pick up and deliver items to clients. There is no other business use of the car, but you and your family use the car for personal purposes. You keep adequate records during the first week of each month that show that 75% of the use of the car is for business. Invoices and bills show that your business use continues at the same rate during the later weeks of each month. Your weekly records are representative of the use of the car each month and are sufficient evidence to support the percentage of business use for the year.

You can satisfy the substantiation requirements with other evidence if, because of the nature of the situation in which an expense is made, you can’t get a receipt. This applies if all the following are true.

You were unable to obtain evidence for an element of the expense or use that completely satisfies the requirements explained earlier under What Are Adequate Records .

You are unable to obtain evidence for an element that completely satisfies the two rules listed earlier under What if I Have Incomplete Records .

You have presented other evidence for the element that is the best proof possible under the circumstances.

If you can’t produce a receipt because of reasons beyond your control, you can prove a deduction by reconstructing your records or expenses. Reasons beyond your control include fire, flood, and other casualties.

Separating and Combining Expenses

This section explains when expenses must be kept separate and when expenses can be combined.

Each separate payment is generally considered a separate expense. For example, if you entertain a customer or client at dinner and then go to the theater, the dinner expense and the cost of the theater tickets are two separate expenses. You must record them separately in your records.

You can make one daily entry in your record for reasonable categories of expenses. Examples are taxi fares, telephone calls, or other incidental travel costs. Nonentertainment meals should be in a separate category. You can include tips for meal-related services with the costs of the meals.

Expenses of a similar nature occurring during the course of a single event are considered a single expense.

You can account for several uses of your car that can be considered part of a single use, such as a round trip or uninterrupted business use, with a single record. Minimal personal use, such as a stop for lunch on the way between two business stops, isn’t an interruption of business use.

You make deliveries at several different locations on a route that begins and ends at your employer's business premises and that includes a stop at the business premises between two deliveries. You can account for these using a single record of miles driven.

You don’t always have to record the name of each recipient of a gift. A general listing will be enough if it is evident that you aren’t trying to avoid the $25 annual limit on the amount you can deduct for gifts to any one person. For example, if you buy a large number of tickets to local high school basketball games and give one or two tickets to each of many customers, it is usually enough to record a general description of the recipients.

If you can prove the total cost of travel or entertainment but you can’t prove how much it costs for each person who participated in the event, you may have to allocate the total cost among you and your guests on a pro rata basis. To do so, you must establish the number of persons who participated in the event.

If your return is examined, you may have to provide additional information to the IRS. This information could be needed to clarify or to establish the accuracy or reliability of information contained in your records, statements, testimony, or documentary evidence before a deduction is allowed.

How Long To Keep Records and Receipts

You must keep records as long as they may be needed for the administration of any provision of the Internal Revenue Code. Generally, this means you must keep records that support your deduction (or an item of income) for 3 years from the date you file the income tax return on which the deduction is claimed. A return filed early is considered filed on the due date. For a more complete explanation of how long to keep records, see Pub. 583, Starting a Business and Keeping Records.

You must keep records of the business use of your car for each year of the recovery period. See More-than-50%-use test in chapter 4 under Depreciation Deduction.

Employees who give their records and documentation to their employers and are reimbursed for their expenses generally don’t have to keep copies of this information. However, you may have to prove your expenses if any of the following conditions apply.

You claim deductions for expenses that are more than reimbursements.

Your expenses are reimbursed under a nonaccountable plan.

Your employer doesn’t use adequate accounting procedures to verify expense accounts.

You are related to your employer as defined under Per Diem and Car Allowances in chapter 6.

Table 5-2 and Table 5-3 are examples of worksheets that can be used for tracking business expenses.

Table 5-2. Daily Business Mileage and Expense Log

Table 5-3. Weekly Traveling Expense Record

6. How To Report

This chapter explains where and how to report the expenses discussed in this publication. It discusses reimbursements and how to treat them under accountable and nonaccountable plans. It also explains rules for independent contractors and clients, fee-basis officials, certain performing artists, Armed Forces reservists, and certain disabled employees. The chapter ends with illustrations of how to report travel, gift, and car expenses on Forms 2106.

Where To Report

This section provides general information on where to report the expenses discussed in this publication.

You must report your income and expenses on Schedule C (Form 1040) if you are a sole proprietor, or on Schedule F (Form 1040) if you are a farmer. You don’t use Form 2106.

If you claim car or truck expenses, you must provide certain information on the use of your vehicle. You provide this information on Schedule C (Form 1040) or Form 4562.

If you file Schedule C (Form 1040):

Report your travel expenses, except meals, on line 24a;

Report your deductible non-entertainment-related meals (actual cost or standard meal allowance) on line 24b;

Report your gift expenses and transportation expenses, other than car expenses, on line 27a; and

Report your car expenses on line 9. Complete Part IV of the form unless you have to file Form 4562 for depreciation or amortization.

If you file Schedule F (Form 1040), do the following.

Report your car expenses on line 10. Attach Form 4562 and provide information on the use of your car in Part V of Form 4562.

Report all other business expenses discussed in this publication on line 32. You can only include 50% of your non-entertainment-related meals on that line.

If you are both self-employed and an employee, you must keep separate records for each business activity. Report your business expenses for self-employment on Schedule C (Form 1040), or Schedule F (Form 1040), as discussed earlier. Report your business expenses for your work as an employee on Form 2106, as discussed next.

If you are an employee, you must generally complete Form 2106 to deduct your travel and transportation expenses.

You are an employee deducting expenses attributable to your job.

You weren’t reimbursed by your employer for your expenses (amounts included in box 1 of your Form W-2 aren’t considered reimbursements).

If you claim car expenses, you use the standard mileage rate.

For more information on how to report your expenses on Form 2106, see Completing Form 2106 , later.

If you didn’t receive any reimbursements (or the reimbursements were all included in box 1 of your Form W-2), the only business expense you are claiming is for gifts, and the special rules discussed later don’t apply to you, don’t complete Form 2106.

If you received a Form W-2 and the “Statutory employee” box in box 13 was checked, report your income and expenses related to that income on Schedule C (Form 1040). Don’t complete Form 2106.

Statutory employees include full-time life insurance salespersons, certain agent or commission drivers, traveling salespersons, and certain homeworkers.

If your employer reimburses you for nondeductible personal expenses, such as for vacation trips, your employer must report the reimbursement as wage income in box 1 of your Form W-2. You can’t deduct personal expenses.

If you have travel or transportation expenses related to income-producing property, report your deductible expenses on the form appropriate for that activity.

For example, if you have rental real estate income and expenses, report your expenses on Schedule E (Form 1040), Supplemental Income and Loss. See Pub. 527, Residential Rental Property, for more information on the rental of real estate.

Vehicle Provided by Your Employer

If your employer provides you with a car, you may be able to deduct the actual expenses of operating that car for business purposes. The amount you can deduct depends on the amount that your employer included in your income and the business and personal miles you drove during the year. You can’t use the standard mileage rate.

Your employer can figure and report either the actual value of your personal use of the car or the value of the car as if you used it only for personal purposes (100% income inclusion). Your employer must separately state the amount if 100% of the annual lease value was included in your income. If you are unsure of the amount included on your Form W-2, ask your employer.

You may be able to deduct the value of the business use of an employer-provided car if your employer reported 100% of the value of the car in your income. On your 2023 Form W-2, the amount of the value will be included in box 1, Wages, tips, other compensation; and box 14, Other.

To claim your expenses, complete Form 2106, Part II, Sections A and C. Enter your actual expenses on line 23 of Section C and include the entire value of the employer-provided car on line 25. Complete the rest of the form.

If less than the full annual lease value of the car was included on your Form W-2, this means that your Form W-2 only includes the value of your personal use of the car. Don’t enter this value on your Form 2106 because it isn’t deductible.

If you paid any actual costs (that your employer didn’t provide or reimburse you for) to operate the car, you can deduct the business portion of those costs. Examples of costs that you may have are gas, oil, and repairs. Complete Form 2106, Part II, Sections A and C. Enter your actual costs on line 23 of Section C and leave line 25 blank. Complete the rest of the form.

Reimbursements

This section explains what to do when you receive an advance or are reimbursed for any of the employee business expenses discussed in this publication.

If you received an advance, allowance, or reimbursement for your expenses, how you report this amount and your expenses depends on whether your employer reimbursed you under an accountable plan or a nonaccountable plan.

This section explains the two types of plans, how per diem and car allowances simplify proving the amount of your expenses, and the tax treatment of your reimbursements and expenses. It also covers rules for independent contractors.

You aren’t reimbursed or given an allowance for your expenses if you are paid a salary or commission with the understanding that you will pay your own expenses. In this situation, you have no reimbursement or allowance arrangement, and you don’t have to read this section on reimbursements. Instead, see Completing Form 2106 , later, for information on completing your tax return.

A reimbursement or other expense allowance arrangement is a system or plan that an employer uses to pay, substantiate, and recover the expenses, advances, reimbursements, and amounts charged to the employer for employee business expenses. Arrangements include per diem and car allowances.

A per diem allowance is a fixed amount of daily reimbursement your employer gives you for your lodging and M&IE when you are away from home on business. (The term “incidental expenses” is defined in chapter 1 under Standard Meal Allowance. ) A car allowance is an amount your employer gives you for the business use of your car.

Your employer should tell you what method of reimbursement is used and what records you must provide.

If you are an employer and you reimburse employee business expenses, how you treat this reimbursement on your employee's Form W-2 depends in part on whether you have an accountable plan. Reimbursements treated as paid under an accountable plan, as explained next, aren’t reported as pay. Reimbursements treated as paid under nonaccountable plans , as explained later, are reported as pay. See Pub. 15 (Circular E), Employer's Tax Guide, for information on employee pay.

Accountable Plans

To be an accountable plan, your employer's reimbursement or allowance arrangement must include all of the following rules.

Your expenses must have a business connection—that is, you must have paid or incurred deductible expenses while performing services as an employee of your employer.

You must adequately account to your employer for these expenses within a reasonable period of time.

You must return any excess reimbursement or allowance within a reasonable period of time.

Adequate accounting and returning excess reimbursements are discussed later.

An excess reimbursement or allowance is any amount you are paid that is more than the business-related expenses that you adequately accounted for to your employer.

The definition of reasonable period of time depends on the facts and circumstances of your situation. However, regardless of the facts and circumstances of your situation, actions that take place within the times specified in the following list will be treated as taking place within a reasonable period of time.

You receive an advance within 30 days of the time you have an expense.

You adequately account for your expenses within 60 days after they were paid or incurred.

You return any excess reimbursement within 120 days after the expense was paid or incurred.

You are given a periodic statement (at least quarterly) that asks you to either return or adequately account for outstanding advances and you comply within 120 days of the statement.

If you meet the three rules for accountable plans, your employer shouldn’t include any reimbursements in your income in box 1 of your Form W-2. If your expenses equal your reimbursements, you don’t complete Form 2106. You have no deduction since your expenses and reimbursements are equal.

Even though you are reimbursed under an accountable plan, some of your expenses may not meet all three rules. All reimbursements that fail to meet all three rules for accountable plans are generally treated as having been reimbursed under a nonaccountable plan (discussed later).

If you are reimbursed under an accountable plan, but you fail to return, within a reasonable time, any amounts in excess of the substantiated amounts, the amounts paid in excess of the substantiated expenses are treated as paid under a nonaccountable plan. See Reasonable period of time , earlier, and Returning Excess Reimbursements , later.

You may be reimbursed under your employer's accountable plan for expenses related to that employer's business, some of which would be allowable as employee business expense deductions and some of which would not. The reimbursements you receive for the nondeductible expenses don’t meet rule (1) for accountable plans, and they are treated as paid under a nonaccountable plan.

Your employer's plan reimburses you for travel expenses while away from home on business and also for meals when you work late at the office, even though you aren’t away from home. The part of the arrangement that reimburses you for the nondeductible meals when you work late at the office is treated as paid under a nonaccountable plan.

One of the rules for an accountable plan is that you must adequately account to your employer for your expenses. You adequately account by giving your employer a statement of expense, an account book, a diary, or a similar record in which you entered each expense at or near the time you had it, along with documentary evidence (such as receipts) of your travel, mileage, and other employee business expenses. (See Table 5-1 in chapter 5 for details you need to enter in your record and documents you need to prove certain expenses.) A per diem or car allowance satisfies the adequate accounting requirement under certain conditions. See Per Diem and Car Allowances , later.

You must account for all amounts you received from your employer during the year as advances, reimbursements, or allowances. This includes amounts you charged to your employer by credit card or other method. You must give your employer the same type of records and supporting information that you would have to give to the IRS if the IRS questioned a deduction on your return. You must pay back the amount of any reimbursement or other expense allowance for which you don’t adequately account or that is more than the amount for which you accounted.

Per Diem and Car Allowances

If your employer reimburses you for your expenses using a per diem or a car allowance, you can generally use the allowance as proof for the amount of your expenses. A per diem or car allowance satisfies the adequate accounting requirements for the amount of your expenses only if all the following conditions apply.

Your employer reasonably limits payments of your expenses to those that are ordinary and necessary in the conduct of the trade or business.

The allowance is similar in form to and not more than the federal rate (defined later).

You prove the time (dates), place, and business purpose of your expenses to your employer (as explained in Table 5-1 ) within a reasonable period of time.

You aren’t related to your employer (as defined next). If you are related to your employer, you must be able to prove your expenses to the IRS even if you have already adequately accounted to your employer and returned any excess reimbursement.

You are related to your employer if:

Your employer is your brother or sister, half brother or half sister, spouse, ancestor, or lineal descendant;

Your employer is a corporation in which you own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% in value of the outstanding stock; or

Certain relationships (such as grantor, fiduciary, or beneficiary) exist between you, a trust, and your employer.

The federal rate can be figured using any one of the following methods.

For per diem amounts:

The regular federal per diem rate.

The high-low rate.

For car expenses:

A fixed and variable rate (FAVR).

The regular federal per diem rate is the highest amount that the federal government will pay to its employees for lodging and M&IE (or M&IE only) while they are traveling away from home in a particular area. The rates are different for different localities. Your employer should have these rates available. You can also find federal per diem rates at GSA.gov/travel/plan-book/per-diem-rates .

The standard meal allowance is the federal M&IE rate. For travel in 2023, the rate for most small localities in the United States is $59 per day. Most major cities and many other localities qualify for higher rates. You can find this information at GSA.gov/travel/plan-book/per-diem-rates .

You receive an allowance only for M&IE when your employer does one of the following.

Provides you with lodging (furnishes it in kind).

Reimburses you, based on your receipts, for the actual cost of your lodging.

Pays the hotel, motel, etc., directly for your lodging.

Doesn’t have a reasonable belief that you had (or will have) lodging expenses, such as when you stay with friends or relatives or sleep in the cab of your truck.

Figures the allowance on a basis similar to that used in figuring your compensation, such as number of hours worked or miles traveled.

This is a simplified method of figuring the federal per diem rate for travel within the continental United States. It eliminates the need to keep a current list of the per diem rates for each city.

Under the high-low method, the per diem amount for travel during January through September of 2023 is $297 (which includes $74 for M&IE) for certain high-cost locations. All other areas have a per diem amount of $204 (which includes $64 for M&IE). For more information, see Notice 2022-44, which can be found at IRS.gov/irb/2022-41_IRB#NOT-2022-44 .

Effective October 1, 2023, the per diem rate for certain high-cost locations increased to $309 (which includes $74 for M&IE). The rate for all other locations increased to $214 (which includes $64 for M&IE). For more information, see Notice 2023-68, which can be found at IRS.gov/irb/2023-41_IRB#NOT-2023-68 , and Revenue Procedure 2019-48 at IRS.gov/irb/2019-51_IRB#REV-PROC-2019-48 .

The standard meal allowance is for a full 24-hour day of travel. If you travel for part of a day, such as on the days you depart and return, you must prorate the full-day M&IE rate. This rule also applies if your employer uses the regular federal per diem rate or the high-low rate.

You can use either of the following methods to figure the federal M&IE for that day.

For the day you depart, add 3 / 4 of the standard meal allowance amount for that day.

For the day you return, add 3 / 4 of the standard meal allowance amount for the preceding day.

Method 2: Prorate the standard meal allowance using any method you consistently apply in accordance with reasonable business practice. For example, an employer can treat 2 full days of per diem (that includes M&IE) paid for travel away from home from 9 a.m. of one day to 5 p.m. of the next day as being no more than the federal rate. This is true even though a federal employee would be limited to a reimbursement of M&IE for only 1½ days of the federal M&IE rate.

This is a set rate per mile that you can use to figure your deductible car expenses. For 2023, the standard mileage rate for the cost of operating your car for business use is 65.5 cents ($0.655) per mile.

This is an allowance your employer may use to reimburse your car expenses. Under this method, your employer pays an allowance that includes a combination of payments covering fixed and variable costs, such as a cents-per-mile rate to cover your variable operating costs (such as gas, oil, etc.) plus a flat amount to cover your fixed costs (such as depreciation (or lease payments), insurance, etc.). If your employer chooses to use this method, your employer will request the necessary records from you.

If your reimbursement is in the form of an allowance received under an accountable plan, the following facts affect your reporting.

Whether the allowance or your actual expenses were more than the federal rate.

If your allowance is less than or equal to the federal rate, the allowance won’t be included in box 1 of your Form W-2. You don’t need to report the related expenses or the allowance on your return if your expenses are equal to or less than the allowance.

However, if your actual expenses are more than your allowance, you can complete Form 2106. If you are using actual expenses, you must be able to prove to the IRS the total amount of your expenses and reimbursements for the entire year. If you are using the standard meal allowance or the standard mileage rate, you don’t have to prove that amount.

In April, a member of a reserve component of the Armed Forces takes a 2-day business trip to Denver. The federal rate for Denver is $278 ($199 lodging + $79 M&IE) per day. As required by their employer's accountable plan, they account for the time (dates), place, and business purpose of the trip. Their employer reimburses them $278 a day ($556 total) for living expenses. Their living expenses in Denver aren’t more than $278 a day.

Their employer doesn’t include any of the reimbursement on their Form W-2 and they don’t deduct the expenses on their return.

In June, a fee-basis local government official takes a 2-day business trip to Boston. Their employer uses the high-low method to reimburse employees. Because Boston is a high-cost area, they are given an advance of $297 (which includes $74 for M&IE) a day ($594 total) for their lodging and M&IE. Their actual expenses totaled $700.

Since their $700 of expenses are more than their $594 advance, they include the excess expenses when they itemize their deductions. They complete Form 2106 (showing all of their expenses and reimbursements). They must also allocate their reimbursement between their meals and other expenses as discussed later under Completing Form 2106 .

A fee-basis state government official drives 10,000 miles during 2023 for business. Under their employer's accountable plan, they account for the time (dates), place, and business purpose of each trip. Their employer pays them a mileage allowance of 40 cents ($0.40) a mile.

Because their $6,550 expense figured under the standard mileage rate (10,000 miles x 65.5 cents ($0.655) per mile) is more than their $4,000 reimbursement (10,000 miles × 40 cents ($0.40)), they itemize their deductions to claim the excess expense. They complete Form 2106 (showing all their expenses and reimbursements) and enter $2,550 ($6,550 − $4,000) as an itemized deduction.

If your allowance is more than the federal rate, your employer must include the allowance amount up to the federal rate under code L in box 12 of your Form W-2. This amount isn’t taxable. However, the excess allowance will be included in box 1 of your Form W-2. You must report this part of your allowance as if it were wage income.

If your actual expenses are less than or equal to the federal rate, you don’t complete Form 2106 or claim any of your expenses on your return.

However, if your actual expenses are more than the federal rate, you can complete Form 2106 and deduct those excess expenses. You must report on Form 2106 your reimbursements up to the federal rate (as shown under code L in box 12 of your Form W-2) and all your expenses. You should be able to prove these amounts to the IRS.

Sasha, a performing artist, lives and works in Austin. In July, the employer sent Sasha to Albuquerque for 4 days on business. The employer paid the hotel directly for Sasha’s lodging and reimbursed $80 a day ($320 total) for M&IE. Sasha’s actual meal expenses weren’t more than the federal rate for Albuquerque, which is $69 per day.

The employer included the $44 that was more than the federal rate (($80 − $69) × 4) in box 1 of Sasha’s Form W-2. The employer shows $276 ($69 a day × 4) under code L in box 12 of Form W-2. This amount isn’t included in income. Sasha doesn’t have to complete Form 2106; however, Sasha must include the $44 in gross income as wages (by reporting the total amount shown in box 1 of their Form W-2).

Another performing artist, Ari, also lives in Austin and works for the same employer as in Example 1 . In May, the employer sent Ari to San Diego for 4 days and paid the hotel directly for the hotel bill. The employer reimbursed Ari $75 a day for M&IE. The federal rate for San Diego is $74 a day.

Ari can prove that actual non-entertainment-related meal expenses totaled $380. The employer's accountable plan won’t pay more than $75 a day for travel to San Diego, so Ari doesn’t give the employer the records that prove that the amount actually spent was $380. However, Ari does account for the time (dates), place, and business purpose of the trip. This is Ari’s only business trip this year.

Ari was reimbursed $300 ($75 × 4 days), which is $4 more than the federal rate of $296 ($74 × 4 days). The employer includes the $4 as income on the employee’s Form W-2 in box 1. The employer also enters $296 under code L in box 12 of the employee’s Form W-2.

Ari completes Form 2106 to figure deductible expenses and enters the total of actual expenses for the year ($380) on Form 2106. Ari also enters the reimbursements that weren’t included in income ($296). Ari’s total deductible meals and beverages expense, before the 50% limit, is $96. Ari will include $48 as an itemized deduction.

Palmer, a fee-basis state government official, drives 10,000 miles during 2023 for business. Under the employer's accountable plan, Palmer gets reimbursed 70 cents ($0.70) a mile, which is more than the standard mileage rate. The total reimbursement is $7,000.

The employer must include the reimbursement amount up to the standard mileage rate, $6,550 (10,000 miles x 65.5 cents ($0.655) per mile), under code L in box 12 of the employee’s Form W-2. That amount isn’t taxable. The employer must also include $450 ($7,000 − $6,550) in box 1 of the employee's Form W-2. This is the reimbursement that is more than the standard mileage rate.

If the expenses are equal to or less than the standard mileage rate, Palmer wouldn’t complete Form 2106. If the expenses are more than the standard mileage rate, Palmer would complete Form 2106 and report total expenses and reimbursement (shown under code L in box 12 of their Form W-2). Palmer would then claim the excess expenses as an itemized deduction.

Returning Excess Reimbursements

Under an accountable plan, you are required to return any excess reimbursement or other expense allowances for your business expenses to the person paying the reimbursement or allowance. Excess reimbursement means any amount for which you didn’t adequately account within a reasonable period of time. For example, if you received a travel advance and you didn’t spend all the money on business-related expenses or you don’t have proof of all your expenses, you have an excess reimbursement.

Adequate accounting and reasonable period of time were discussed earlier in this chapter.

You receive a travel advance if your employer provides you with an expense allowance before you actually have the expense, and the allowance is reasonably expected to be no more than your expense. Under an accountable plan, you are required to adequately account to your employer for this advance and to return any excess within a reasonable period of time.

If you don’t adequately account for or don't return any excess advance within a reasonable period of time, the amount you don’t account for or return will be treated as having been paid under a nonaccountable plan (discussed later).

If you don’t prove that you actually traveled on each day for which you received a per diem or car allowance (proving the elements described in Table 5-1 ), you must return this unproven amount of the travel advance within a reasonable period of time. If you don’t do this, the unproven amount will be considered paid under a nonaccountable plan (discussed later).

If your employer's accountable plan pays you an allowance that is higher than the federal rate, you don’t have to return the difference between the two rates for the period you can prove business-related travel expenses. However, the difference will be reported as wages on your Form W-2. This excess amount is considered paid under a nonaccountable plan (discussed later).

Your employer sends you on a 5-day business trip to Phoenix in March 2023 and gives you a $400 ($80 × 5 days) advance to cover your M&IE. The federal per diem for M&IE for Phoenix is $69. Your trip lasts only 3 days. Under your employer's accountable plan, you must return the $160 ($80 × 2 days) advance for the 2 days you didn’t travel. For the 3 days you did travel, you don’t have to return the $33 difference between the allowance you received and the federal rate for Phoenix (($80 − $69) × 3 days). However, the $33 will be reported on your Form W-2 as wages.

Nonaccountable Plans

A nonaccountable plan is a reimbursement or expense allowance arrangement that doesn’t meet one or more of the three rules listed earlier under Accountable Plans .

In addition, even if your employer has an accountable plan, the following payments will be treated as being paid under a nonaccountable plan.

Excess reimbursements you fail to return to your employer.

Reimbursement of nondeductible expenses related to your employer's business. See Reimbursement of nondeductible expenses , earlier, under Accountable Plans.

If you aren’t sure if the reimbursement or expense allowance arrangement is an accountable or nonaccountable plan, ask your employer.

Your employer will combine the amount of any reimbursement or other expense allowance paid to you under a nonaccountable plan with your wages, salary, or other pay. Your employer will report the total in box 1 of your Form W-2.

You must complete Form 2106 and itemize your deductions to deduct your expenses for travel, transportation, or non-entertainment-related meals. Your meal and entertainment expenses will be subject to the 50% Limit discussed in chapter 2.

Your employer gives you $1,000 a month ($12,000 total for the year) for your business expenses. You don’t have to provide any proof of your expenses to your employer, and you can keep any funds that you don’t spend.

You are a performing artist and are being reimbursed under a nonaccountable plan. Your employer will include the $12,000 on your Form W-2 as if it were wages. If you want to deduct your business expenses, you must complete Form 2106 and itemize your deductions.

You are paid $2,000 a month by your employer. On days that you travel away from home on business, your employer designates $50 a day of your salary as paid to reimburse your travel expenses. Because your employer would pay your monthly salary whether or not you were traveling away from home, the arrangement is a nonaccountable plan. No part of the $50 a day designated by your employer is treated as paid under an accountable plan.

Rules for Independent Contractors and Clients

This section provides rules for independent contractors who incur expenses on behalf of a client or customer. The rules cover the reporting and substantiation of certain expenses discussed in this publication, and they affect both independent contractors and their clients or customers.

You are considered an independent contractor if you are self-employed and you perform services for a customer or client.

Accounting to Your Client

If you received a reimbursement or an allowance for travel, or gift expenses that you incurred on behalf of a client, you should provide an adequate accounting of these expenses to your client. If you don’t account to your client for these expenses, you must include any reimbursements or allowances in income. You must keep adequate records of these expenses whether or not you account to your client for these expenses.

If you don’t separately account for and seek reimbursement for meal and entertainment expenses in connection with providing services for a client, you are subject to the 50% limit on those expenses. See 50% Limit in chapter 2.

As a self-employed person, you adequately account by reporting your actual expenses. You should follow the recordkeeping rules in chapter 5 .

For information on how to report expenses on your tax return, see Self-employed at the beginning of this chapter.

Required Records for Clients or Customers

If you are a client or customer, you generally don’t have to keep records to prove the reimbursements or allowances you give, in the course of your business, to an independent contractor for travel or gift expenses incurred on your behalf. However, you must keep records if:

You reimburse the contractor for entertainment expenses incurred on your behalf, and

The contractor adequately accounts to you for these expenses.

If the contractor adequately accounts to you for non-entertainment-related meal expenses, you (the client or customer) must keep records documenting each element of the expense, as explained in chapter 5 . Use your records as proof for a deduction on your tax return. If non-entertainment-related meal expenses are accounted for separately, you are subject to the 50% limit on meals. If the contractor adequately accounts to you for reimbursed amounts, you don’t have to report the amounts on an information return.

If the contractor doesn’t adequately account to you for allowances or reimbursements of non-entertainment-related meal expenses, you don’t have to keep records of these items. You aren’t subject to the 50% limit on meals in this case. You can deduct the reimbursements or allowances as payment for services if they are ordinary and necessary business expenses. However, you must file Form 1099-MISC to report amounts paid to the independent contractor if the total of the reimbursements and any other fees is $600 or more during the calendar year.

How To Use Per Diem Rate Tables

This section contains information about the per diem rate substantiation methods available and the choice of rates you must make for the last 3 months of the year.

The Two Substantiation Methods

IRS Notices list the localities that are treated under the high-low substantiation method as high-cost localities for all or part of the year. Notice 2022-44, available at IRS.gov/irb/2022-41_IRB#NOT-2022-44 , lists the high-cost localities that are eligible for $297 (which includes $74 for meals and incidental expenses (M&IE)) per diem, effective October 1, 2022. For travel on or after October 1, 2022, all other localities within the continental United States (CONUS) are eligible for $204 (which includes $64 for M&IE) per diem under the high-low method.

Notice 2023-68, available at IRS.gov/irb/2023-41_IRB#NOT-2023-68 , lists the high-cost localities that are eligible for $309 (which includes $74 for M&IE) per diem, effective October 1, 2023. For travel on or after October 1, 2023, the per diem for all other localities increased to $214 (which includes $64 for M&IE).

Regular federal per diem rates are published by the General Services Administration (GSA). Both tables include the separate rate for M&IE for each locality. The rates listed for FY2023 at GSA.gov/travel/plan-book/per-diem-rates are effective October 1, 2022, and those listed for FY2024 are effective October 1, 2023. The standard rate for all locations within CONUS not specifically listed for FY2023 is $157 ($98 for lodging and $59 for M&IE). For FY2024, this rate increases to $166 ($107 for lodging and $59 for M&IE).

Transition Rules

The transition period covers the last 3 months of the calendar year, from the time that new rates are effective (generally, October 1) through December 31. During this period, you may generally change to the new rates or finish out the year with the rates you had been using.

If you use the high-low substantiation method, when new rates become effective (generally, October 1), you can either continue with the rates you used for the first part of the year or change to the new rates. However, you must continue using the high-low method for the rest of the calendar year (through December 31). If you are an employer, you must use the same rates for all employees reimbursed under the high-low method during that calendar year.

The new rates and localities for the high-low method are included each year in a notice that is generally published in mid to late September. You can find the notice in the weekly Internal Revenue Bulletin (IRB) at IRS.gov/IRB , or visit IRS.gov and enter “Special Per Diem Rates” in the search box.

New CONUS per diem rates become effective on October 1 of each year and remain in effect through September 30 of the following year. Employees being reimbursed under the per diem rate method during the first 9 months of a year (January 1–September 30) must continue under the same method through the end of that calendar year (December 31). However, for travel by these employees from October 1 through December 31, you can choose to continue using the same per diem rates or use the new rates.

The new federal CONUS per diem rates are published each year, generally early in September. Go to GSA.gov/travel/plan-book/per-diem-rates .

Completing Form 2106

For tax years beginning after 2017, the Form 2106 will be used by Armed Forces reservists, qualified performing artists, fee-basis state or local government officials, and employees with impairment-related work expenses. Due to the suspension of miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to the 2% floor under section 67(a), employees who do not fit into one of the listed categories may not use Form 2106.

This section briefly describes how employees complete Forms 2106. Table 6-1 explains what the employer reports on Form W-2 and what the employee reports on Form 2106. The instructions for the forms have more information on completing them.

Table 6-1. Reporting Travel, Nonentertainment Meal, Gift, and Car Expenses and Reimbursements

If you used a car to perform your job as an employee, you may be able to deduct certain car expenses. These are generally figured on Form 2106, Part II, and then claimed on Form 2106, Part I, line 1, column A.

If you claim any deduction for the business use of a car, you must answer certain questions and provide information about the use of the car. The information relates to the following items.

Date placed in service.

Mileage (total, business, commuting, and other personal mileage).

Percentage of business use.

After-work use.

Use of other vehicles.

Whether you have evidence to support the deduction.

Whether or not the evidence is written.

If you claim a deduction based on the standard mileage rate instead of your actual expenses, you must complete Form 2106, Part II, Section B. The amount on line 22 (Section B) is carried to Form 2106, Part I, line 1. In addition, on Part I, line 2, you can deduct parking fees and tolls that apply to the business use of the car. See Standard Mileage Rate in chapter 4 for information on using this rate.

If you claim a deduction based on actual car expenses, you must complete Form 2106, Part II, Section C. In addition, unless you lease your car, you must complete Section D to show your depreciation deduction and any section 179 deduction you claim.

If you are still using a car that is fully depreciated, continue to complete Section C. Since you have no depreciation deduction, enter zero on line 28. In this case, don’t complete Section D.

If you claim car rental expenses on Form 2106, line 24a, you may have to reduce that expense by an inclusion amount , as described in chapter 4. If so, you can show your car expenses and any inclusion amount as follows.

Figure the inclusion amount without taking into account your business-use percentage for the tax year.

Report the inclusion amount from (1) on Form 2106, Part II, line 24b.

Report on line 24c the net amount of car rental expenses (total car rental expenses minus the inclusion amount figured in (1)).

Show your transportation expenses that didn’t involve overnight travel on Form 2106, line 2, column A. Also include on this line business expenses you have for parking fees and tolls. Don’t include expenses of operating your car or expenses of commuting between your home and work.

Show your other employee business expenses on Form 2106, lines 3 and 4, column A. Don’t include expenses for nonentertainment meals on those lines. Line 4 is for expenses such as gifts, educational expenses (tuition and books), office-in-the-home expenses, and trade and professional publications.

Show the full amount of your expenses for nonentertainment business-related meals on Form 2106, line 5, column B. Include meals while away from your tax home overnight and other business meals. Enter 50% of the line 8, column B, meal expenses on line 9, column B.

If you are subject to the Department of Transportation's “hours of service” limits (as explained earlier under Individuals subject to hours of service limits in chapter 2), use 80% instead of 50% for meals while away from your tax home.

Enter on Form 2106, line 7, the amounts your employer (or third party) reimbursed you that weren’t reported to you in box 1 of your Form W-2. This includes any amount reported under code L in box 12 of Form W-2.

If you were reimbursed under an accountable plan and want to deduct excess expenses that weren’t reimbursed, you may have to allocate your reimbursement. This is necessary when your employer pays your reimbursement in the following manner.

Pays you a single amount that covers non-entertainment-related meals and/or entertainment, as well as other business expenses.

Doesn’t clearly identify how much is for deductible non-entertainment-related meals.

Your employer paid you an expense allowance of $12,000 this year under an accountable plan. The $12,000 payment consisted of $5,000 for airfare and $7,000 for non-entertainment-related meals, and car expenses. Your employer didn’t clearly show how much of the $7,000 was for the cost of deductible non-entertainment-related meals. You actually spent $14,000 during the year ($5,500 for airfare, $4,500 for non-entertainment-related meals, and $4,000 for car expenses).

Since the airfare allowance was clearly identified, you know that $5,000 of the payment goes in column A, line 7, of Form 2106. To allocate the remaining $7,000, you use the worksheet from the Instructions for Form 2106. Your completed worksheet follows.

Reimbursement Allocation Worksheet (Keep for your records.)

If you are a government official paid on a fee basis, a performing artist, an Armed Forces reservist, or a disabled employee with impairment-related work expenses, see Special Rules , later.

Your employee business expenses may be subject to either of the limits described next. They are figured in the following order on the specified form.

Certain non-entertainment-related meal expenses are subject to a 50% limit. Generally, entertainment expenses are nondeductible if paid or incurred after December 2017. If you are an employee, you figure this limit on line 9 of Form 2106. (See 50% Limit in chapter 2.)

Limitations on itemized deductions are suspended for tax years beginning after 2017 and before tax year January 2026, per section 68(g).

Special Rules

This section discusses special rules that apply only to Armed Forces reservists, government officials who are paid on a fee basis, performing artists, and disabled employees with impairment-related work expenses. For tax years beginning after 2017, they are the only taxpayers who can use Form 2106.

Armed Forces Reservists Traveling More Than 100 Miles From Home

If you are a member of a reserve component of the Armed Forces of the United States and you travel more than 100 miles away from home in connection with your performance of services as a member of the reserves, you can deduct your travel expenses as an adjustment to gross income rather than as a miscellaneous itemized deduction. The amount of expenses you can deduct as an adjustment to gross income is limited to the regular federal per diem rate (for lodging and M&IE) and the standard mileage rate (for car expenses) plus any parking fees, ferry fees, and tolls. See Per Diem and Car Allowances , earlier, for more information.

You are a member of a reserve component of the Armed Forces of the United States if you are in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, or Coast Guard Reserve; the Army National Guard of the United States; the Air National Guard of the United States; or the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service.

If you have reserve-related travel that takes you more than 100 miles from home, you should first complete Form 2106. Then include your expenses for reserve travel over 100 miles from home, up to the federal rate, from Form 2106, line 10, in the total on Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 12.

You can’t deduct expenses of travel that doesn’t take you more than 100 miles from home as an adjustment to gross income.

Certain fee-basis officials can claim their employee business expenses on Form 2106.

Fee-basis officials are persons who are employed by a state or local government and who are paid in whole or in part on a fee basis. They can deduct their business expenses in performing services in that job as an adjustment to gross income rather than as a miscellaneous itemized deduction.

If you are a fee-basis official, include your employee business expenses from Form 2106, line 10, in the total on Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 12.

Expenses of Certain Performing Artists

If you are a performing artist, you may qualify to deduct your employee business expenses as an adjustment to gross income. To qualify, you must meet all of the following requirements.

During the tax year, you perform services in the performing arts as an employee for at least two employers.

You receive at least $200 each from any two of these employers.

Your related performing-arts business expenses are more than 10% of your gross income from the performance of those services.

Your adjusted gross income isn’t more than $16,000 before deducting these business expenses.

If you are married, you must file a joint return unless you lived apart from your spouse at all times during the tax year. If you file a joint return, you must figure requirements (1), (2), and (3) separately for both you and your spouse. However, requirement (4) applies to your and your spouse's combined adjusted gross income.

If you meet all of the above requirements, you should first complete Form 2106. Then you include your performing-arts-related expenses from Form 2106, line 10, in the total on Schedule 1 (Form 1040), line 12.

If you don’t meet all of the above requirements, you don’t qualify to deduct your expenses as an adjustment to gross income.

If you are an employee with a physical or mental disability, your impairment-related work expenses aren’t subject to the 2%-of-adjusted-gross-income limit that applies to most other employee business expenses. After you complete Form 2106, enter your impairment-related work expenses from Form 2106, line 10, on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 16, and identify the type and amount of this expense on the line next to line 16.

Impairment-related work expenses are your allowable expenses for attendant care at your workplace and other expenses in connection with your workplace that are necessary for you to be able to work.

You are disabled if you have:

A physical or mental disability (for example, blindness or deafness) that functionally limits your being employed; or

A physical or mental impairment (for example, a sight or hearing impairment) that substantially limits one or more of your major life activities, such as performing manual tasks, walking, speaking, breathing, learning, or working.

You can deduct impairment-related expenses as business expenses if they are:

Necessary for you to do your work satisfactorily;

For goods and services not required or used, other than incidentally, in your personal activities; and

Not specifically covered under other income tax laws.

You are blind. You must use a reader to do your work. You use the reader both during your regular working hours at your place of work and outside your regular working hours away from your place of work. The reader's services are only for your work. You can deduct your expenses for the reader as business expenses.

You are deaf. You must use a sign language interpreter during meetings while you are at work. The interpreter's services are used only for your work. You can deduct your expenses for the interpreter as business expenses.

How To Get Tax Help

If you have questions about a tax issue; need help preparing your tax return; or want to download free publications, forms, or instructions, go to IRS.gov to find resources that can help you right away.

After receiving all your wage and earnings statements (Forms W-2, W-2G, 1099-R, 1099-MISC, 1099-NEC, etc.); unemployment compensation statements (by mail or in a digital format) or other government payment statements (Form 1099-G); and interest, dividend, and retirement statements from banks and investment firms (Forms 1099), you have several options to choose from to prepare and file your tax return. You can prepare the tax return yourself, see if you qualify for free tax preparation, or hire a tax professional to prepare your return.

Your options for preparing and filing your return online or in your local community, if you qualify, include the following.

Free File. This program lets you prepare and file your federal individual income tax return for free using software or Free File Fillable Forms. However, state tax preparation may not be available through Free File. Go to IRS.gov/FreeFile to see if you qualify for free online federal tax preparation, e-filing, and direct deposit or payment options.

VITA. The Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program offers free tax help to people with low-to-moderate incomes, persons with disabilities, and limited-English-speaking taxpayers who need help preparing their own tax returns. Go to IRS.gov/VITA , download the free IRS2Go app, or call 800-906-9887 for information on free tax return preparation.

TCE. The Tax Counseling for the Elderly (TCE) program offers free tax help for all taxpayers, particularly those who are 60 years of age and older. TCE volunteers specialize in answering questions about pensions and retirement-related issues unique to seniors. Go to IRS.gov/TCE or download the free IRS2Go app for information on free tax return preparation.

MilTax. Members of the U.S. Armed Forces and qualified veterans may use MilTax, a free tax service offered by the Department of Defense through Military OneSource. For more information, go to MilitaryOneSource ( MilitaryOneSource.mil/MilTax ).

Also, the IRS offers Free Fillable Forms, which can be completed online and then e-filed regardless of income.

Go to IRS.gov/Tools for the following.

The Earned Income Tax Credit Assistant ( IRS.gov/EITCAssistant ) determines if you’re eligible for the earned income credit (EIC).

The Online EIN Application ( IRS.gov/EIN ) helps you get an employer identification number (EIN) at no cost.

The Tax Withholding Estimator ( IRS.gov/W4App ) makes it easier for you to estimate the federal income tax you want your employer to withhold from your paycheck. This is tax withholding. See how your withholding affects your refund, take-home pay, or tax due.

The First Time Homebuyer Credit Account Look-up ( IRS.gov/HomeBuyer ) tool provides information on your repayments and account balance.

The Sales Tax Deduction Calculator ( IRS.gov/SalesTax ) figures the amount you can claim if you itemize deductions on Schedule A (Form 1040).

Go to IRS.gov/Help : A variety of tools to help you get answers to some of the most common tax questions.

Go to IRS.gov/ITA : The Interactive Tax Assistant, a tool that will ask you questions and, based on your input, provide answers on a number of tax topics.

Go to IRS.gov/Forms : Find forms, instructions, and publications. You will find details on the most recent tax changes and interactive links to help you find answers to your questions.

You may also be able to access tax information in your e-filing software.

There are various types of tax return preparers, including enrolled agents, certified public accountants (CPAs), accountants, and many others who don’t have professional credentials. If you choose to have someone prepare your tax return, choose that preparer wisely. A paid tax preparer is:

Primarily responsible for the overall substantive accuracy of your return,

Required to sign the return, and

Required to include their preparer tax identification number (PTIN).

The Social Security Administration (SSA) offers online service at SSA.gov/employer for fast, free, and secure W-2 filing options to CPAs, accountants, enrolled agents, and individuals who process Form W-2, Wage and Tax Statement, and Form W-2c, Corrected Wage and Tax Statement.

Go to IRS.gov/SocialMedia to see the various social media tools the IRS uses to share the latest information on tax changes, scam alerts, initiatives, products, and services. At the IRS, privacy and security are our highest priority. We use these tools to share public information with you. Don’t post your social security number (SSN) or other confidential information on social media sites. Always protect your identity when using any social networking site.

The following IRS YouTube channels provide short, informative videos on various tax-related topics in English, Spanish, and ASL.

Youtube.com/irsvideos .

Youtube.com/irsvideosmultilingua .

Youtube.com/irsvideosASL .

The IRS Video portal ( IRSVideos.gov ) contains video and audio presentations for individuals, small businesses, and tax professionals.

You can find information on IRS.gov/MyLanguage if English isn’t your native language.

The IRS is committed to serving taxpayers with limited-English proficiency (LEP) by offering OPI services. The OPI Service is a federally funded program and is available at Taxpayer Assistance Centers (TACs), most IRS offices, and every VITA/TCE tax return site. The OPI Service is accessible in more than 350 languages.

Taxpayers who need information about accessibility services can call 833-690-0598. The Accessibility Helpline can answer questions related to current and future accessibility products and services available in alternative media formats (for example, braille, large print, audio, etc.). The Accessibility Helpline does not have access to your IRS account. For help with tax law, refunds, or account-related issues, go to IRS.gov/LetUsHelp .

Form 9000, Alternative Media Preference, or Form 9000(SP) allows you to elect to receive certain types of written correspondence in the following formats.

Standard Print.

Large Print.

Audio (MP3).

Plain Text File (TXT).

Braille Ready File (BRF).

Go to IRS.gov/DisasterRelief to review the available disaster tax relief.

Go to IRS.gov/Forms to view, download, or print all the forms, instructions, and publications you may need. Or, you can go to IRS.gov/OrderForms to place an order.

Download and view most tax publications and instructions (including the Instructions for Form 1040) on mobile devices as eBooks at IRS.gov/eBooks .

IRS eBooks have been tested using Apple's iBooks for iPad. Our eBooks haven’t been tested on other dedicated eBook readers, and eBook functionality may not operate as intended.

Go to IRS.gov/Account to securely access information about your federal tax account.

View the amount you owe and a breakdown by tax year.

See payment plan details or apply for a new payment plan.

Make a payment or view 5 years of payment history and any pending or scheduled payments.

Access your tax records, including key data from your most recent tax return, and transcripts.

View digital copies of select notices from the IRS.

Approve or reject authorization requests from tax professionals.

View your address on file or manage your communication preferences.

With an online account, you can access a variety of information to help you during the filing season. You can get a transcript, review your most recently filed tax return, and get your adjusted gross income. Create or access your online account at IRS.gov/Account .

This tool lets your tax professional submit an authorization request to access your individual taxpayer IRS online account. For more information, go to IRS.gov/TaxProAccount .

The safest and easiest way to receive a tax refund is to e-file and choose direct deposit, which securely and electronically transfers your refund directly into your financial account. Direct deposit also avoids the possibility that your check could be lost, stolen, destroyed, or returned undeliverable to the IRS. Eight in 10 taxpayers use direct deposit to receive their refunds. If you don’t have a bank account, go to IRS.gov/DirectDeposit for more information on where to find a bank or credit union that can open an account online.

Tax-related identity theft happens when someone steals your personal information to commit tax fraud. Your taxes can be affected if your SSN is used to file a fraudulent return or to claim a refund or credit.

The IRS doesn’t initiate contact with taxpayers by email, text messages (including shortened links), telephone calls, or social media channels to request or verify personal or financial information. This includes requests for personal identification numbers (PINs), passwords, or similar information for credit cards, banks, or other financial accounts.

Go to IRS.gov/IdentityTheft , the IRS Identity Theft Central webpage, for information on identity theft and data security protection for taxpayers, tax professionals, and businesses. If your SSN has been lost or stolen or you suspect you’re a victim of tax-related identity theft, you can learn what steps you should take.

Get an Identity Protection PIN (IP PIN). IP PINs are six-digit numbers assigned to taxpayers to help prevent the misuse of their SSNs on fraudulent federal income tax returns. When you have an IP PIN, it prevents someone else from filing a tax return with your SSN. To learn more, go to IRS.gov/IPPIN .

Go to IRS.gov/Refunds .

Download the official IRS2Go app to your mobile device to check your refund status.

Call the automated refund hotline at 800-829-1954.

Payments of U.S. tax must be remitted to the IRS in U.S. dollars. Digital assets are not accepted. Go to IRS.gov/Payments for information on how to make a payment using any of the following options.

IRS Direct Pay : Pay your individual tax bill or estimated tax payment directly from your checking or savings account at no cost to you.

Debit Card, Credit Card, or Digital Wallet : Choose an approved payment processor to pay online or by phone.

Electronic Funds Withdrawal : Schedule a payment when filing your federal taxes using tax return preparation software or through a tax professional.

Electronic Federal Tax Payment System : Best option for businesses. Enrollment is required.

Check or Money Order : Mail your payment to the address listed on the notice or instructions.

Cash : You may be able to pay your taxes with cash at a participating retail store.

Same-Day Wire : You may be able to do same-day wire from your financial institution. Contact your financial institution for availability, cost, and time frames.

Note. The IRS uses the latest encryption technology to ensure that the electronic payments you make online, by phone, or from a mobile device using the IRS2Go app are safe and secure. Paying electronically is quick, easy, and faster than mailing in a check or money order.

Go to IRS.gov/Payments for more information about your options.

Apply for an online payment agreement ( IRS.gov/OPA ) to meet your tax obligation in monthly installments if you can’t pay your taxes in full today. Once you complete the online process, you will receive immediate notification of whether your agreement has been approved.

Use the Offer in Compromise Pre-Qualifier to see if you can settle your tax debt for less than the full amount you owe. For more information on the Offer in Compromise program, go to IRS.gov/OIC .

Go to IRS.gov/Form1040X for information and updates.

Go to IRS.gov/WMAR to track the status of Form 1040-X amended returns.

Go to IRS.gov/Notices to find additional information about responding to an IRS notice or letter.

You can now upload responses to all notices and letters using the Document Upload Tool. For notices that require additional action, taxpayers will be redirected appropriately on IRS.gov to take further action. To learn more about the tool, go to IRS.gov/Upload .

You can use Schedule LEP (Form 1040), Request for Change in Language Preference, to state a preference to receive notices, letters, or other written communications from the IRS in an alternative language. You may not immediately receive written communications in the requested language. The IRS’s commitment to LEP taxpayers is part of a multi-year timeline that began providing translations in 2023. You will continue to receive communications, including notices and letters, in English until they are translated to your preferred language.

Keep in mind, many questions can be answered on IRS.gov without visiting a TAC. Go to IRS.gov/LetUsHelp for the topics people ask about most. If you still need help, TACs provide tax help when a tax issue can’t be handled online or by phone. All TACs now provide service by appointment, so you’ll know in advance that you can get the service you need without long wait times. Before you visit, go to IRS.gov/TACLocator to find the nearest TAC and to check hours, available services, and appointment options. Or, on the IRS2Go app, under the Stay Connected tab, choose the Contact Us option and click on “Local Offices.”

The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) Is Here To Help You

TAS is an independent organization within the IRS that helps taxpayers and protects taxpayer rights. TAS strives to ensure that every taxpayer is treated fairly and that you know and understand your rights under the Taxpayer Bill of Rights .

The Taxpayer Bill of Rights describes 10 basic rights that all taxpayers have when dealing with the IRS. Go to TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov to help you understand what these rights mean to you and how they apply. These are your rights. Know them. Use them.

TAS can help you resolve problems that you can’t resolve with the IRS. And their service is free. If you qualify for their assistance, you will be assigned to one advocate who will work with you throughout the process and will do everything possible to resolve your issue. TAS can help you if:

Your problem is causing financial difficulty for you, your family, or your business;

You face (or your business is facing) an immediate threat of adverse action; or

You’ve tried repeatedly to contact the IRS but no one has responded, or the IRS hasn’t responded by the date promised.

TAS has offices in every state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico . To find your advocate’s number:

Go to TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov/Contact-Us ;

Download Pub. 1546, The Taxpayer Advocate Service Is Your Voice at the IRS, available at IRS.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p1546.pdf ;

Call the IRS toll free at 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676) to order a copy of Pub. 1546;

Check your local directory; or

Call TAS toll free at 877-777-4778.

TAS works to resolve large-scale problems that affect many taxpayers. If you know of one of these broad issues, report it to TAS at IRS.gov/SAMS . Be sure to not include any personal taxpayer information.

LITCs are independent from the IRS and TAS. LITCs represent individuals whose income is below a certain level and who need to resolve tax problems with the IRS. LITCs can represent taxpayers in audits, appeals, and tax collection disputes before the IRS and in court. In addition, LITCs can provide information about taxpayer rights and responsibilities in different languages for individuals who speak English as a second language. Services are offered for free or a small fee. For more information or to find an LITC near you, go to the LITC page at TaxpayerAdvocate.IRS.gov/LITC or see IRS Pub. 4134, Low Income Taxpayer Clinic List , at IRS.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p4134.pdf .

Appendices A-1 through A-6 show the lease inclusion amounts that you may need to report if you first leased a passenger automobile (including a truck and van) in 2018 through 2023 for 30 days or more.

If any of these apply to you, use the appendix for the year you first leased the car. (See Leasing a Car in chapter 4.)

Facebook
Twitter
Linkedin

Introduction to American Express Travel Protection

Types of travel protection offered, american express travel protection: a guide to your benefits.

Affiliate links for the products on this page are from partners that compensate us and terms apply to offers listed (see our advertiser disclosure with our list of partners for more details). However, our opinions are our own. See how we rate credit cards to write unbiased product reviews .

The information for the following product(s) has been collected independently by Business Insider: Hilton Honors American Express Aspire Card, Amex EveryDay® Preferred Credit Card, American Express® Green Card, The Plum Card® from American Express. The details for these products have not been reviewed or provided by the issuer.

Some American Express cards offer trip cancellation and interruption benefits .
You'll find these perks on cards like The Platinum Card® from American Express.
If you're eager to sign up for a travel credit card with perks, compare each card's offerings.

Overview of Travel Protection Benefits

While credit card insurance and travel protection coverage are usually considered secondary to rewards programs and other cardholder perks, these benefits can be equally important if you travel.

When you pay for a trip with a credit card that offers trip cancellation and interruption insurance, for example, you can get reimbursed for some of your travel expenses in the event your vacation is halted for reasons beyond your control. Meanwhile, trip delay insurance lets you apply for some reimbursement when a delay of your trip results in surprise expenses, such as an unplanned hotel stay near the airport when your flight is on hold.

Importance of Travel Insurance

Chase credit cards like the Chase Sapphire Reserve® and Chase Sapphire Preferred® Card have really stood out for years in terms of the protections they offer, and with some of the highest limits out there. Still, American Express is still coming around — it recently added trip cancellation and interruption insurance, along with trip delay coverage, to many of its top rewards credit cards.

If you're in the market for an American Express card and you're hoping to take advantage of important travel benefits, consider the cards below and their expanded travel protections.

Trip Cancellation and Interruption Insurance

New trip cancellation and interruption insurance from American Express credit cards will provide you with up to $10,000 in coverage (and up to $20,000 per account per year) you can use for reimbursement of prepaid travel expenses like airfare and hotels. This coverage can come in handy if your trip is canceled for a covered reason beyond your control, or you're stuck in your destination and require an extended stay and additional costs before you can return home.

Note that this coverage is good for round-trip travel booked with your credit card, meaning you have to pay for travel expenses with a common carrier with your American Express credit card in order to be eligible.

American Express cards that qualify for this coverage include:

The Platinum Card® from American Express
Delta SkyMiles® Reserve American Express Card
Hilton Honors American Express Aspire Card
Marriott Bonvoy Brilliant® American Express® Card
The Business Platinum Card® from American Express
Delta SkyMiles® Reserve Business American Express Card

Other versions of the Amex Platinum card — including the Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and corporate flavors — also offer this coverage, as do all versions of the Amex Centurion (black) card , which is invite-only.

Baggage Insurance Plan

Quite a few American Express credit cards also offer a baggage insurance plan, although this isn't a new or upgraded benefit from the card issuer. This coverage can come in handy if your luggage is lost or stolen during a covered trip. To be eligible for this coverage, you have to pay for travel with a common carrier (airfare, cruise fare, etc.) with your American Express credit card.

The amount of coverage you'll receive depends on the card you have. For example, baggage insurance from the The Platinum Card® from American Express offers up to $3,000 in coverage per person for carry-on luggage and up to $2,000 per person in coverage for some types of checked baggage.

With baggage insurance from the Amex EveryDay® Preferred Credit Card , on the other hand, you'll only qualify for up to $1,250 in coverage per person for carry-on luggage and up to $500 for covered checked baggage, although an extra benefit of $250 is offered for qualified "high risk items" like jewelry or sporting equipment.

American Express cards that come with baggage insurance include:

The Platinum Card® from American Express (including various versions)
American Express® Gold Card (including various versions)
American Express® Green Card (including various versions)
Delta SkyMiles® Gold American Express Card
Delta SkyMiles® Platinum American Express Card
Hilton Honors American Express Surpass® Card
Amex EveryDay® Preferred Credit Card
The Plum Card® from American Express

American Express business cards with baggage insurance include:

American Express® Business Gold Card
The Blue Business® Plus Credit Card from American Express
Delta SkyMiles® Gold Business American Express Card
Delta SkyMiles® Platinum Business American Express Card
Marriott Bonvoy Business® American Express® Card
The Hilton Honors American Express Business Card
Lowe's Business Rewards Card from American Express
Amazon Business Prime American Express Card
Amazon Business American Express Card

Various versions of the Amex Centurion card and several Amex corporate cards also offer baggage insurance.

Travel Accident Insurance

Some American Express cards also offer secondary auto rental coverage, which means this coverage kicks in after other policies you have are exhausted, as opposed to primary car rental coverage.

While this benefit applies to many Amex cards, note that coverage limits can vary. With the Amex Gold card, for example, coverage is limited to $50,000 per rental agreement for damage or theft, yet the Amex Platinum card offers up to $75,000 in coverage. The insurance doesn't cover personal liability, either.

Also note that this coverage comes with a certain amount of Accidental Death or Dismemberment Coverage that varies by card. With , for example, you'll receive up to $200,000 in coverage per person and up to $300,000 in coverage per car accident for accidental death and dismemberment. Make sure to read your credit card's terms and conditions so you know exactly how much coverage you have.

American Express cards that come with secondary auto rental coverage include:

The Platinum Card® from American Express (including various versions)
Delta SkyMiles® Blue American Express Card
Hilton Honors American Express Card
Marriott Bonvoy American Express® Card (no longer available to new applicants)
Blue Cash Everyday® Card from American Express
Blue Cash Preferred® Card from American Express
Amex Everyday® Credit Card from American Express

And business cards from Amex that offer secondary car rental insurance include:

While American Express did offer travel accident insurance on some of its cards, this coverage was effectively dropped as of January 1, 2020. The same is true for the American Express Roadside Assistance Hotline, which is no longer available.

Trip Delay Insurance

In January of 2020, American Express also rolled out an upgraded trip delay insurance benefit for many of its top rewards credit cards. While this perk may seem like an unusual one, there are so many scenarios where trip delay coverage could help you save money and avoid surprise expenses when travel is delayed beyond your control.

With trip delay coverage from Amex, you can be reimbursed for up to $500 per trip for hotel stays, meals, and other miscellaneous required expenses when your flight or other trip plans are delayed by more than six hours. If you're sitting at the airport and your flight is suddenly delayed until the next morning, for example, you could use this coverage to get reimbursed for a nearby airport hotel and your dinner, then for an Uber or Lyft ride back to the airport.

To qualify for American Express trip delay coverage, you need to pay for your round-trip travel expenses with a common carrier with your credit card.

Amex cards that come with trip delay coverage include:

American Express® Gold Card
American Express® Green Card

Again, the various versions of the Amex Platinum and Amex Centurion cards also offer trip delay insurance.

Most travel protections are automatically activated when you use your American Express card to book your travel. However, specific activation steps, if any, depend on the benefit.

Covered reasons for trip cancellation or interruption typically include illness, severe weather, and other unforeseen events, reimbursing you for non-refundable travel expenses.

Yes, baggage insurance plans come with coverage limits, which vary depending on the card and the type of loss (e.g., lost, damaged, or stolen baggage).

The Global Assist Hotline offers medical, legal, and other emergency coordination and assistance services, but financial costs for services rendered are typically the cardholder's responsibility.

Eligibility for specific travel protections varies by card. Premium cards often offer more comprehensive protections compared to basic cards.

For rates and fees of The Platinum Card® from American Express, please click here.

Eligibility and Benefit level varies by Card. Terms, Conditions and Limitations Apply. Please visit americanexpress.com/benefitsguide for more details. Trip Delay Insurance, Trip Cancellation and Interruption Insurance, and Cell Phone Protection Underwritten by New Hampshire Insurance Company, an AIG Company. Global Assist Hotline Card Members are responsible for the costs charged by third-party service providers. If approved and coordinated by Premium Global Assist Hotline, emergency medical transportation assistance may be provided at no cost. In any other circumstance, Card Members may be responsible for the costs charged by third-party service providers. Extended Warranty, Purchase Protection, and Baggage Insurance Plan Underwritten by AMEX Assurance Company. Car Rental Loss & Damage Insurance Underwritten by AMEX Assurance Company. Car Rental Loss or Damage Coverage is offered through American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.

Watch: Marketing leaders have to help their companies keep pace with the rapidly changing worlds of their customers, says Elizabeth Rutledge, CMO of American Express

Main content

Credit cards
View all credit cards
Banking guide
Loans guide
Insurance guide
Personal finance
View all personal finance
Small business
Small business guide
View all taxes

Is Travel Insurance Worth It in July 2024?

Many, or all, of the products featured on this page are from our advertising partners who compensate us when you take certain actions on our website or click to take an action on their website. However, this does not influence our evaluations. Our opinions are our own. Here is a list of our partners and here's how we make money .

Table of Contents

What does travel insurance cover?

What does travel insurance not cover, when is travel insurance not necessary, when is trip insurance worth it, where to buy travel insurance, how much does travel insurance cost, should you rely on credit card travel insurance instead, so, is travel insurance worth it.

Travel can be expensive. Insurance protects your nonrefundable vacation investment if the unexpected occurs. But is travel insurance worth it?

The answer will depend on whether your trip is refundable, where you're going, whether you'll have health coverage at your destination and how much coverage you already get from your credit card. Here are some key topics to understand when deciding if travel insurance is right for you.

Travel insurance (or trip insurance) covers a number of travel-related risks, from flight cancellations to lost bags to medical emergencies.

Accidental death insurance .

Baggage delay and lost luggage insurance .

Cancel for Any Reason insurance .

Emergency evacuation insurance .

Medical insurance .

Rental car insurance .

Trip cancellation insurance .

Trip delay insurance .

Trip interruption insurance .

The dollar amount of your coverage depends on the policy you bought and where and when you bought it. Most travel insurance providers offer several different policies to choose from, with higher or lower levels of coverage and higher or lower prices to match.

» Learn more: What to know before buying travel insurance

You can buy policies that cover a single trip, multiple trips or a full year. You can buy an individual policy or one that covers your entire family. There are many companies that offer policies, with Allianz and Travel Guard among the best-known. Here is a chart showing the benefits and coverage levels available on some Allianz policies.

NerdWallet recently analyzed various travel insurance policies to help you choose the plan that best aligns with your travel goals. Check out our results here: Best Travel Insurance Companies Right Now .

» Learn more: Does travel insurance cover medical expenses?

Incidents not covered by your travel insurance vary by policy and provider.

Pre-existing medical conditions are often excluded from coverage, meaning your benefits don't apply to claims related to that condition. Some policies cover pre-existing medical conditions if you meet certain criteria, for example if you purchased the policy within 14 days of paying for your trip and if you were well enough to travel when you booked your trip.

» Learn more: The best travel credit cards might surprise you

Plan on mountain-climbing or engaging in other dangerous activities on your trip? Many policies won't cover you if something goes wrong unless you buy a policy that specifically includes adventure sports. World Nomads travel insurance , for example, offers the Explorer plan, which includes coverage for cave diving, cliff jumping, heli-skiing and many other activities that are considered risky.

Other incidents excluded from a trip insurance policy may involve war, acts of terrorism and the use of alcohol, which can cause your injuries to be designated as "self-inflicted," or the use of drugs, which may be illegal.

If you want full flexibility to cancel your trip you'll need to find a policy that allows you to purchase a Cancel For Any Reason (CFAR) add-on. This additional benefit does exactly what the name implies and allows you to cancel your trip for any reason. Typically, you'll get around 75% of your prepaid nonrefundable trip expenses back, although exact timing and percentages vary by policy.

» Learn more: Cancel For Any Reason (CFAR) travel insurance explained

Travel insurance primarily covers two aspects of your trip — your nonrefundable reservations and your medical expenses while traveling.

If all of your reservations can be canceled without penalty, then trip cancellation or trip interruption coverage isn't necessary. But even if your trip isn't 100% refundable, insurance may not be necessary. For example, a cheap flight and hotel stay may not be worth covering, though you may still want to purchase travel insurance for medical situations.

Medical coverage typically is not necessary if you have a U.S.-based health insurance policy and you're traveling within the U.S. In those cases, you probably already have adequate coverage for illness or injury.

There are a few reasons that travel insurance can be worthwhile: to protect your nonrefundable trip costs, your luggage or your health.

When should you get trip cancellation and/or trip interruption insurance?

If you would lose the money you paid for your flights, accommodations, rental car, or activities if you had to cancel or go home early, travel insurance that specifically includes trip cancellation and trip interruption is probably a good idea. If your trip is canceled or interrupted for a covered reason, this protection will cover your reservations.

For example, if you're planning to travel to a destination that could have weather-related issues, like hurricanes in the Caribbean, travel insurance may protect your noncancelable reservations. Some policies also provide emergency evacuation to escape dangerous situations. However, if you try to purchase travel insurance after the storm poses a risk, the insurance probably will not protect you.

When should you get baggage delay and/or lost luggage coverage?

Imagine if you go on a one week trip and your checked baggage is lost or delayed. While you’re waiting to get your luggage, baggage delay insurance will reimburse you for any essentials (i.e. toiletries, medicine, socks, clothing, etc.) that you may need to purchase because you don’t have your own things.

But what if the worst case scenario happens and your bag is just lost or stolen? Lost luggage insurance will reimburse you for your misplaced bag, up to a specified dollar amount.

If you’re only traveling with a carry-on, you don’t need these two types of coverage.

When should you purchase travel medical insurance?

U.S.-based health insurance policies generally offer coverage anywhere within the U.S. But if you get sick or hurt when you travel internationally, some policies like Medicare may not cover you.

Even if your health insurance covers you outside the country, doctors at your destination may not accept it. Without travel insurance, you could be stuck paying for these bills out of pocket, then seeking reimbursement from your healthcare provider.

When should you purchase CFAR?

Most travel insurance policies won’t help you get your expenses if you cancel for a “non-covered” reason, like when your plans change or you simply don’t want to go anymore. That’s when it might be good to purchase CFAR.

If you’ve booked a trip but think that you may need to cancel for a reason that’s not covered by trip cancellation, the CFAR add-on will allow you to get up to 50-75% of your nonrefundable trip costs back as long as you cancel at least 2 - 3 days before the trip starts. The add-on must also be purchased within a specific time of the initial trip deposit (usually 14 - 21 days).

What can be an example of a cancellation that’s reimbursable under CFAR? Let’s say you book a trip with your significant other but you break up a week before the trip and don’t want to go alone. Or you book a trip really far in advance but when the date nears, you realize that you don’t want to go anymore. CFAR will be helpful for you in these instances.

When should you purchase travel insurance even though you already have a credit card that provides it?

If you already have some travel insurance protections (e.g., trip cancellation, trip interruption, baggage delay) from your credit card, but you feel that the limits are insufficient, consider purchasing a comprehensive travel insurance plan or a standalone travel medical insurance policy to protect you in case of medical emergencies on your trip.

» Learn more: The majority of Americans plan to travel this year, according to recent NerdWallet study

If you booked your trip through a travel agent, you can likely purchase coverage through them. That includes online travel booking engines like Expedia. If you're taking a cruise , you're usually offered the chance to purchase coverage during the booking process. Similarly, airlines may offer you certain types of coverage when you book a flight through their website. If you have an award booking , you have travel insurance options too.

Another option: Purchase travel insurance directly through the website of a travel insurance company, like Allianz , AXA or Travel Guard .

» Learn more: Airline travel insurance versus independent travel insurance: Which is right for you?

The cost of travel insurance is based on the specifics of your trip. The best way to get a price is to request a quote through the websites of travel insurance providers. Or you can compare multiple insurers in one place with a consolidator like InsureMyTrip.com or SquareMouth .

Many travel credit cards provide certain types of coverage in case your flight is delayed or canceled, your rental car is damaged, or your luggage is lost or delayed.

Here are a few credit cards offering travel protections that could serve as an alternative to travel insurance. But even with these cards, the benefits have a lot of fine print.

on Chase's website

on American Express' website

Chase Ink Business Preferred Credit Card

• Trip delay: Up to $500 per ticket for delays more than 12 hours.

• Trip cancellation: Up to $10,000 per person and $20,000 per trip. Maximum benefit of $40,000 per 12-month period.

• Trip interruption: Up to $10,000 per person and $20,000 per trip. Maximum benefit of $40,000 per 12-month period.

• Baggage delay: Up to $100 per day for five days.

• Lost luggage: Up to $3,000 per passenger.

• Travel accident: Up to $500,000.

• Rental car insurance: Up to $75,000.

• Trip delay: Up to $500 per ticket for delays more than 6 hours.

• Travel accident: Up to $1 million.

• Rental car insurance: Up to the actual cash value of the car.

• Trip delay: Up to $500 per trip for delays more than 6 hours.

• Trip cancellation: Up to $10,000 per trip. Maximum benefit of $20,000 per 12-month period.

• Trip interruption: Up to $10,000 per trip. Maximum benefit of $20,000 per 12-month period.

Terms apply.

These are attractive benefits, but the coverage may not be as broad as you would get buying insurance. For example, AmEx cards only cover round-trip travel, so if you don’t have a return flight booked yet, you might want to consider additional coverage.

Secondly, only the Chase Sapphire Reserve® provides emergency medical and dental coverage. The other cards don’t.

Plus, these cards can come with steep annual fees that may be more than you would pay for a travel insurance policy. So don't sign up for a card just to cover one trip unless you've compared costs.

» Learn more: The best credit cards for travel insurance benefits

If you've paid a considerable sum for a nonrefundable vacation, travel insurance is likely a good idea. International travelers who need coverage in case they get sick or injured should also consider buying a policy. If troubles arise, you'll be glad that you're protected.

How to maximize your rewards

You want a travel credit card that prioritizes what’s important to you. Here are some of the best travel credit cards of 2024 :

Flexibility, point transfers and a large bonus: Chase Sapphire Preferred® Card

No annual fee: Bank of America® Travel Rewards credit card

Flat-rate travel rewards: Capital One Venture Rewards Credit Card

Bonus travel rewards and high-end perks: Chase Sapphire Reserve®

Luxury perks: The Platinum Card® from American Express

Business travelers: Ink Business Preferred® Credit Card

1x-10x Earn 5x total points on flights and 10x total points on hotels and car rentals when you purchase travel through Chase Travel℠ immediately after the first $300 is spent on travel purchases annually. Earn 3x points on other travel and dining & 1 point per $1 spent on all other purchases.

60,000 Earn 60,000 bonus points after you spend $4,000 on purchases in the first 3 months from account opening. That's $900 toward travel when you redeem through Chase Travel℠.

1x-5x 5x on travel purchased through Chase Travel℠, 3x on dining, select streaming services and online groceries, 2x on all other travel purchases, 1x on all other purchases.

60,000 Earn 60,000 bonus points after you spend $4,000 on purchases in the first 3 months from account opening. That's $750 when you redeem through Chase Travel℠.

Chase Southwest Rapid Rewards® Plus Credit Card

1x-2x Earn 2X points on Southwest® purchases. Earn 2X points on local transit and commuting, including rideshare. Earn 2X points on internet, cable, and phone services, and select streaming. Earn 1X points on all other purchases.

50,000 Earn 50,000 bonus points after spending $1,000 on purchases in the first 3 months from account opening.

GOBankingRates works with many financial advertisers to showcase their products and services to our audiences. These brands compensate us to advertise their products in ads across our site. This compensation may impact how and where products appear on this site. We are not a comparison-tool and these offers do not represent all available deposit, investment, loan or credit products.

4 Reasons That Buying Travel Insurance Will Save You in the Long Run

Commitment to Our Readers

GOBankingRates' editorial team is committed to bringing you unbiased reviews and information. We use data-driven methodologies to evaluate financial products and services - our reviews and ratings are not influenced by advertisers. You can read more about our editorial guidelines and our products and services review methodology .

20 Years Helping You Live Richer

Reviewed by Experts

Trusted by Millions of Readers

While traveling is a great opportunity for relaxation and exploration, it’s no secret that travel comes with many potential risks. From losing luggage to delayed flights to unexpected illness, a variety of things can quickly turn south while traveling. Because of this, many travel and insurance experts recommend travel insurance.

If you can’t afford to lose any money that was invested in an extensive vacation, travel insurance may be a beneficial resource. Here are the reasons experts say consumers may need travel insurance .

If You’re Traveling Overseas

Most domestic health insurance plans don’t cover you if you travel internationally. Therefore, if you get sick or injured, you will have to pay any medical expenses out of pocket.

“For serious conditions like broken bones or a heart attack, paying for hospitalization yourself might not be financially possible,” said Jeremy Murchland, president of Seven Corners Inc. , a travel insurance provider.

Additionally, even if the country you’re traveling to has universal healthcare, this does not automatically mean you are eligible for free medical care.

“Those services are intended for citizens of that country, not tourists and visitors,” Murchland said. “Even though medical treatment may be less expensive than in the U.S., it’s best not to depend on the universal healthcare system as free treatment is not guaranteed.”

Furthermore, some countries require you to have travel insurance.

“For example, Cuba, Turkey, Thailand and the UAE all require travel insurance for certain visa types, but even if it isn’t required, having at least a basic travel insurance plan is always a smart idea, especially if you’re traveling with children,” said Erika Kullberg, attorney, personal finance expert and creator of Erika.com .

If You Have Preexisting Health Conditions

Some travel insurance plans offer protection for preexisting health conditions as well as medical costs from sickness or injuries.

“While this is often a concern for older travelers, preexisting conditions coverage might be important to travelers of any age, particularly if they suffer from chronic pain and illness,” Murchland said.

Trip Protection Benefits

Many factors, such as lost luggage and flight delays, can heavily impact both your travel plans and your finances. However, travel insurance often comes with trip protection benefits that can reimburse travelers for these exact situations.

“Losing baggage during transit is a nightmare, but a good travel insurance policy can provide compensation for lost, stolen or even delayed baggage items,” Kullberg said. “You can also be covered for any costs incurred due to travel delays, such as food and accommodation expenses.”

Make your money work for you

Get the latest news on investing, money, and more with our free newsletter.

By subscribing, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Unsubscribe at any time.

You're now subscribed to our newsletter. Check your inbox for more details.

Flexibility With Changing Plans

One never knows when unexpected events may require you to change or reschedule your travel plans. Travel insurance offers flexibility when it comes to accommodating these unprecedented situations.

“If you need to cancel at the last minute due to illness or emergency, you can be reimbursed for typically nonrefundable trip costs,” Kullberg said.

“Optional benefits like Cancel for Any Reason (CFAR) and Interruption for Any Reason (IFAR) give you added flexibility to change your plans and still have some of your trip expenses reimbursed, no matter the reason for that change,” Murchland said.

Additional Benefits of Travel Insurance

While the cost of travel insurance ultimately depends on many factors, such as the cost of your trip, investing in travel insurance may be pricey. However, this cost is still a lot lower than the money one may lose when they aren’t reimbursed for a canceled or rescheduled trip.

“In some instances, a $100 policy could save you thousands if you face a cancellation,” Murchland said.

Additionally, for those who like to travel stress-free, travel insurance may be a great benefit.

“Some travelers aren’t bothered at all by the unknown, while others get nervous about a long list of hypothetical things that could go wrong before or during vacation,” Murchland said. “If you fit into the group that tries to avoid risk, you’ll love travel insurance. Instead of stressing about all the what-ifs, you can travel with peace of mind knowing that your coverage will protect your money, health and belongings if the unexpected happens.”

Could You Afford a Vacation Home Abroad? Check Out the Prices in 5 Major Cities

July 15, 2024

How Much It Costs To Stay 5 Days in These 4 Caribbean Destinations

July 14, 2024

6 Least Expensive Places to Travel for Labor Day

5 Best All-Inclusive Resorts for Families in Mexico Under $500 per Night

July 11, 2024

In Less Than a Year, You Might Not Be Able to Travel to These Six Locations

July 13, 2024

5 Places To Travel This Summer That Are Like Florida, but Way Cheaper

July 12, 2024

Dave Ramsey: 7 Vacation Splurges That are a Waste of Money

8 Labor Day Vacation Packages With Senior Discounts

5 Best International Destinations for Summer Flights on a Budget in 2024

July 10, 2024

8 Ways To Save on Food When Traveling -- Even With Rising Costs

July 09, 2024

10 Vacation Destinations To Skip This Summer and Travel Off-Peak To Save Money

7 Vacation Destinations That Are Cheaper to Fly to Than Drive

Don't Waste Your Money on These 5 Unreliable Vacation Upgrades

Which Is Cheaper for Booking Travel: Costco or BJ's?

What a Trump Win in November Would Mean for the Cost of International Travel, According to Experts

July 08, 2024

5 Travel Destinations That Are Still Cheap To Fly To in Summer 2024

July 05, 2024

How To Save Money Fast
How To Save $10,000 in 3 Months
How To Save $10,000 in a Year

Best Ways To Save Your Money

Best Ways To Save Money
Best Clever Ways To Save Money
Best Ideas To Save Money Each Month
Best Frugal Living Tips To Help You Save Money
Best Tips and Tricks for Saving Money
Best Money-Saving Challenges
Best Budgeting Apps

BEFORE YOU GO

See today's best banking offers.

Sending you timely financial stories that you can bank on.

For our full Privacy Policy, click here .

Ready to simplify your receipt and expense management process?

Enter your email to sign up for Expensify today!

Your guide to travel expense solutions

In the hustle of daily business activities, business owners and solopreneurs face the daunting task of keeping up with travel expenses. Proper management of these expenses is crucial for financial clarity and can also significantly influence tax deductions and reimbursements.

In this guide, we’ll help you understand and manage business travel expenses, offering practical advice on streamlining your processes, ensuring compliance, and automating expense tracking.

Understanding business travel expenses

For small businesses and solopreneurs, managing travel expenses presents unique challenges. Proper expense management is crucial not only for maintaining a healthy budget but also for ensuring that all business travel expenses are accurately recorded for tax deductions and employee reimbursements. This task can be streamlined through an array of travel management solutions designed to simplify the process of tracking and reporting expenses while maximizing potential savings.

Travel expense categories

Managing business travel expenses can be a multi-faceted task involving various categories, each with its tax deductibility rules. Here are some common business travel expense categories :

Flights : Airfare for business-related travel is generally tax-deductible.

Hotels : Accommodation costs incurred for business purposes can usually be deducted.

Meals : 50% of the cost of meals during business trips is typically deductible.

Ground Transportation : This includes car rentals, train tickets, and taxis for business travel, which are usually deductible.

Miscellaneous : This may include tips, internet charges, and business calls, often deductible for business needs.

Planning and budgeting

Proper planning and budgeting are crucial elements of successful business travel. The process begins with identifying the trip's purpose and crafting a detailed itinerary. Key considerations should include the travel dates and duration to optimize cost and productivity. Also, research and choose potential destinations and accommodation options that align with the business objectives while remaining cost-effective.

Reporting and reimbursement

Regarding expense management for traveling, clear expense policies are vital for facilitating employee reimbursements and maintaining financial control.

Employees typically incur expenses like transportation costs, lodging, meals, and incidentals during their business travels. To ensure smooth operations and fiscal responsibility, have a clear and accessible expense policy document. It should detail acceptable expenses and provide guidelines on spending limits. The reimbursement process should also be outlined, ensuring employees understand how to report their expenses.

A structured travel and expense management solution simplifies this process. Corporate travel management solutions, like Expensify Travel , can automate expense tracking and reporting, making it easier for businesses to manage their travel expenses and for employees to get reimbursed promptly.

Here’s an example of what an expense policy document might include:

Eligible travel expenses examples : Transportation, lodging, meals, etc.

Spending limits : $50 per meal, $150 per night for lodging, etc.

Reimbursement process : Submit expense forms with receipts within 10 days of returning to get reimbursed for travel expenses .

Streamlining travel expense management

Travel management solutions optimize handling business travel expenses through enhanced tracking, faster reimbursements, and centralized organization, ensuring that every dollar spent is accounted for effectively.

One of the top benefits of a travel management solution is the ability to track and categorize business travel expenses effortlessly. With such systems in place, expenses incurred during travel can be logged systematically, offering realtime insights into spending patterns and helping businesses stay within allocated budgets.

Booking business travel

Using a travel management solution to book your business travel gives you potential access to better deals on airfare, hotels, and car rentals. These systems often offer discounted rates that are not available to the general public. Additionally, they provide a consolidated itinerary, which helps keep track of plans and meetings, thus streamlining the booking process.

Expensify stands out as a robust travel management solution that simplifies expense reporting. Here’s a quick glimpse of how Expensify can make booking business travel easier:

How Expensify Travel helps you manage your travel expenses

Expensify Travel is specially designed to simplify how to track travel expenses for businesses of all sizes. With our mobile app, say goodbye to the stress of expense reporting with features such as receipt scanning and automated categorization, allowing you to capture and organize expenses on the go.

Using Expensify Travel has several benefits:

Receipt scanning : Snap and upload receipts instantly.

Automated categorization : Expenses are sorted with ease.

Mobile app : Manage expenses anytime, anywhere.

Travel planning and booking : Streamline your itinerary.

Prepopulated expense rules : Only see inventory in policy.

Soft and hard approvals : More control on spend.

Collaborative trip rooms : To support employees more with their travel.

But we don’t just stop at tracking. Expensify helps you with planning and booking, equipping you with the tools to maintain accurate travel expense reports, and ensuring that every dollar spent is accounted for, all with unparalleled ease.

Travel expense management: Additional tips and best practices

Here are some additional tips and best practices to make the process of travel expense management more efficient:

Save receipts electronically : Transition to electronic means using a receipt scanning app. This ensures all receipts are well-organized and accessible for travel expense reports.

Set spending limits : Reasonable spending caps, particularly for meals and entertainment, can help control costs without impeding the travel experience. The Expensify Card does just that; with Smart Limits , it caps unaccounted-for expenses so you don’t get any surprises.

Plan in advance : Early bookings for flights and accommodations generally secure better rates, offering substantial savings.

Separate business and personal expenses : Diligently separate personal expenditures from business ones to simplify expense tracking and ensure accurate reporting.

Utilize travel work tools : Embrace business travel management solutions for seamless tracking, categorizing, and compiling expense reports. These tools save time and reduce errors.

FAQs about travel management solutions

Does my employer have to pay my travel expenses.

Generally, if travel is required for your job and takes place within your usual working hours, employers are typically responsible for covering those expenses. This can include transportation, lodging, and meals. However, policies vary greatly between companies, and some expenses may be subject to limits or require prior approval. Check your employment contract, the company's travel policy, or consult with the HR department.

What is the maximum you can claim on travel expenses?

The IRS does not specify a maximum claim limit for travel expenses. Instead, these expenses must be ordinary and necessary for business operations. However, to be deductible, travel expenses must be substantiated with adequate records or evidence to support the expenditure. Moreover, certain expenses like meals are subject to limitations—such as the 50% deductibility rule—and must conform to the current per diem rates established by the General Services Administration (GSA) for travel within the continental United States and by the Department of State for international travel.

Can I claim travel expenses if I am self-employed?

When self-employed, you can claim travel expenses to work if they are solely for business purposes. This includes trips to meet clients, travel between job sites, or attending business conferences. However, daily commutes from home to a permanent workplace are not typically deductible.

Other than airfare and ground travel, what other expenses to consider while traveling?

Managing travel expenses extends beyond just airfare and ground transportation. Other significant costs to consider are:

Accommodations: from budget hotels to luxury resorts.

Meals and entertainment: restaurant bills, groceries for self-catered stays, and networking event costs.

Connectivity: roaming charges, internet access, and Wi-Fi hotspot rentals.

Insurance: travel insurance policies to cover health emergencies or trip cancellations.

Registration fees: for conferences, workshops, or trade shows.

Miscellaneous: includes tips, laundry, currency exchange fees, and other incidentals.

How much do you get per mile for travel expenses?

According to the IRS , the standard mileage rate for a car, van, pickup, or panel truck for business miles driven in 2024 is 67 cents per mile. This rate is designed to cover not just the cost of gas but also the wear and tear on the vehicle. Remember to check the current rates each year, as they can change based on fluctuations in the cost of operating a vehicle.

Shaelyn Combs

Shaelyn is a PNW resident whose main hobby is trying new hobbies. For now, you can probably find her knee-deep in the river, making noise on a ukulele, or in the garden getting overly excited about growing a new vegetable - always with her two rescue pups by her side.

Jetset with ease when you track your expenses with Expensify

Tracking travel expenses just got a whole lot easier with Expensify as your copilot.

Expensify values your privacy. We’ll never sell your personal information to others.

Expense Management
Spend Management
Expense Reports
Company Card
Receipt Scanning App
ExpensifyApproved!
ExpensifyHelp
Expensify App
About Expensify
Expensify.org
Investor Relations

Get Started

Create a new account

The Expensify Visa® Commercial Card is issued by The Bancorp Bank, N.A. pursuant to a license from Visa U.S.A. Inc. and may not be used at all merchants that accept Visa cards. Apple® and the Apple logo® are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. App Store is a service mark of Apple Inc. Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google LLC.

Money transmission is provided by Expensify Payments LLC (NMLS ID:2017010) pursuant to its licenses .

Do I need travel insurance for my summer vacation? It's complicated.

Travel insurance can be complicated, but it's worth it if you have travel expenses that insurance would cover.
You might not need travel insurance if you're taking a driving vacation and staying in a place where lodging is free.
If you're leaving the country, you'll likely need travel insurance.

Get more news like this delivered to your inbox by signing up for our Travel newsletter here .

If you're planning to travel somewhere this summer, you're probably thinking of buying travel insurance.

Kingsley Hopkins is. He's headed to Portugal and Iceland with his girlfriend, and he wants to make sure he's covered for things like medical emergencies or trip disruptions, "or if a volcano erupts," he said.

Check out Elliott Confidential , the newsletter the travel industry doesn't want you to read. Each issue is filled with breaking news, deep insights, and exclusive strategies for becoming a better traveler. But don't tell anyone!

But getting the right travel insurance can be complicated. There's no one-size-fits-all policy, and Hopkins, an assistant editor at a book publishing company in New York, has been spending a lot of time thinking about how to protect his summer vacation.

Learn more: Best travel insurance

Chances are, so have you.

Why finding the right travel insurance is so hard

Most surveys suggest this will be a record summer for travel. How much of a record? Demand is so high that some airlines are afraid they will run out of planes. Now that's busy.

At the same time, danger and uncertainty are lurking everywhere – wars in Europe and the Middle East, the usual slate of natural disasters like hurricanes and maybe a volcano or two. It's no wonder people are giving some serious thought to insurance.

Older travelers are particularly worried. And they should be, said PK Rao, CEO of INF Visitor Care . Claims by travelers over age 50 spike during the summer months.

Warning: American tourists are being profiled. Don't be one of them.

Try this pro trick for an affordable and stress-free summer vacation

"According to our claim data, medical emergencies tend to uptick during the summer, especially for those going on trips that involve outdoor activities," he said.

But there are so many choices out there, including credit card coverage, medical evacuation membership programs and stand-alone travel insurance. What should you get?

You need peace of mind

But don't just reflexively start shopping for a travel insurance policy this summer. Instead, look for peace of mind – knowing that if something goes wrong, you'll be taken care of.

"Knowing you're protected from unforeseen travel mishaps – like delays, lost baggage and even medical emergencies – can make the trip that much more enjoyable,” said Daniel Durazo, a spokesman for Allianz Partners USA .

As it turns out, there are several ways to get the peace of mind you need. And there are times when you can safely skip travel insurance.

This is when you don't need insurance

Here's when you can skip travel insurance, according to experts:

◾ If you already have coverage. "You may already have travel coverage through your benefits at work, your credit card, or through group benefits with an organization," said Jiten Puri, CEO of PolicyAdvisor.com. If you do, there's no need to buy more coverage. You're all set.

◾ If you're not traveling far. If you're taking a driving vacation and staying in a place where lodging is free, like a relative's sofa, then there's not much to insure. "If you already have health insurance, it may cover you for a domestic trip, so you don't need to think about health insurance coverage," said Joe Cronin, CEO of International Citizens Insurance .

◾ If your trip isn't insurable. Traditional travel insurance covers conventional trips with prepaid, nonrefundable components like airline tickets and hotel stays. You might find that you either already have coverage through your medical insurance, or the trip is essentially uninsurable.

So think twice before saying "yes" to optional travel insurance that your online travel agency may offer you when you're booking a trip. You might not need it.

Here's when you need travel insurance

But most travelers should consider some kind of travel insurance coverage this summer. Here's when you need the extra coverage:

◾ If you have travel expenses that insurance would cover. "If you have many prepaid, nonrefundable expenses, it's best to take out travel insurance," said Lauren Gumport, a spokeswoman for Faye Travel Insurance ."This includes things like flights, hotel rooms, tickets and activities." The more conventional your vacation, the likelier travel insurance is to cover almost every aspect of your summer vacation.

◾ If you're leaving the country. "Your regular medical insurance might not extend coverage beyond your home borders," said John Rose, chief risk and security officer at ALTOUR . Also, many countries require travel insurance for entrance. They include Bermuda, Qatar, Sri Lanka, and some European countries.

◾ If you can't afford to lose your trip. "When considering travel insurance for your summer trip, evaluate whether you can afford to lose your vacation investment due to unforeseen circumstances like illness, weather disruptions, or emergencies," explained Robert Gallagher, president of the US Travel Insurance Association (USTIA). "Can you afford the financial risk if you miss your cruise departure because of covered flight delays? What if you have to cut your trip short because of illness?"

One of the most common mistakes travelers make is assuming their credit card will cover them. For example, I found that my credit card only covered my rental car as secondary insurance, which made it completely useless when I rented a car in Tampa recently. I had to buy a standalone policy from Allianz to cover the vehicle.

Should you repeat your vacation? Let's settle this once and for all.

Junk fees: Travelers are drowning in junk fees during the summer of surcharges

How one traveler insured his summer vacation

So, how did Hopkins handle his travel insurance needs? Well, as I mentioned – it's complicated.

Hopkins said he always buys some travel insurance before he takes a trip, "but how much, and what I cover, varies," he explained.

He decided that his path to peace of mind in this case was to spend a few extra dollars: He made fully refundable flight and hotel reservations, just in case something went wrong. That would eliminate a lengthy claim with his travel insurance company or credit card.

But he still needed at least $50,000 in medical coverage with emergency evacuation because of his active schedule.

"We’re going to be doing a lot of hiking in Iceland," he said. "And you just never know."

At the beginning of the year, he decided to buy an annual Medjet Horizon plan, a membership that would get him from a hospital in Portugal or Iceland to a hospital at home, in case something happened.

For insurance, Hopkins checked TravelInsurance.com to find an affordable travel insurance policy. He found coverage through Trawick International that pays up to $50,000 in medical expenses and up to $200,000 for an evacuation.

"I’ve heard good things about them," he said. "Hopefully, we won’t need any of it."

How do I insure my trips?

I'm on the road about 360 days a year, so I'm always thinking about peace of mind. I currently use a Wells Fargo credit card with lots of travel benefits, and I have long-term policies through Faye and Cigna, which have worked fairly well. I also am a long-time Medjet Horizon member. If I rent a car, I turn to Allianz for my primary coverage.

I know – that's a lot of peace of mind.

But I've also run into trouble and had to use many of those benefits. Medjet got me back home during the pandemic. Cigna covered me after a serious ski accident in Switzerland. My old Allianz policy took care of my medical expenses when I had to see a doctor in Santa Fe, New Mexico, a few years ago.

Like I always say, when it comes to having enough insurance, better safe than sorry.

Christopher Elliott is an author, consumer advocate, and journalist. He founded Elliott Advocacy , a nonprofit organization that helps solve consumer problems. He publishes Elliott Confidential , a travel newsletter, and the Elliott Report , a news site about customer service. If you need help with a consumer problem, you can reach him here or email him at [email protected] .

The Key Points at the top of this article were created with the assistance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and reviewed by a journalist before publication. No other parts of the article were generated using AI. Learn more .

Money blog: Pret ditches 'too good to be true' deal'; one of UK's top plastic surgery firms collapses

Welcome to the Money blog, your place for personal finance and consumer news and tips. Leave a comment with your thoughts below.

Thursday 18 July 2024 21:04, UK

Pret ditches 'too good to be true' deal
Global payments issue resolved
One of UK's largest plastic surgery providers collapses
Earnings growth falls - and it could have wider consequences
Sainsbury's increases meal deal price

Essential reads

We tried UK's cheapest three-course dinner - here's what you get for £4/£5
Best savings accounts right now
Women in Business: 'I set up business with £200 and went on Dragons' Den - now it's worth £1.5m'
Basically... What happens when you go bankrupt?
Money Problem : 'A £16 phone bill debt has put a default on my credit record and now I can't get a mortgage - what can I do?'

Ask a question or make a comment

Pret A Manger is scrapping its popular five coffees a day subscription deal - but is also cutting prices of a number of products.

Under the current club offer, which has been running since 2020, customers pay £30 a month for the free drinks and a 20% discount on the rest of its menu.

But, from 3 September, Club Pret members will pay £10 a month to receive 50% off on up to five barista-made drinks a day.

The "simpler" scheme will initially launch at £5 a month for existing and new subscribers, but will increase on 31 March 2025.

The change also means an end to the 20% discount, with the chain saying it "never really got comfortable" with dual pricing.

Pret's managing director Clare Clough said: "It's almost four years since we introduced our coffee subscription at the height of the pandemic, and I'm proud of the role Club Pret has played for us and our customers since.

"It was an innovative way to reconnect with our loyal customers and introduce Pret to tens of thousands of new ones, bringing customers back into our shops with an offer that almost seemed 'too good to be true'.

"Four years and over a quarter of a billion coffees later, we have decided that it’s time to rethink how it works."

In March, the chain implemented a crackdown to prevent Club Pret subscribers from sharing free drinks.

Some customers were exploiting loopholes by sharing subscription benefits.

Since then, club members have been required to use the app to redeem their complimentary drinks.

Pret also announced that its signature 100% organic arabica filter coffee would drop from £1.80 to 99p, and its all butter croissant will also drop from £2.30 to £1.99.

An increasing number of police officers in one of the country's biggest forces are said to be looking for second jobs due to rising living costs.

Sue Murphy, head of vetting and security at Thames Valley Police, said in a report that more staff and officers were looking for a second income "due to the high cost of living and high cost of housing" in the region.

According to the Bucks Free Press , the report said officers used to engage in "'hobby' type roles" - but some were now needing to generate further income to support their families.

Police officers are allowed to take on additional jobs outside their regular work if their force approves it.

According to Ms Murphy's report, Thames Valley Police is "carefully monitoring" the situation in the force, where there has been "continuous turnover of staff" and the risk of an "exhausted workforce" due to staff opting to work longer hours.

Sky News has contacted Thames Valley Police for comment.

NatWest and TSB have become the latest major lenders to announce a range of mortgage rate cuts.

NatWest will reduce five-year purchase deals by up to 0.23% from tomorrow.

Two-year purchase deals will also decrease by up to 0.14%.

Remortgage offers will fall by up to 0.18% and first-time buyer deals will be cut by up to 0.14%.

TSB has said it will reduce rates on two-year fixed first-time buyer and home mover deals by up to 0.1%, and two-year fixed remortgage offers by up to 0.15%.

The cuts come despite markets now pricing in a less than 50% chance of a Bank of England base rate cut in August - following yesterday's higher-than-expected inflation data.

Hannah Bashford, director at Model Financial Solutions, said the rate changes were "symbolic given the inflation data".

"The war of rates is still raging. Hopefully the competition between banks and a tussle to be at the top and win business for the second half of the year will mean rates continue to fall throughout the summer," she told Newspage.

Earlier this week, Virgin Money, Accord Mortgages, The Mortgage Works and Co-op Bank all dropped their rates as they started looking ahead to the Bank of England's interest rate decision in August.

Carpetright's biggest rival has moved closer to buying its troubled competitor.

Tapi, which was set up by the family who founded Carpetright, has placed a formal bid to purchase the brand name and a number of stores.

If approved, the deal could save hundreds of stores and jobs.

Carpetright put itself up for sale last week, appointing PwC as an administrator.

It currently trades from more than 270 stores across the UK.

Sky News has contacted Tapi and Carpetright for comment.

A global payments issue that hit the Bank of England this afternoon has been resolved - you can read more about this in our 15.03 post.

The Bank has just issued a statement saying a third-party supplier has fixed the problem and payments are "settling as normal".

"We expect that all payments received by the Bank today will be settled by the end of the day," it says.

"If you are concerned about a CHAPS payment you plan to make or receive today, please contact your bank, or other payment service provider."

Sky News understands the problem was not caused by a cyber incident.

The CHAPS system is used for high-value payments, meaning some house purchases have been delayed today.

One of the UK's largest plastic surgery providers has collapsed.

The Skin Group, which has more than 70 branches across the UK, was also the owner of Skin Clinics, the Harley Medical Group, Skin Brands the Skin Experts and ABC Medical.

In a message to customers, it said all the brands had "ceased trading".

Its website displayed a note saying the company had "undertaken an extensive process to secure investment to enable it to continue trading but sadly we've been unsuccessful".

"We recognise this outcome will have a significant impact on our team members and our customers and we are deeply sorry for the stress and inconvenience this has caused."

Clients still awaiting test results will be contacted as soon as possible, it added.

Communications firm Kendrick, which was Skin's PR agency, wrote in a post on Instagram that it was "blindsided" by the news.

"We have no information as yet regarding how things are being managed by Skin or the administrators, or how cancelled patient appointments / payments etc will be redressed," it said.

"We are sorry to have no news to share – this situation has blindsided us all. Should anything change in this regard, we will share relevant updates on our channels."

A "global payments issue" has hit the Bank of England's CHAPS service.

The issue is causing delays to high-value and time-sensitive payments, including some house purchases, the Bank says.

"We are mindful of the impact this is likely to have and are working closely with a third-party supplier, industry and other authorities to resolve the issue as promptly as possible," it says.

Retail payment systems and cash machines have not been affected.

It is not clear how many payments have been impacted by the issue, which the Bank has been aware of since midday.

Sky News understands a cyber incident has been ruled out.

Director of Thomas Legal, Chris Barry says the issue will affect property exchanges and completions up and down the country today.

"Whilst many completions are preset and happen earlier in the day, some will still happen between the issue being announced and the cut off of 4pm," he told Newspage.

"For many, this has just made an already stressful day even more stressful. Most contracts have a 12pm or 1pm hard time embedded, so if the payment is being made now, they are technically in breach of contract."

CHAPS is one of the largest high-value payment systems in the world.

High street banks and a number of international banks use the system to make large payments, with the system processing around £350bn a day.

It can also be used by people spending lots of money - up to millions of pounds - on items such as cars, boats and properties.

Our business presenter Ian King says it's not uncommon for CHAPS to experience problems, but the fact it's a global issue "does raise one or two eyebrows".

"The problems usually crop up when one bank or another is experiencing a particularly heavy workload, and that's when delays can happen," he says.

"Potentially, it could cause a lot of aggravation for people who are trying to complete on a housing transaction today.

"It is a big part of the financial plumbing for the financial services industry."

Has your house purchase been delayed because of the issue? If so, we would like to hear from you.

To get in touch, send us a message on WhatsApp.

By doing so, you agree we can broadcast, publish and edit the material without any payment being due to you.

By James Sillars , business reporter

There has been no second interest rate cut by the European Central Bank (ECB), as widely expected.

The body responsible for monetary policy in the euro area maintained its current guidance on the path ahead following its latest meeting.

As such, there were no hints about what the governing council might do at its next meeting in September.

The rates announcement said that domestic price pressures remained elevated, and inflation would remain above the ECB's 2% target well into next year.

For Savings Guide this week, Savings Champion co-founder Anna Bowes explains why savers should be excited by yesterday's inflation figures...

Headline inflation as measured by the Consumer Prices Index remained at the government target of 2% for June.

It returning to these levels means prices are rising less quickly than they have been over the last couple of years.

For savers, it means that, currently, over 90% of savings accounts are offering a rate that beats the rising current cost of living.

But savers should be aware there are still accounts out there paying less than 2%.

The National Savings & Investments Investment Account is paying just 1% - when you could earn 5.2% in the Ulster Bank Loyalty Account.

On a deposit of £10,000, that would mean that you'd earn just £100 rather than £520 with over 12 months.

More importantly, with your cash earning less than inflation, it is failing to keep up with the rising cost of living, so the real value of your cash is being decimated.

There are currently more accounts than ever for savers to choose from, but don't let choice paralysis and inertia stop you from earning the interest you deserve.

Here are some of your other options...

Santander has announced it will "now stop any payments with profanities in the reference" for its business banking customers.

Several high street banks do not allow swearing in the references already so Santander is not alone, but it has still raised a few eyebrows.

A Santander spokesperson told the Money team it had implemented the guidance to protect customers.

"Sadly, we've seen an increase in the number of customers receiving abusive messages and threats via faster payment messages," they said.

"This can include customers in abusive relationships or those that have put restraining orders in place to protect themselves, and go on to receive death threats and targeted abuse in payments being made to them.

"We hope that this new guidance will help our most vulnerable customers and protect them from receiving abuse via payments."

You can let us know your thoughts on the changes in the comments section above - but here's what some business people told Newspage...

Graham Cox, director at Self-Employed Mortgage Hub, said: "When you consider the vile comments left on social media these days, it can't be much fun for Santander's staff constantly viewing profanities on banking transactions."

Stephen Perkins, managing director at Yellow Brick Mortgages, said Santander censoring and blocking payments seemed "a little heavy-handed".

"While it's great that Santander cares about decency, this move feels a bit like your overly strict aunt scolding you for harmless jokes. We really don't need Big Brother banking," said Ranald Mitchell, director at Charwin Mortgages.

And Hannah Bashford, director at Model Financial Solutions, said: "Santander's proposal to filter profanities in the business banking app is unnecessary and may have the unintended consequence of blocking business for some the Britain's rudest named villages.

"Does that mean all holidays to Sandy Balls are cancelled?"

Be the first to get Breaking News

Install the Sky News app for free

IMAGES

Learn About the Benefits of Travel Insurance (2023)
Understand The Benefits Of Having Travel Insurance ~ Techswizz
Invest In Travel Insurance 101 For Safe Travel
What are the benefits of Travel Insurance?
What Are the Benefits of Travel Insurance Policy
Travel Insurance: Benefits, Types & Why You Need One

VIDEO

Tax Benefit On Term Insurance Premium || How To Save Tax On Term Insurance Premium || Term Insurance
80D Tax Benefits
SHOULD THESE CONTENT CREATORS WORK IN JAMAICA WITHOUT WORK PERMIT?
খেলোয়াড় ( Khiladi )
Benefits of International Travel Insurance
Important Travel Insurance Claim Process Details

COMMENTS

Is My Travel Insurance Tax Deductible?
Yes, you can deduct travel insurance from your taxes, but only if it's travel medical insurance. This type of travel insurance qualifies as a medical expense and can be included with other medical expenses in your filing to see if you exceed the threshold necessary to itemize deductions on your tax return. As for other types of travel coverage ...
Publication 502 (2023), Medical and Dental Expenses
On your 2023 tax return, you are allowed a premium tax credit of $3,600 and must repay $600 excess advance credit payments (which is less than the repayment limitation). You are treated as paying $5,100 ($8,700 less the allowed premium tax credit of $3,600) for health insurance premiums in 2023.
Understanding business travel deductions
Business travel deductions are available when employees must travel away from their tax home or main place of work for business reasons. A taxpayer is traveling away from home if they are away for longer than an ordinary day's work and they need to sleep to meet the demands of their work while away. Travel expenses must be ordinary and ...
How to Find the Best Travel Insurance
Nerdy takeaways. Travel insurance can cover medical expenses, emergencies, trip interruptions, baggage, rental cars and more. Cost is affected by trip length, pre-existing medical conditions ...
What Does Travel Insurance Cover?
What is covered by travel insurance. Most plans typically cover a range of trip protections, including accidental death and dismemberment, baggage delay or loss, emergency medical coverage and ...
How to Get Reimbursed from Travel Insurance Claims Quickly
Travel insurance claims are the system through which a traveler submits documentation to their insurance provider for reimbursement of a covered expense. This reimbursement is not guaranteed ...
7 Allowed Tax Deductions for Travel Expenses
1. Airfare. Airfare is a deductible expense when traveling for business purposes. This includes flights to and from your business destination. It's important to note that if you extend your trip for personal reasons, only the portion of airfare directly related to business activities is deductible. 2. Vehicle Expenses.
How to Reduce Your Taxes with Travel Insurance
Save up to 25% on your travel insurance. get a quick quote. or call us at 1-855-221-4555. The portion of your travel insurance that covers medical expenses may be considered an eligible medical expense by Revenu Québec and the Canada Revenue Agency. This means that a portion of the costs you incur for this insurance may allow you to claim a ...
16 Self-Employed Tax Deductions and Benefits
IRS Publication 587: Business Use of Your Home (Including Use by Day-Care Providers): A document published by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that provides information on how taxpayers who use ...
Do you ever owe taxes on insurance benefits?
Benefits: Sometimes taxable. Whether disability insurance benefits are taxable depends on how you paid your premiums, says Sherman. "If you pay your premiums with pretax income, then the ...
Are my Travel Insurance Premiums Tax Deductible?
Reduce the Cost of Your Travel Medical Insurance by Claiming a Tax Credit! Canadian travellers may be eligible to get some money back for travel medical insurance premiums. Travel insurance can be expensive, particularly if you travel for extended periods of time, have pre-existing health conditions, or are a more mature traveller. ...
Deducting Travel Insurance on Your Taxes
The deductible travel expenses, for a business trip, would include the cost of travel insurance, visa fees, customs fees, and books about the destination (TC Memo 1998-272), and would be deductible on Schedule C as a travel expense for a self-employed individual or as a Schedule A, miscellaneous itemized deduction for an employee. Although ...
Travel Insurance: What Does It Cover and Is It Worth It?
A travel insurance policy typically costs between 4 and 10% of the overall price of your trip. The cost can vary: Plans with higher limits and more optional coverage cost more. A plan with a CFAR ...
12 Best Travel Insurance Companies Of July 2024
The Best Travel Insurance Companies. PrimeCover - Best for Evacuation. Travel Insured International - Best for Non-Medical Evacuation. WorldTrips - Great for Add-On Coverage. TravelSafe ...
Here's what taxpayers need to know about business related travel
Tax Tip 2022-104, July 11, 2022 — Business travel can be costly. Hotel bills, airfare or train tickets, cab fare, public transportation - it can all add up fast. The good news is business travelers may be able off-set some of those cost by claiming business travel deductions when they file their taxes.
When Can I Deduct Health Insurance Premiums On My Taxes?
You can only deduct the out-of-pocket portion of your employer-sponsored health insurance premium if you take the itemized deduction on your tax return. And even then, "the premiums can only be ...
Claiming a tax deduction for business travel expenses
Expenses you can claim. Your business can claim a deduction for travel expenses related to your business, whether the travel is taken within a day, overnight, or for many nights. Expenses you can claim include: airfares. train, tram, bus, taxi, or ride-sourcing fares. car hire fees and the costs you incur (such as fuel, tolls and car parking ...
4 Best Annual Travel Insurance Options in 2024
Here are some of the best travel credit cards of 2024: Flexibility, point transfers and a large bonus: Chase Sapphire Preferred® Card. No annual fee: Bank of America® Travel Rewards credit card ...
Travel Expenses are Tax Deductible or Not: Here You Know
The travel expenses under LTA are only covered under the Old Tax Regime of the Income Tax Act, 1961. While it may sound rather simple, there are many aspects that need to be kept in mind when claiming a tax deduction for LTA. Let us first take a look at the conditions that are essential for claiming LTA. The employee must be on leave to qualify ...
Are Health Insurance Premiums Tax-Deductible?
You can withdraw or deduct up to $450 tax-free to pay long-term care premiums in 2021 and 2022 if you're age 40 or younger, $850 if you're 41 to 50, $1,690 if you're 51 to 60, $4,510 ($4,520 ...
Keep up with state tax rules for travel insurance premiums
Many states are adopting travel insurance rules based on the Travel Insurance Model Law created in 2018 by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Insurers should be aware of new state regulations to make sure they are complying with tax requirements that states are adopting. For more information on the emerging regulatory ...
How to apply for help from FEMA after Hurricane Beryl
Acting Governor Dan Patrick said he spoke with Biden on the phone Tuesday to request the declaration that will help speed up the recovery process with financial aid.
Travel Insurance: An Expensive Lesson In Getting the Coverage You Need
As always, I had purchased travel insurance. As always, I assumed cancellation coverage was for any cancellation of a common carrier resulting in you losing non-refundable deposits. I also assumed that purchasing "travel interruption for any reason" coverage for 75% of the trip cost meant just that, for any reason.
Publication 463 (2023), Travel, Gift, and Car Expenses
The maximum amount you can elect to deduct for section 179 property (including cars, trucks, and vans) you placed in service in tax years beginning in 2023 is $1,160,000. This limit is reduced by the amount by which the cost of section 179 property placed in service during the tax year exceeds $2,890,000.
American Express Travel Protection: Insurance Benefits and ...
New trip cancellation and interruption insurance from American Express credit cards will provide you with up to $10,000 in coverage (and up to $20,000 per account per year) you can use for ...
Is Travel Insurance Worth It in July 2024?
How to maximize your rewards. You want a travel credit card that prioritizes what's important to you. Here are some of the best travel credit cards of 2024: Flexibility, point transfers and a ...
4 Reasons That Buying Travel Insurance Will Save You ...
However, travel insurance often comes with trip protection benefits that can reimburse travelers for these exact situations. "Losing baggage during transit is a nightmare, but a good travel insurance policy can provide compensation for lost, stolen or even delayed baggage items," Kullberg said.
Your guide to travel management solutions
Travel management solutions optimize handling business travel expenses through enhanced tracking, faster reimbursements, and centralized organization, ensuring that every dollar spent is accounted for effectively. One of the top benefits of a travel management solution is the ability to track and categorize business travel expenses effortlessly.
Here's when you need travel insurance (and when you don't)
If your trip isn't insurable. Traditional travel insurance covers conventional trips with prepaid, nonrefundable components like airline tickets and hotel stays. You might find that you either ...
Money blog: Santander swearing ban receives mixed reaction
Welcome to the Money blog, your place for personal finance and consumer news and tips. Leave a comment with your thoughts below.

Table of contents