best month to travel to antarctica

Antarctica By Month: Best Time To Go To Antarctica

Antarctica is one of the most intrepid destinations that you can visit in the world, and the great southern continent sees few visitors each year. 

This is a remote and isolated place, and travel to the region is very much dependent on the weather. And the weather is extreme, ensuring that you need to choose wisely, the best time to visit Antarctica. 

For much of the year, the continent is entirely closed off to tourists, and only a few hardy scientists are found braving the cold depths of winter at inhospitable research stations.

Ships and tourist expeditions don’t run during the southern winter, and it’s impossible to travel to Antarctica as a tourist between April and October. 

The brief summer season runs from November through to March, and this is the best time to visit Antarctica and the only time to visit! 

But within this travel window, your experience can vary from month to month. At the start and end of the season, you’ll need to endure rough seas, but you’ll have the chance to see enormous icebergs.

If you want to see the wildlife at its most active then you’ll need to visit between December and February, when the weather is at its best. 

There’s a lot to consider when you’re planning your journey to the continent, but to help you out, here’s our guide to choosing the best time to visit Antarctica. 

Best Time to Visit Antarctica: Month by Month Breakdown

Table of Contents

Late October/November in Antarctica

November is the beginning of the expedition season in Antarctica, although some ships may begin to depart from Cape Horn to the southern seas in late October. 

For most travelers though, November is still a month that many choose to avoid because the continent is still transitioning into spring and then summer. What that means in practical terms, is that the weather is incredibly unpredictable still. 

While temperatures are beginning to edge above freezing for the first time in months, the seas can still be rough and storms can strike out of nowhere. If you’re prone to seasickness, this is not a good time to be crossing the Drake Passage from South America. 

But while the weather isn’t at its summery best yet, there are many positives to visiting in November. For starters, cruises can be cheaper, but more than this, the landscapes are at their most otherworldly. 

With so much snow and ice, it’s possible to join snowshoe tours or even to ski when you visit Antarctica in November, while you’ll also encounter the largest icebergs and the vast ice sheets that have yet to melt. 

Life is also beginning to return to the continent in November, and not just in the form of tourists. Albatross and other birds will be seen in the skies, while in the water, Humpback Whales and Minke Whales often begin to return to the southern oceans as things begin to warm up.

You’ll also see penguins and seals, while a fantastic bonus of traveling in November is the fact that the sun still sets, meaning you can enjoy fiery Antarctic sunsets in the sky. 

Check Quark Expeditions for great deals on expeditions to Antarctica from Oct to Nov.

December in Antarctica

December is when the tourist season begins, and this can be the best time to visit Antarctica if you want to experience more of the local wildlife, yet still catch the last remnants of the cold, dark winter that preceded spring earlier in the year. 

This isn’t quite at peak season yet, but it’s getting there, and you’ll find ships can be quieter and not as crowded, while costs might be slightly lower at the start of the month, than January and February when it’s officially the high season in Antarctica. 

The weather is much more pleasant in December than in November, but temperatures are still low, this is Antarctica, remember.

Travel further south, to the Antarctic Peninsula and you can enjoy 24 hours of daylight and experience the midnight sun, while you’ll still have the opportunity to see big icebergs and huge ice sheets in the south. 

Wildlife is much more active, especially further north in the South Shetland Islands where things are getting positively warm. You can see the start of the penguin nesting and hatching season, and across the continent, penguin activity is constantly on the up in December. 

Whales are more common than in November, as the water begins to get warmer. As you head down south, you might be lucky to spot migratory species as they too make the same journey as you. 

And of course, book a tour towards the end of the month and you can even spend Christmas in Antarctica, perhaps the only place in the Southern Hemisphere where you can guarantee that you’ll have a white Christmas! 

This is when we explored Antarctica with Quark Expeditions on their MV Sea Adventurer ship that departed from Ushuaia, Argentina and we explored the South Shetland Islands and Antarctica Peninsula.

January in Antarctica

January is when the tourist season begins across the great southern continent, and this is the best time to visit Antarctica if you want to enjoy the best weather and the best of the wildlife. 

January and late December are incredibly popular, so you will need to book your expedition far in advance, especially if there are particular places you want to visit, as itineraries can vary from ship to ship. 

This is summer, and you can expect temperatures to reach highs of 15 degrees Celsius, which for Antarctica, is positively scorching hot. 

This is a great time for whale watching, as many more species will have made their way here and you might be lucky enough to spot Blue Whales and Orcas from your boat. 

On the islands and the peninsula, penguin chicks are starting to hatch in enormous numbers and it’s the best time to visit Antarctica to see the mass colonies that can number in the tens of thousands in some places, such as on the aptly named Penguin Island. 

You’ll have 24 hours of daylight in some places too, and with icebergs and pack ice melting, you can also enjoy plenty of shore excursions that might have been impassable earlier in the season. It’s a good time for kayaking and even, if you’re brave enough, Antarctic camping! 

Check Quark Expeditions for great deals on expeditions to Antarctica in January.

February in Antarctica

February is the end of summer, but this is Antarctica and the weather can change drastically, and quickly. For most of the month, you’ll be enjoying temperatures well above freezing though, but the seas can start to get a little tougher though. 

Most of the pack ice and many of the icebergs have melted by February, which means that if you are looking to explore further south, along the Antarctic Peninsula and towards the South Pole, then this is the time to go. For shore excursions, this is also the best time, as bays and harbors are ice-free. 

On the islands and the peninsula, you’ll find that the penguins have hatched and the young penguins are learning how to stand on their own feet and survive in the harsh world of the Antarctic. It’s the perfect time to see the penguins in action, as well as their predators such as seals. 

Importantly though, February is the best time to visit the Antarctic if you are there for whale watching. This is when the seas are quite literally crowded with whales because by now they’ve all made their migrations to the south. 

In the waters of the Antarctic in February you can find an incredible array of different whale species. You’ll see enormous Blue Whales, packs of Orcas hunting, Minke Whales cruising through the waters and many more species too. 

Towards the end of February, the weather begins to get much colder, but for most of the month, it’s a great time to be in Antarctica. 

Check Quark Expeditions for great deals on expeditions to Antarctica in February.

March in Antarctica

When March comes around, it’s the end of the tourist season in Antarctica, but that doesn’t mean that it’s not a good time to travel here.  The weather is a lot colder than in the previous summer months, and the days are starting to get shorter too. 

In November, at the start of the season the seas, particularly the Drake Passage, will be much rougher and you may want to avoid March if you’re likely to be seasick. Quark Expeditions offers a flight to the Antarctic Peninsula flying over the Drake Passage allowing you to experience Antarctica the fastest and most direct way.

In March though, ships are again less crowded and you’re likely to get a better deal than in peak season, so it’s a more cost-effective time of the year to travel, as long as you don’t mind braving the low temperatures.

You can still see the whales in Antarctica too, and while many might be beginning their long voyage north for the winter months, on your crossing from South America you’ll certainly pass them.

The wildlife on land though is beginning to settle down for the harsh winter months that lie ahead, while many birds may have already migrated to warmer climes. 

You might not want to venture too far south either, as the days are much shorter and the weather even colder. The South Sandwich Islands though is very much still a great place to explore in March, and you can continue to enjoy iconic destinations such as Deception Island, King George Island, and many other places too before the season comes to a close at the end of the month. 

Our trip to Antarctica was in partnership with  Quark Expeditions , however all opinions are 100% mine, as always.

More on Antarctica:

• 34 Antarctica Cruise Tips You Must Know Before You Go
• Can You Go to Antarctica? Why on Earth Would You Want To!
• How to Visit Antarctica Responsibly: Antarctica Tourism Deep Dive
• 26 UNREAL Things to Do in Antarctica
• Crossing the Drake Passage: What It’s Really Like
• Deception Island: A different side of Antarctica
• Animals in Antarctica You Can See During a Visit
• 121 Epic Antarctica Facts
• Climate Change Awareness from Travel: How to Talk About It
• Ultimate Cruise Packing List (Cruise Essentials for Any Destination!)

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Lina is an award-winning photographer and writer that has been exploring the world since 2001. She has traveled to 100 countries on all 7 continents. Member: SATW, NATJA, ATTA, ITWA

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These are the best times to visit Antarctica

Dreaming of a cruise around the Antarctic Peninsula to spot leopard seals or to watch young penguins chase each other playfully around a rookery? Hoping to plunge into below-freezing Antarctic waters or see glaciers calve from the vantage point of a kayak? You'll need to find the best time to visit Antarctica to get the once-in-a-lifetime experience you crave.

Depending on what you want to do or see during your trip to Antarctica, you might favor an expedition earlier in the season or near the end. Certain months are better for camping and hiking on the continent, or for photographing whales and penguins. Some months confer longer days and warmer weather, while others may improve your chances of seeing the aurora australis, more commonly known as the southern lights.

For more TPG news delivered each morning to your inbox, sign up for our daily newsletter .

No matter your preference, you will certainly visit the White Continent during the austral summer. When the northern hemisphere is descending deeper into darkness, Antarctica is experiencing nearly 24 hours of sunlight — which means expeditions typically take place between late November and early to mid-March.

Here are the best times to visit Antarctica for the activities likely to be on your bucket list.

The best times to see wildlife

The best time to visit Antarctica to see wildlife depends on the animals you most want to see, and whether you have your heart set on photographing adorable baby penguins or whales breaching.

Travelers who visit Antarctica early in the season, typically in November, will likely see penguins nesting and protecting eggs. Fresh snowfall at this time can make for incredible photos — and wintry landscapes.

By December, visitors are more likely to see penguin hatchlings. I traveled to Antarctica in mid-December and missed the hatchlings by a week. My colleague, Gene Sloan, visited just 10 days later and saw many baby chicks during several landings.

The sweet spot for seeing chicks that are still small and fuzzy is late December through early January. As the season progresses, you'll find baby penguins turning into adolescents. When Sloan went back to Antarctica in early February, he found the same chicks he had seen as tiny balls of fluff had grown nearly as big as their parents.

Related: Is this the ultimate Antarctica cruise ship?

If whale watching is at the top of your list, visit Antarctica later in the season, in February or March, as that's the best time for cetacean spotting. This is when whales are more easily seen gathering together in large groups before migrating north. But even during my trip in December, we saw many humpback whales — and orcas were spotted in spades the following week.

Humpback whales, orcas and minke whales are all frequently spotted in Antarctic waters, though you might have luck catching a glimpse of more rare whale species too, such as sperm, fin and blue whales.

The best weather in Antarctica

Antarctica is the most extreme continent on the planet: It can be incredibly cold, dry and windy. In the leather folio I received for my December sailing with Atlas Ocean Voyages , I was told that temperatures during the Antarctic summer "usually reach between 30 and 40 degrees Fahrenheit," though this can vary depending on the specific month of your trip.

If you have an opportunity to land and walk on fast ice, as Gene did with Silversea Cruises during a late December trip, you'll want to aim for a trip early on in the season, as the fast ice melts away throughout the summer. It's possible to do this later in the season, but you'll need to venture much farther south, where it's colder.

January is the warmest month of the year in Antarctica, and good weather means better odds of kayaking and paddling around the Antarctic Peninsula and surrounding islands.

Likewise, snow can make landings more challenging and can make it harder or impossible to hike and camp on land. So, in addition to being colder and wetter, easy-season travel can have other complications.

The late summer months (February and March) can also make it possible to venture farther south, to parts of the region that are typically inaccessible, since more ice has melted.

The best times to visit Antarctica for photography

Antarctica is stunning no matter what time of year you decide to visit. But depending on the type of landscapes and wildlife you want to photograph, you might want to hone in on an early, mid- or late-summer trip.

Visit in late December during the summer solstice to capture the phenomenon of the midnight sun — and take full advantage of long days when you can squeeze in as much photography time as possible.

Related: The ultimate packing list for an Antarctica trip

If what you're after is an actual sunset or sunrise photo behind a backdrop of ice and mountains, you'll have more luck on the early and late ends of the season, when there's a more marked difference between day and night.

Or, aim to see the southern lights by visiting as late in the season as possible (March) when the days start getting shorter and you might get lucky on a particularly clear night.

Wildlife photographers should target the middle of the season, when there's a flurry of activity from penguins, whales, seals and other incredible animals.

Bottom line

The window for travel to Antarctica is relatively short, due to the continent's extreme and inhospitable weather. Even travelers on land-based excursions to Antarctica, such as the luxury eco camps by White Desert , will find the calendar of available dates is limited to travel between late November and early February.

To visit Antarctica at the time you think is best, book at least a year in advance.

Whether you're going to book an express flight to the continent or opt instead for a traditional sailing across the Drake Passage (one of the most violent bodies of water in the world no matter what time of year you plan to visit), you will love Antarctica in any season. Since this is often a once-in-a-lifetime destination, think carefully about the sights you want to see or the experiences you would love to have, then choose a trip in the right month to make your bucket-list dreams come true.

Planning a trip to Antarctica? Start with these stories:

• Dreaming of Antarctica: How to book the trip of a lifetime
• 7 tips for visiting Antarctica before it's too late
• 6 ways to travel to Antarctica in style and luxury
• 11 great expedition cruise vessels that will take you to Antarctica
• These 8 books are must reads before any Antarctica trip
• I just spent to night in an igloo in Antarctica — here's how you can, too

The Best Time To Visit Antarctica – Month By Month Breakdown

• Last Updated: December 12, 2023

Wondering when to visit Antarctica? Having personally visited the White Continent 6 times at different parts of the year, here is a month by month breakdown of what to expect and what it’s like to travel to Antarctica during the summer season of the Southern Hemisphere: November – March.

Antarctica is without a doubt, the wildest and most remote place on Earth.

We’ve been all over the world, spending 15 years travelling to 100+ countries, and we can honestly say that there is nowhere quite like here.

Only the most intrepid people make the trek down to this frozen continent at the globe’s Polar Circle. And it’s not necessarily an easy journey to make!

You shouldn’t just book a trip to Antarctica on a whim. A successful Antarctic expedition requires months and months of careful planning and preparation.

Not to mention, visiting Antarctica is expensive because it is such a rare and unique travel experience.

So if you’re going to spend your hard-earned money on this once-in-a-lifetime journey, knowing when to go is essential to your preparation as well!

Regardless of how rugged and remote the Antarctic Peninsula is, many travellers who make this trip south claim it’s the best trip of their lives.

Landscape photographers, wildlife enthusiasts, and adventure seekers flock to Antarctica for many reasons.

There are vast, untouched landscapes filled with colossal icebergs, fields of pack ice, dramatic displays of light, and icy Antarctic waters.

Penguins, whales, seals, and seabirds thrive in the Southern Ocean and down to the Antarctic Circle.

READ MORE: Discover everything else there is to know about the white continent in our detailed travel to Antarctica guide!

This continent is one of the best places in the world to see whales breaching, fluffy penguin chicks hatching, and seal pups frolicking.

If you’re ready to start planning a trip to the pristine snowy landscapes of Antarctica, it’s important to consider which month you’ll be visiting.

We’ve been at all the usual times – early season, peak season and late season – and know what to expect.

We also get hundreds of emails every year from people wanting to know the best time to go, so we’ve finally put this article together.

This article will serve as an ultimate guide to the best time to visit Antarctica! So read on for a month by month breakdown of the wildlife happenings and weather conditions of Antarctica!

Table of Contents

When is the Best Time to Visit Antarctica?

Best time to visit antarctica conclusions, what is the best month to go to antarctica, when should i visit antarctica.

It’s super important to research the best time to visit Antarctica before you book a trip down to the Polar Circle, so well done for finding your way to this article!

Tourists can only visit during the summer months, and it is recommended to start planning your trip at least 12 months in advance so you can figure out the best time and itinerary to go.

From November to March, Antarctica expedition cruises run frequently. But each month offers something a bit different!

After our very successful tour to Antarctica this season, we are going to be running another exclusive adventure down to the Peninsula in 2025, this time crossing the Antarctic Circle! Check out the Crossing the Antarctic Circle photography tour page if you’d like to learn more.

The best months for whale watching may not be the best months for seeing baby penguins for example.

Cooler temperatures mean massive icebergs, but warmer temperatures mean less sea ice and therefore further exploration into the Antarctic Circle.

Be sure to check out our list of what to do in Antarctica to help you prepare for your trip!

We will give a detailed explanation of each month in Antarctica and what that means for wildlife movements, trip costs, and landscapes!

Some Antarctica trips also include visits to nearby islands like South Georgia and the Falkland Islands, so we’ll mention some of the important happenings there as well.

Antarctic Summer Season – Month by Month Breakdown

This guide to the best time to visit Antarctica will only cover the ‘summer months’: November to March.

Some Antarctic cruises may begin in late October, but it’s pretty rare. And the ones that do are usually on a mission into the Weddell Sea to visit the emperor penguin colony at Snow Hill, which is a very different and costly expedition.

We would recommend visiting Antarctica no earlier than November.

Many people also wonder about crossing the Drake Passage , and whether this notoriously rough patch of ocean is calmer at certain times of the year.

Unfortunately, the infamous Drake Passage can be turbulent at any time of year, so you’ll just have to conquer that obstacle regardless.

Trust us though, it’s part of the experience and despite potentially being seasick for a few days, it’s a badge of honour you can always wear proudly.

With today’s modern ships (unlike Shackleton’s Endurance ) and sophisticated safety measures, crossing the Drake Passage isn’t necessarily dangerous, it’s just a bit rocky.

Just pop some motion sickness pills, relax, and enjoy the ride! You’ll be in Antarctica in no time!

Here is what you can expect when you arrive, depending on which month you visit.

November marks the start of the tourist season in Antarctica. That means relatively low prices and fewer tourists on the continent.

Cruise ships are just starting to arrive, and the wildlife is only just starting to become more active after a harsh winter.

Temperatures are still below freezing, snow levels are high, and icebergs are huge.

The plus side of these cold temperatures?

In November Antarctica’s landscape remains very much pure and untouched, with blankets of snow everywhere.

In a usual year, this is the only time to see significant blocks of sea ice before they start to melt over the summer.

The November sun is still quite low in the sky, which makes for spectacular sunsets.

Because of all these facts, our personal thoughts are, and many would agree that, November is the best time to visit Antarctica for landscape photographers!

In terms of wildlife, mating season is beginning for many species. Penguins begin mating and laying eggs.

You may even see some females waddling around with their eggs balanced on their feet.

In South Georgia, you’ll get to see elephant seals courting, which is a special, dramatic and confronting scene.

READ MORE: Want to see the huge king penguin colonies in South Georgia? Check out our expert guide on the best time to visit South Georgia !

And in the Falkland Islands, November is a great time to see wildflowers and active seabirds.

In late November, prices rise and tourism ramps up as the weather starts to get warmer!

If you had to pick the absolute best month for visiting Antarctica, December might be it.

Temperatures warm up to around 0 degrees Celsius! Yet because the summer has only just begun, you can still see some large icebergs lingering from winter.

By late December, the summer sun is in full swing. The sun rises and barely sets, leaving around 20-22 hours of daylight the further south you get.

Warmer weather and longer days mean ample time for exploring Antarctica. It also means that wildlife becomes extremely active, so get your cameras ready !

Migrating whales begin to pass through the Antarctic waters, ready to feed on nutrient-rich organisms in the cold ocean.

Humpback whales are starting to become more common, having finished their migration south from the tropics.

Penguin chicks are also starting to hatch! You can see baby penguins in early December on the Falkland Islands, though the chicks are more frequent towards the end of the month on the Antarctic Peninsula.

In South Georgia, elephant seal pups are born and courtship rituals for seabirds are common.

There is also an airstrip on King George Island that opens up in December if you’d rather fly to Antarctica than sail through the tumultuous Drake Passage.

A fair warning though – weather is unpredictable and flights aren’t 100% guaranteed, so you do run a risk that your trip may be shortened if the planes can’t land.

So in our personal opinion, December is arguably the best time to visit Antarctica, due to the warm weather, long days, and active wildlife. Keep in mind, this is also one of the most expensive times to visit Antarctica!

January is also considered peak season for travelling to Antarctica.

With almost 24 hours of daylight and temperatures around 10 degrees Celsius, many would consider January to be the best time to visit Antarctica.

This is the best time for land expeditions, as the snow and ice have receded, opening up more landing opportunities, and warm temperatures make hiking, Antarctica camping , and exploring more comfortable.

January means that sea ice breaks around the Antarctic Peninsula as well. So cruise ships can venture further into the continent, and the Ross Sea opens up for access.

Cruises into the Ross Sea are very exclusive. They are rare and expensive, but those who make the journey into the elusive Ross Sea can see the historic huts of previous explorers like Scott.

January is also the best time to see newborn penguin chicks on the Peninsula! These adorable critters are at their fluffiest in January, and the adult penguins are introducing their babies to the world.

You can also see penguin chicks in South Georgia. King penguins, gentoo penguins, macaroni penguins, and chinstrap penguins are common species to see on the island.

Seals and seal pups are also very active in both Antarctica and South Georgia. Fur seals are in the breeding season in South Georgia and therefore can be quite aggressive, so many operators struggle to make landings to ensure visitors keep their distance.

Whale sightings are also likely in January. Fin whales, minke whales, and orca whales make frequent appearances, though humpback whales are the most common ocean giants at this time.

READ MORE: Check out our list of the most interesting Antarctica facts we’ve learned!

As February approaches in Antarctica, summer is nearing its end. But temperatures are still quite high and sea ice and snow continues to shrink.

Sea ice is actually at its lowest in February. That means cruise ships can cross the Antarctic Circle with relative ease, and the Ross Sea is still open for access.

Penguin chicks are a bit older, meaning they’re more active and more inquisitive! You’ll often see parent penguins diving in and out of the water to find food for their growing chicks.

Active penguins also mean active predators. Orcas and leopard seals are easier to spot in February, as are fur seals and elephant seals.

February also offers amazing whale watching. Minke, sperm, southern right, and humpback whales are frolicking through the Antarctic waters, and blue whales might even make an appearance.

Seabirds are also playful in the late Antarctic summer. In South Georgia, you can even visit exclusive albatross nesting sites.

February offers great conditions for sailing and water activities like kayaking , though temperatures begin to drop later in the month.

One thing to consider though is that as there has been warmer temperatures and very little snow over the summer, many of the main landing sites will now be quite rocky and muddy.

They’ve also had thousands of people walk there before you, so the pristine feel is starting to fade and from a photographer’s perspective it’s not quite so unspoilt.

That’s not to say February is a bad time to go. The extra wildlife activity more than makes up for it.

March marks the end of the tourist season in the Antarctic Peninsula.

Temperatures start to get colder, daylight hours shrink creating epic sunrises and sunsets, and the weather starts to shift.

That also means there are fewer ships in Antarctica, and tour prices drop significantly.

By March, penguin chicks are a bit older and more curious. They’re often not afraid to walk right up to humans, so wildlife photographers will have a blast.

Baby penguins are molting as well, meaning they shed their grey fluff. Because snow cover is at its lowest since November, the landscapes aren’t as pristine in March as they were earlier in the season.

But March is by far the best time for whale watching in Antarctica!

Whales will have been feeding heavily for a couple of months now, so by March they become more playful and less focused on food.

It’s common to see whales breaching, and sometimes whales will even come right up to boats and kayaks to investigate what’s happening on the surface.

Fur seals and leopard seals are also still visible in March.

Sunrises and sunsets are more colourful as well because the sun is dropping lower in the sky again.

Don’t let the late season deter you – March is still a great time to visit Antarctica.

Can Tourists Visit the Antarctic Peninsula in Winter?

Though it’s not actually prohibited, tourists can’t really visit Antarctica in the winter.

During winter in the Southern Ocean, conditions are just not suitable for tourists to visit. The hours of daylight decrease rapidly.

By the peak of winter, the sun doesn’t rise at all, leaving the continent in complete darkness.

Temperatures are often -50 degrees Celsius, and snow and ice storms are common. Sea ice covers all the normal points of entry for ships as well.

You won’t find any Antarctica cruises running until late October, and this isn’t really a place where normal public transport exists! So tourists don’t have any reason to visit Antarctica in winter.

Many would consider late December or early January to be the best months to visit Antarctica.

Weather conditions are at their most favorable, with warm temperatures, low levels of pack ice, and long daylight hours. Wildlife is also very active, both in Antarctica and on neighbouring islands like South Georgia .

However, the early season and late season both have much to offer as well.

November is the best season for landscape photographers. The icebergs are still mighty, the snowy landscapes are still preserved, and the low sun makes glorious colors at sunrise and sunset.

February and March are the best months for whale watching! If you visit in the cooler months, just make sure you pack appropriately so you can stay warm.

So no matter which month you visit, you will find something special in Antarctica.

The best month to go to Antarctica depends on what you are looking for. November is great for pristine landscapes, December and January is perfect for stable weather and penguin chicks, and February and March are the best time for whale watching.

In our opinion based on multiple trips at all times of the summer, you should visit Antarctica based on what you want to see – Unspoiled landscapes in November, abundant wildlife in December and January, and whales in February and March.

Alesha and Jarryd

Hi, We’re Alesha and Jarryd!

We’ve been traveling the world together since 2008, searching for the planet’s best destinations and adventures.

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Great information! Thank you. Can you offer an educated, experienced opinion on the percentage success rate of crossing the 66 in March? In some places, I read that ice is reforming as temperature drops, and it gets colder as we sail south. Is it like 80% success rate in January, but drops to 60% in March?

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Best Time to Visit Antarctica

So, you want to travel to Antarctica, but you are wondering when to go. The Antarctic travel season coincides with the austral summer beginning in October and running through March. Many travelers ask us “When is the best time to visit Antarctica?” or “What is the weather like in Antarctica in January?”

The best time to visit Antarctica is from mid-December through mid-February. The best month to take an Antarctic cruise is January. Of course, there is much more to it than that. The Antarctic travel season is short. Weather, wildlife, sunlight and sea conditions vary greatly between spring, summer and fall.

IN THE KNOW ON WHEN TO GO

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IN THIS POST – Best Time to Visit Antarctica: Antarctica Seasons Month By Month: – Oct , Nov , Dec , Jan , Feb , Mar Best Time for: – Drake Passage & Cruising – Penguins & Whales Why Latitude Matters Antarctica Climate Tables What Is the Best Month in Antarctica? More Resources

Antarctica Seasons: When to go & Why

Below we outline best seasons for Antarctica and what to expect during each Antarctic season. Remember that in the Southern hemisphere the seasons are opposite of those in North American and Europe. Winter in the northern hemisphere is summer in Antarctica.

Antarctic Spring

Spring in Antarctica begins in late October and runs through November. Antarctica in spring is characterized by cold temperatures, snow and frozen sea ice. Sea ice is at its maximum, an average of 22 million square miles, which can restrict where ships are able to go. 

In the early Antarctic spring, most wildlife has not yet emerged, except for Emperor Penguins, which have overwintered on the ice. Specialty trips to view Emperor penguin colonies are sometimes offered in November.

The season to visit Antarctica begins in earnest in November. Mid to late Spring in Antarctica is characterized by the icy landscape awakening. Days are getting longer and temperatures are warming. Sea ice is common, and penguins are starting to arrive to build nests.

Antarctic spring is the best time to go to Antarctica for skiers, snowboarders and photographers set on massive icebergs and icy, white landscapes.

Antarctica Summer

Antarctica in the summer is spectacular and this is the peak of the travel season. Summer in Antarctica begins in December and runs through January. The temperature in Antarctica in the summer is surprisingly mild with highs in the 50’s F and lows in the 20’s F.

Sea ice is melting and gone by the end of Antarctic summer. This opens bays, inlets and passages south to the Arctic circle. Spring storms abate and summer in Antarctica offers a better chance of calm seas while crossing the Drake Passage.

Penguins and wildlife are most active during the Antarctic summer. Depending on latitude, (more on why latitude matters below) penguins lay their eggs in early summer and chick are born in mid-summer.  Seabirds are feasting on the ocean’s bounty. Seals have come ashore to give birth to pups. Whales begin to arrive to feed on rich seas.

Antarctica Fall

Autumn in Antarctica begins in March and ends by April. Days are getting shorter, temperatures are falling and the travel season winds down by late March. Sea ice is greatly reduced from 22 million miles of sea ice in September to only 5.4 million square miles of sea ice in September. This means more bays and inlets are available for ships and the polar circle is more easily reached in the fall. 

Fall in Antarctica is the best time to view whales. Ice free waters, enriched by the summer sun, provide a bounty of krill and small fish which by now have attracted large pods of migrating whales.  Penguin parents have left for the open sea and chicks are ready to follow.  Seal pups are also heading into the ocean and can be a target for Orca whales. 

Photographers seeking spectacular sunsets love the fall Antarctic season. Visitors may also catch a glimpse of the aurora australis or southern lights during dark nights. 

Antarctica Weather & Wildlife by Month

What follows are detailed insights into Antarctica weather and wildlife by month for the entire travel season. Our expert compile their advice to help you determine the best time to visit Antarctica. Antarctica temperature listed below in Fahrenheit.   

Antarctica In October

Be among the first to witness Antarctica as it awakens from the long winter. Antarctica in October is pristine, cold and a skier’s dream with white-capped peaks. We consider this the best time to go to Antarctica for skiers, snowboarders and photographers set on those icy, white landscapes. Specialty trips to view emperor penguins are sometimes available in October.

Antarctica Weather in October

• Average temperature in Antarctica in October: 22-29 degrees & 14 hours of daylight
• South Shetland Islands Temperature in October: 17-25 degrees & 15 hours of daylight
• South Georgia Island Temperature in October: 28-41 degrees & 14 hours of daylight

Benefits Visiting Antarctica in October

• Abundant sea ice, dynamic ice floes, large icebergs, all excellent for photography
• Wintering scientists look forward to visitors, make enthusiastic hosts at research stations
• Specialty trips to view Emperor penguins
• Feels like Antarctica! On cold days you’ll dress like you’re at the South Pole

Antarctica Wildlife in October

• Seabirds including skuas, albatross and petrels begin breeding activities
• Adelie, gentoo and chinstrap penguins begin the breeding cycle with courtship rituals
• Emperor penguin rookeries in the Weddell Sea may become accessible
• Crabeater seals are born

Antarctica in November

If you choose to visit Antarctica in November, you can enjoy more activities like kayaking and camping. You’ll witness nest-building behaviors from penguins. Availability starts to really ramp up with more ships making the voyage across the Drake Passage. November is the best month to go to Antarctica for active travelers. Skiing, snowboarding and snowshoeing are available only in November. Kayaking, mountaineering and camping become available as well.

Weather in Antarctica in November

• Average temperature in Antarctica in November: 25-32 degrees & 15.5 hours of daylight
• South Shetland Islands temperature in November: 21-26 degrees & 18 hours of daylight
• South Georgia Island Temperature in November: 30-44 degrees & 16 hours of daylight

Benefits of Visiting Antarctica in November

• Pack ice begins to melt, opening up the 7 million square miles of the frozen Southern Ocean
• Longer days and lots of ice mean November is best time for landscape photographers
• Camping options begin and continue through February (select departures)
• Kayaking options begin and continue the rest of the Antarctic season (select departures)
• Early season prices are often the lowest of the year

Antarctica Wildlife in November

• Adelie, chinstrap & gentoo penguins find mate, build nests and lay eggs
• King penguins on South Georgia Island lay eggs & incubate on their feet by late November
• Albatrosses are spotted in the skies in Antarctica in November
• Spring wildflowers bloom in the Falkland Islands
• Elephant seals begin courting on South Georgia Island
• Ships are sometimes able to park on the sea ice, allowing guests to walk the frozen sea
• Fur seals mate & establish breeding territories. Aggressive mating rituals can be observed

Antarctica in December

Antarctica weather in December really heats up (well, relatively) thanks to more daylight around the solstice. The weather in Drake Passage in December also offers an increased chance for calmer seas. December is the best time for family Antarctica travel. December in Antarctica coincides with school holidays and offers great daylight and warmer temperatures with great penguin activity. December is the busiest travel month in Antarctica, so it is best to book early. Holiday cruises can sell out nearly one year in advance. 

Antarctica Weather in December

• Average temperature in Antarctica in December: 29-34 degrees & 16.5 hours of daylight
• South Shetland Islands temperature in December: 23-27 degrees & 20 hours of daylight
• South Georgia Island temperature in December: 32-46 degrees & 17 hours of daylight

Benefits of Visiting Antarctica in December

• Good chance for calmer seas crossing the Drake Passage
• Warmest months and nicest weather of the Antarctica seasons begins
• Glaciers are actively calving as temperatures rise
• Research and station visits peak in Antarctica beginning in December
• Long days with midnight sun create more opportunities for exploration & wildlife viewing
• Whales are beginning to arrive in Antarctica
• Spring wildflowers bloom on South Georgia Island
• Historic whaling village of Grytviken & Shackleton grave accessible on South Georgia Island

Antarctica Wildlife in December

• Whales starting to arrive to Antarctica in December
• Leopard, Crabeater, Weddell & Elephant seal pups are commonly seen on ice floes
• Penguins, petrels and cormorants are laying eggs and sitting on their nests
• Penguin chicks begin to hatch in late December in Antarctica
• Penguin chicks begin to hatch in early December in the Falkland Islands.
• Fuzzy brown King penguin chicks are hatching on South Georgia Island
• Wandering albatross return to lay eggs on South Georgia Island

Antarctica in January

Being the height of the travel season with cruises in full swing, travelers often ask “What is the weather like in Antarctica in January.” The weather in Antarctica in January is excellent, with average temperatures reaching their highest of the year. Undoubtedly January is the warmest month in Antarctica. January is the best time to go to Antarctica because of calm weather, calm seas and abundant wildlife.

Weather in Antarctica in January

• Average temperature in Antarctica in January: 33-36 degrees & 16 hours of daylight
• South Shetland Islands temperature in January: 25-29 degrees & 19 hours of daylight
• South Georgia Island temperature in January: 32-46 degrees & 16.5 hours of daylight

Benefits of Visiting Antarctica in January

• January is the warmest month in Antarctica with average high of 36 degrees 
• Zodiac cruises are intriguing with melting icebergs, shaped by the sun
• Sea ice opens allowing for visits to more landing sites and wildlife
• Certain itineraries start attempting to reach the Antarctic circle
• Historical huts of Shackleton and Scott in the Ross Sea are accessible

Antarctica Wildlife in January

• Hatching or newly hatched penguins are abundant
• Penguin feeding frenzies begin as parents bring their young food from the sea
• Baby Antarctic terns are hatching
• Baby seals are lounging about with their parents
• Whale sightings are increasing
• Population of King penguins on South Georgia Island is highest

Antarctica in February

February is the best time to see whales in Antarctica. If you like whale watching, this is your month. It’s the best time to visit Antarctica for predictable whale watching, penguin chick activity ashore, and the shorter days lend themselves to excellent sunrises and sunsets punctuated by those whale tails. The weather in Antarctica in February is begging to cool and days are getting shorter. Fall is fast approaching. 

Weather in Antarctica in February

• Average temperature in Antarctica in February: 28-34 degrees & 14.5 hours of daylight
• South Shetland Islands temperature in February: 25-33 degrees & 16 hours of daylight
• South Georgia Island temperature in February: 35-48 degrees & 15 hours of daylight

Benefits of Visiting Antarctica in February

• Best time to view whales. Long days generate plankton blooms, a buffet for feeding whales
• This is the best time to visit Antarctica for orca, minke and humpback whale watching
• Receding ice opens up and allows for even more exploration
• Epic sunrises and sunsets as days get shorter

Antarctica Wildlife in February

• Molting penguin chicks are running about
• Adult penguins are busy swimming after krill to feed their chicks
• Playful fur seal and leopard seal pups are commonly seen
• Whales become predictable visiting feeding areas sometimes traveling in large pods
• Orca whales arrive to feed seal pups and penguin chicks learning to swim   
• Abundant fur seal populations
• Elephant seals come ashore to molt
• King Penguin chicks on South Georgia Island are beginning to mold

Antarctica in March

March is the best month to go to Antarctica if you are seeking color! Algal blooms, night sky viewing, sunsets and possible sightings of aurora australis all make Antarctica in March a fascinating month. March is the best time of year for polar circle cruises to accomplish this bucket list goal. March is also a good time to find Antarctica cruise deals since the season is winding down and the weather is turning cooler. March in Antarctica is characterized by shorter days, colder weather and waterways virtually free of sea ice.

Antarctica Weather in March

• Average temperature in Antarctica in March: 26-32 degrees & 12.5 hours of daylight
• South Shetland Islands temperature in March: 22-30 degrees & 13 hours of daylight
• South Georgia Island temperature in March: 33-46 degrees & 13 hours of daylight

Benefits of Visiting Antarctica in March

• Great time to see whales in Antarctica
• Less sea ice means more opportunities to reach the polar circle
• Snow-free beaches allow for more landing sites and easy sightings of large penguin rookeries
• Best time to travel to Antarctica for night sky viewing, weather permitting
• Green and pink algae blooms show their colors on snow and ice cliffs
• Possible sightings of aurora australis, also known as southern lights, during dark nights
• Lower prices and more availability making this the best time to visit Antarctica for a deal

Antarctica Wildlife in March

• Adolescent penguins explore colonies, finish molting & grow adult feathers to begin swimming
• Some Adelie, chinstrap and gentoo rookeries are empty, as adults return to the sea to feed
• South Georgia Island’s king and macaroni penguin rookeries are highly populated
• Some birds, like Antarctic terns, start flying north
• Whale activity is high as they feed furiously before migrating north

Best Month to Cross the Drake Passage

Ocean conditions can undoubtedly affect your Antarctic plans. The infamous Drake Passage is the body of water between South America’s Cape Horn and the Antarctic Peninsula. Currents at this latitude meet no resistance from any landmass. Combined with high winds this can make for a rough crossing certain times of year.

We are often asked “What is the best month to cross the Drake Passage?” January is the best time to cross Drake Passage with the best chance for calm seas. During the height of summer winds may abate and seas may calm. See our post about how to prevent and treat seasickness on cruises . And consider yourself lucky if you experience calm seas any time you cross the Drake Passage. 

Best Time to Cruise Antarctica

Most travelers will visit Antarctica by small ship . We could have called this guide the best time to cruise Antarctica, as all of the advice above applies to cruises. The best time to cruise Antarctica is December through February, which comprises the peak cruising season. We are often asked “When is the best month to cruise Antarctica?” If we had to pick one, the best month to visit Antarctica is January.

View All Antarctica Cruises

See the full list of White Continent itineraries.

Best Time to See Penguins in Antarctica

Penguins can be found throughout the Antarctica travel season. The best time to see penguins in Antarctica is December through March. The best time to see penguin chicks in Antarctica is late January through the end of February. Viewing penguins is a highlight for most travelers visiting Antarctica.

Travelers can see up to eight species of penguin in Antarctica. Virtually all trips to the Antarctic Peninsula will see gentoo, adelie and chinstrap penguins. If you really want to see more species of penguins in Antarctica there are a few specialty cruises to consider.

 Trips that visits South Georgia Island and the Falkland Islands will view vast colonies of king penguins and may also encounter rockhopper, megallanic, and macaroni penguins.

Emperor penguins are rare. But there are specialty emperor penguin cruises focused on finding and viewing the largest penguins species.   

Best Time to See Whales in Antarctica

Whale watching is an exciting highlight of any visit to Antarctica. The best time to go whale watching and to see whales in Antarctica is February and March.

There are up to 8 whale species travelers might encounter in Antarctica. Humpback whales are the most commonly sighted whales, followed by smaller minke whales. 

Migratory whales such as humpback whales, fin whales, blue whales and minke whales are begin arriving in Antarctica in November and December. Whales come to feed on abundant krill and small fish that explode as a result of long days and productive waters. Numbers increase and feeding pods form through January. By February and March feeding pods have formed making this the best time to see whales in Antarctica.

Orca whales don’t migrate and can be found in Antarctica year round. The best time to see Orca whales in Antarctica is in February and march when penguin chicks and seal pups are entering the water making an easy meal. 

Whale watching is an incredible part of the Antarctic experience. Consider yourself lucky if you see whales on your trip. 

Latitude Matters When Choosing When to Visit Antarctica

Life at the south pole is affected greatly by latitude variances. Slight latitude shifts confer big changes in temperature, sunlight and seasonality. Combine this with the short Antarctic summer and you’ll see animals’ mating, laying and rearing cycles moving very fast!

The Antarctic Peninsula warms first at the northerly tip, and later in the south. This will affect penguins, wildlife and ice conditions. For instance, on  our founder’s air cruise to Antarctica  in December, he saw penguins mating and nest building; sitting on eggs; and newly hatched chicks all in different areas based on latitude north or south. 

There are particularly significant differences for Falkland Islands and South Georgia cruise routes, as well as for routes that stretch into the eastern reaches of the Weddell Sea. Read more about the best time to visit for viewing South Georgia Island animals .

While this Antarctica by month guide is valuable resource for planning your own best time to visit Antarctica, note that wildlife and weather can never be fully predicted, especially in a land as dramatic as Antarctica.

Detailed Climate Tables

View our Antarctica climate page to see Antarctica average temperature by month and daylight hours in detailed locations like the Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, South Georgia Island and Ushuaia. As most cruises focus on the Peninsula, here is our detailed table for that region:

Antarctic Peninsula Weather by Month

Antarctic Peninsula Average Temperature, Rainfall & Daylight

So, What Is the Best Month to Go to Antarctica?

Considering everything stated above, the best month to go to Antarctica is January. There is a reason January is the peak Antarctica season. The wildlife is active, the ice is spectacular, and the weather is hard to beat.

But not everyone can or should schedule their trip during this time since each month has its benefits. You really can’t go wrong choosing any time in Antarctica’s six-month cruising season. If you plan your trip during the peak season of mid-December through mid-February, then be sure to book early as these are the dates that sell out first.

Need more information on when to travel to Antarctica? Our timeline above aims to be a detailed guide for you to determine your own individual best month to go to Antarctica. Our experts are here to assist with even more detail. Contact us to learn more about planning an  Antarctica cruise  and the best time to visit Antarctica for your travel needs. We are here to help with one-on-on advice and ensure you have a great trip any time of year.

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Hi, if I would like to kayak, what is the best month to visit Antarctica, and what are the ships or itineraries I should consider?

Hi Wai Yee, Kayaking is available on most of our expeditions, at ANY time of the cruising season, but space can fill up fast for coveted spots. If you have your heart set on kayaking, it’s a good idea to book as soon as you can. Options range from short one-time paddles to full programs that let you kayak every day. We will have an Adventure Specialist be in touch to further hone in the best time to kayak in Antarctica & the best trips for doing so based on what’s available now or next season. Generalizations for timing kayaking would be to expect more ice and pristine landscapes if you kayak in early season (Nov-Dec) and to potentially get closer encounters with whales during kayak excursions later in the season (Feb-March).

Hey! How is end of March for a visit? 🙂

Hey Ashwini! March in Antarctica has its benefits. Whales are plentiful (humpbacks in peak numbers), sunsets/rises are long and vivid, and less snow allows for more landing sites and access to areas further south. By late March the cruise season is wrapping up as the temperatures drop. You can often find more Antarctica cruise deals and enjoy the feeling of having Antarctica to yourself. Here’s a list of Antarctica trips in March ; for detailed availability please contact an Adventure Specialist .

Best months to visit? We want to see the baby animals, plus we are going to tie it in with a trip to Machu Picchu.

Sue, Wow that sounds like quite a trip! These are two of our most popular destinations. Baby penguins are usually most prevalent in January while seal pups are most commonly seen in February, but it always depends where you go as timing can change by latitude. Talking to an Adventure Specialist can help you find the best timing and trip for you and will be reaching out to you shortly.

Find Your Best Time to Visit Antarctica

Start browsing our selection of trips to discover more about activities and itineraries. Let us be your guide to the best time to go to Antarctica and help choose your perfect expedition. Our team has traveled in every month of the season so have firsthand insight on each month. Get started finding your bucket list trip!

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• Travel Guide

Best Time To Visit Antarctica: Wildlife & Weather By Month

Antarctica cruise season: the austral summer, month-by-month guide to antarctica’s travel season (including antarctica weather by month), deciding on the best time to visit antarctica.

For a good chunk of the year—the roughly six months of the austral winter—Antarctica is utterly frigid, storm-wracked, and dark. Some hardy scientists tough out this most unforgiving global manifestation of wintertime, but this is (understandably) not the time of year for general-purpose sightseeing in the coldest place on Earth.

Though Antarctica is most crudely classified as a two-season climate, swinging between winter and summer, brief transitional periods in between give the White Continent something of a version of spring and fall. Variations in weather, ice cover, and wildlife activity enhance the seasonal rhythms across the prime tourist period here and its “shoulder seasons.”

Because travelers have their own interests and personal preferences, this means there’s not a single, clear-cut answer to “When is the best time to go to Antarctica?”. That said, given the relatively narrow window for tourism, Antarctica is something of a more straightforward travel destination when it comes to scheduling than most places.

Read on for an overview of the prime polar tourism season here, Antarctica average temperature by month, when which wildlife can be spotted, and other useful details to consider while planning your once-in-a-lifetime odyssey to the bottom of the world!

The short Antarctic cruise season typically runs from November to March during the austral summer, though some limited cruises kick off in late October and extend a little into April. This is the only feasible interval for cruising to the White Continent, as summer marks the breakup and retreat of the seasonal ice pack surrounding the remote landmass. Increasing daylength, warming temperatures, and pack-ice decline not only affords sightseeing access to the Antarctic mainland, but also sparks a magnificent flurry of wildlife activity here: from nesting penguins and pupping seals to an influx of hungry whales.

The most popular months for visiting this icy realm are December and January, when the weather is warmest (relatively speaking, of course) and day length extends the better part of 24 hours. But, as we’ll get into, there are definite perks to coming during the earlier and later parts of that tantalizing austral summer.

In the following breakdown of the Antarctic travel season, we’ll spell out basic conditions—including average temperatures for Esperanza Base on the Antarctic Peninsula (the top sightseeing area on the mainland and the mildest part of the White Continent)—as well as specific highlights of each month of the austral summer, including its peripheral spring and fall shoulder periods.

Mount Erebus on a windy day

The early and middle parts of October aren’t in the tourism window for Antarctica, as the continent is still mostly in late-winter mode, with cold temperatures and short days. Toward the end of the month, however, some cruises get underway to provide hardy tourists with a taste for Antarctica at its most pristine.

Weather: October’s mean temperature at Esperanza Base is -4.3°C (24.3°F), with conditions getting (unsurprisingly) balmier toward the end of the month—though still plenty nippy!

Advantages/Scenic Highlights: Besides feeling a fuller dose of that prevailing Antarctic cold (and the chance to nab lower fares), an end-of-October voyage offers many enticements—not least magnificent and extensive sea ice, including numerous large ice floes and icebergs around the Antarctic Peninsula. Photographers relish the huge ice formations, the uncrowded channels and unsoiled snow-scapes—the latter also delighting skiers and snowshoers—and the dramatic sunset shows.

Wildlife: Spring mating rituals are in full swing on the packed beaches of South Georgia where nearly half a million elephant seals line its shores, and belligerent bulls engage in their bloody battles of bravado. Breeding activities among seabirds and penguins on the Antarctic Peninsula are showing signs of getting underway, and Weddell and crabeater seals are having their pups on the ice. There’s some possibility of seeking out remote colonies of emperor penguins.

View our October Antarctica cruises .

November is when tourism to Antarctica really kicks off, as ever-expanding daylight hours and the retracting sea ice mark the Antarctic “spring” in full force.

Weather: Days continue to lengthen, with better than 15 hours of daylight. Average monthly temperature at Esperanza Base is -1.1°C (30°F).

Advantages/Scenic Highlights: Prime skiing and snowshoeing conditions continue, while kayaking possibilities expand. This is a fine time of year for trekking afoot on fast ice, the form of sea ice connected to shore. Speaking of, there’s still lots of dazzlingly beautiful ice to behold and photograph, including ornate icebergs. Prices tend to be lower here on the front-end of the season.

Wildlife: Pinniped, seabird, and penguin rookeries are busy on the sub-Antarctic islands—also abloom with spring wildflower—and on the Antarctic Peninsula, where gentoo, Adelie, macaroni, and chinstrap penguins breed.

View our November Antarctica cruises .

Among the most popular months for visiting Antarctica—not least on account of holidays and school vacations—December includes the austral summer solstice, with maximal daylight shining down on some spectacular scenery and wildlife action.

Weather: Close to 24 hours of daylight give you a taste for the seduction of the Midnight Sun. Temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula commonly get above freezing, even into downright balmy territory. The mean December temperature at Esperanza Base is 0.8°C (33.4°F), with an average high of 3.8°C (38.8°F).

Advantages/Scenic Highlights: Especially in the first part of the month, gorgeous ice floes and bergs remain plentiful. Even as the ice formations diminish with December’s progression, the opportunity to see (and hear) calving glaciers offers ample compensation. Alongside kayaking, camping, and other adventuring, the main diving season commences by the middle of the month or so. All of that summertime daylight provides many hours for recreation, wildlife-watching, and photography.

Wildlife: Penguin hatchlings and fuzzy chicks offer a delightful, crowd-pleasing spectacle in December, while seabird nesting and young-feeding are going full force. Seals and their growing pups are readily seen, and whales begin trickling into their Antarctic feeding grounds.

View our December Antarctica cruises .

The chicks follow the lead

January is also absolutely prime time for Antarctic tourism, with optimal weather, long days, and increasingly extensive access to the mainland inshore and coastline.

Weather: Even as the days begin to contract following the solstice, there’s still an absolute surfeit of extended sunshine in January. This is also the warmest month on average, with temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula occasionally running up into the mid-teens°C (upper 50s°F). The mean monthly temperature at Esperanza Base is 1.4°C (34.5°F), with an average daily high of 4.3°C (39.7°F).

Advantages/Scenic Highlights: With the sea ice significantly receding, this month can often mean feasible voyages deeper into the wilds of the White Continent: If conditions allow, some cruise ships venture beyond the Antarctic Circle, while visiting the Ross Sea—where the remarkable huts of early-20th-century South Pole explorers Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton await—may be possible.

Wildlife: Penguin-watching remains extraordinary, with cute-as-heck chicks on full display and parents burning the candle at both ends to feed them. Seabird rookeries are also raucous nurseries. And whales continue to increase in number around the Antarctic Peninsula.

View our January Antarctica cruises .

February generally continues to offer fine weather and remains a popular time to come to Antarctica, though tourist levels are ebbing past the December/January peak.

Weather: Daylength continues to decrease, but temperatures remain invitingly mild by polar standards—Esperanza Base sees a monthly mean of 0.7°C (33.3°F) and an average daily high of 3.7°C (38.7°F)—and the weather typically calm.

Advantages/Scenic Highlights: As sea ice approaches its yearly minimum, opportunities for exploring south of the Antarctic Circle and into the Ross Sea are rich.

Wildlife: Even as penguin- and seabird-viewing diminishes somewhat, February offers peak whale-watching as humpbacks, minkes, and other baleen species feast on the seasonal smorgasbord of krill, and orcas prowl for seal pups and young penguins.

View our February Antarctica cruises .

Taking photos of whales – you better be fast!

The tail-end of the austral summer means less-cluttered sightseeing waterways, a minimum of sea ice, and the chance to experience special delights of the “Antarctic fall.”

Weather: Daylength is decreasing at a steady clip (some 15 minutes per day), and temperatures are cooling off as winter approaches; Esperanza Base’s mean March temperature is -2.3°C (27.9°F).

Advantages/Scenic Highlights: As autumn falls on Antarctica, so do cruise prices; March is one of the cheapest times to visit Antarctica. Less ship traffic this time of year ups the delicious feel of Antarctic wildness. The water is clearer for diving and leopard seals start to hunt the ever braver penguin chicks. The sea ice is at its minimum extent, luring late cruises past the Antarctic Circle. The lowering sun enhances colors for landscape photography, and starry skies of dazzling purity—perhaps a show of the Aurora Australis, aka the Southern Lights—come with nightfall.

Wildlife: Whale activity remains outstanding in March, as the local leviathans fatten up ahead of their northbound migration.

View our March Antarctica cruises .

As we hope the above has made clear, each stretch of the austral summer in Antarctica provides its own unique draw. For many people, not least first-time visitors, the best time of year to travel to Antarctica is December and January, when you’ve got optimal weather, oodles of daylight, a nice combination of scenic attractions, and rich wildlife-viewing. But folks with specific goals in mind may prefer other windows, especially if they are price sensitive or wish to partake in certain adventure activity options.

Skiers and snowshoers will find the best conditions in November and early December. Scuba divers typically do their thing mid-December through mid-February, when water temperatures off the Antarctic Peninsula typically range from the upper 20s to mid-30s (F); water clarity tends to be better earlier in the season, before the spike in plankton. Those wishing to go camping on the White Continent should note that this activity isn’t usually available after January due to campsite deterioration and unsuitable conditions underfoot.

On the wildlife front, the peak penguin show tends to be mid-December into January with the hatching and rearing of chicks. But whale-watchers will do better to aim for mid to late summer, especially February and early March. If you are an avid photographer who wants to capture shots of nesting wandering albatrosses on South Georgia’s Prion Island, you’ll need to time your visit outside of 20th November – 7th January (inclusive) as the island is closed during this time.

Expect the priciest itineraries during the peak season of December through mid-February, especially late December into January. Lower fares are generally available earlier and later in the season.

The best time to go to Antarctica is obviously the austral summer, but within that period you’re likely to be richly rewarded—and coming home awash with lifelong memories—whenever you can make the trip happen!

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Our travel guides are for informational purposes only. While we aim to provide accurate and up-to-date information, Antarctica Cruises makes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any information in our guides or found by following any link on this site.

Antarctica Cruises cannot and will not accept responsibility for any omissions or inaccuracies, or for any consequences arising therefrom, including any losses, injuries, or damages resulting from the display or use of this information.

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Best Time to Visit Antarctica: Ultimate Month by Month Guide

Home > Blog > Activities > Best Time to Visit Antarctica: Ultimate Month by Month Guide

Last updated on February 20 th , 2024

You don’t need a crystal ball to know that if you’ve been dreaming of waddling penguins, breaching whales, and towering icebergs, an  Antarctica expedition  is your destiny. What your dream state is unlikely to be telling you, however, is when is the best time of year to visit Antarctica! You’ll need to know this so you can book that dream-becomes-reality vacation. That’s where our handy guide comes in, revealing everything you need to know about when to travel to the white continent.

It’s a rare traveller that doesn’t have Antarctica on their list of travel goals. It’s as away-from-it-all as you can get; a destination filled with intrigue, awe and surprises. Plus, its history of daring endeavours sheds light on the tenacity of the human spirit. Choosing when to go to Antarctica is as important as the thermals you pack and the camera or phone’s storage (spoiler alert: you will need more than you think).

The best time of year to visit Antarctica is not as simple as us saying “mid-December to mid-February”, when wildlife is at its most active. What if you’re looking for the most classic Antarctic experience? Then the start and the end of the season would suit. Or perhaps, since watching Happy Feet, you’ve been yearning to see young penguins take their first plunge? Then book a February departure.

As experts in expedition cruising for decades, we’ve compiled this handy month-by-month travel guide so you can select the best time to visit Antarctica. From when we set sail in October and return from our last trip of the season in March, there’s no best or worst time to travel to Antarctica, in our opinion. There are absolute highlights on every sailing!

When should I go to Antarctica?

You might think of Antarctica as only having one season (cold!), but there are actually  two distinct seasons . The two seasons – winter and summer – are due to the Earth’s tilt and orbit around the sun. Both impact the weather, the wildlife and when you should plan your visit.

Winter in Antarctica

For six months, sea ice surrounds Antarctica, making it almost impossible to get there. It’s also during winter that the region plunges into darkness. Around 21 June, the sun vanishes over the horizon and doesn’t reappear for weeks.

Winter is when whales begin their long migration towards the equator to breed. Those penguins you can’t wait to see? They also flee north towards the advancing ice edge. In fact, the only warm-blooded animal that has the audacity to face Antarctica’s most hostile months is the  staunch emperor penguin .

The lack of access and the fact that most of the wildlife on your Antarctica bingo card has migrated north tells you winter is not the ideal time to visit.

Summer in Antarctica

As always, in nature, there is balance. What is dark becomes light. What is cold becomes hot. Or ever-so-slightly warmer, in Antarctica’s case. The return of the sun sees the sea ice break lose, the glorious residents – whales, penguins, seals, and sea birds – return in droves, and Aurora Expeditions’ welcoming crew, Expedition Leader, and onboard experts excitedly prepare to set sail to the white continent for a new season of adventures.

With the best times to travel to Antarctica covering half of the year, it is no surprise there are fluctuations and changes over that long window of opportunity to explore the region. It’s important to understand the best months to meet your travel goals so you can get a clearer idea of when to set sail.

Choosing the best time to travel to Antarctica means knowing what activities are available and what wildlife is most active, when. No matter what, each month in Antarctica has its unique charms. The only disappointment when travelling to Antarctica is that the trip ends!

October & November

Quick guide: October and November offer untouched Antarctica with pristine landscapes, abundant sea ice and ample adventure opportunities.

When you set sail in October and November, fresh white snowscapes, slow, luminous sunsets and an ocean filled with residual sea ice await. If you’re into photography , this is an optimal time to visit. Especially as our onboard professional photographer is on hand to maximise your results. Fun fact: there is an Aurora Expeditions resident photographer  on every sailing!

October is also when  penguins  return to the Antarctic Peninsula en masse. Seeing their signature waddle traversing a snowy slope is a memory that will last you a lifetime. If you’re fortunate, you may even witness them building their nests from small stones and their intricate courtship rituals.

From October onwards,  whales  also return to their feeding grounds. While eight whale species are spotted in Antarctica, there are three thrilling main whales to witness in action.

If you like a good workout while on holiday, the deep snow at some landing sites will be your training ground. Some pre-trip training is helpful for departures at this time of year, as is packing your trekking poles, or utilising the ones offered once onboard (more on packing later).

Come November, spotting an egg tucked between the legs of a penguin is an aww-worthy site. Seasonal timings vary between locations, though. November is also the month to keep your eyes peeled to maximise your chances of witnessing  elephant seal pups being hauled from the ice  by their colossal parents. Did you know they can’t go in the water until their moulting is complete?

A bonus of going earlier in the season for active travellers is the possibility of extra activities that put you in the middle of the action. Like  camping on the ice ,  snowshoeing , and  skiing and snowboarding  (additional costs may apply). Our popular  Spirit of Antarctica  departures are ideal for unique add-on activities.

Spirit of Antarctica

Embrace the spirit of polar exploration on this classic expedition to the coveted white continent. Sail across the famed Drake Passage to and from Antarctica, admiring spectacular seabirds and approaching the ice as the explorers of old did: by sea.

With a chance to Zodiac cruise through pack ice, set foot on the continent, choose from a range of adventure options and even perhaps camp under pastel polar skies, this is the quintessential Antarctic voyage for adventure-lovers.

December & January

Quick guide: Stable weather, easier landings and newborns and juveniles across the continent, December and January are two of the most popular months to visit.

That summer feeling we all know and love is evident across all species it seems, with the penguin colonies buzzing with new life and doting parents. Seeing the downy plumage of a penguin chick is bound to give you the warm and fuzzies – and fabulous photos, of course.

However, it is not only penguins. By December, the ocean is teeming with whales feeding and crabeater seals hauling their rotund bodies onto ice floe. Plus, there’s the occasional elephant seal appearing like a celebrity at a VIP event. Many consider December one of the best months to visit Antarctica because you can also experience the  ultimate white Christmas  or sail into a New Year in an entirely new way!

Like Januarys the world over, the kids are playing up. Only instead of back-to-school uniforms and stationery runs, Antarctica’s penguin chicks are starting to form creches and tear through the colony with vigour and glee. It’s now that the adults begin to moult, too.

Across the continent, the sea level snow begins to melt as the days grow warmer and the temperatures rise, exposing rocky terrain in its place. When the sea ice has melted, crossing the Drake Passage is easier and traditionally calmer.

Both December and January optimise your  activities  and Zodiac expedition time, as you’ll enjoy around 20+ hours of daylight! That also means more time to say yes to our polar kayaking and  scuba diving  optional activities. Getting on or in the icy water is the ultimate way to experience Antarctica, especially if you’re brave enough to take the  polar plunge !

Across the Antarctic Circle

Venturing below the Antarctic Circle is about more than just earning bragging rights. It is the chance to enter a different world, rarely seen, it feels more isolated and colder than further north, with great swathes of pack ice and dreamlike icebergs.

Thread through pack ice and narrow channels where scenes of ice-clad mountains, feeding whales and lively penguin colonies become lasting memories.

February & March

Quick guide: These are prime whale-watching months, offer stunning sunrises and sunsets, plus surprising bursts of colour across the White Continent.

February can be an excellent time for an Antarctica cruise, particularly if you love wildlife-watching. The breeding frenzy has eased, adult penguins have finished moulting, and it’s time for many offspring to test their freshly waterproofed plumage.

The young penguins born earlier in the summer move through a speedy adolescence, prepping for their own turn to experience life at sea. You’ll want to have your camera charged and ready for a ton of pictures as the daring adolescents take their first tentative steps into the water. You’ll feel like it’s one of your own young, bursting with pride as they start to swim.

February and March are the best months to see whales in Antarctica, as they enjoy a buffet feast on the abundant krill. Watch for  leopard seals  resting on the ice near penguin colonies.

Like autumn in many destinations, fall brings bursts of colour with vibrant splashes of pink and green dotting the ice. This snow algae looks as pretty as toppings on an ice cream, however, this ‘watermelon snow’ has a laxative effect so avoid the temptation to taste it!

Like the start of the season, March’s shorter days, fading light, and spectacular sunrises and sunsets leave photographers (and passengers) breathless. Returning floating sea ice amplifies that winter-is-coming feeling.

Consider the February departures on our  Antarctic Explorer  if you’d love to spend your days witnessing these joys! For a March trip,  Wild Antarctica  is an epic fly-sail adventure.

Discover why Naturalist and Expedition Leader Dr. Roger Kirkwood prefers  Antarctic trips in March .

Antarctic Explorer

Early Antarctic explorers returned from their voyages to the deep south with tales of a magnificent, ice-covered land teeming with life. Experience the awe-inspiring immensity of Antarctica, reducing your time on the high seas by flying across the Drake Passage in one direction.

Immerse yourself in the unimaginable beauty of the Antarctic Peninsula, where vast glaciers tumble into the sea, penguins are dwarfed by soaring peaks and humpback and minke whales feast on abundant krill.

What to pack for an Antarctica expedition

Now you know the best time to visit Antarctica, you’ll need to know  what to pack for your expedition . Luckily, as experts for over 33 years, we have everything you need to know to ensure you experience the white continent in comfort.

The most important thing to know? Pack layers! You can check out our  layering guide here , but the key takeaway is to wear several light layers and one heavy one to insulate your body effectively.

So, what is  Antarctica’s weather  like from October to March? Chilly is a very generous word to describe either end of the season, with lows around –5.5°C (22°F). In December and January, temperatures are around 1°C (34°F) – positively balmy! You can see why those layers are a good idea, right?

Essentials in your luggage include waterproof trousers, a polar fleece jacket and thermal undies. Wool mittens, gloves and headgear will keep your extremities nice and toasty.

Closed-in shoes while onboard will ensure you can safely and comfortably navigate our  purpose-built expedition ships . We’ll lend you a pair of muck boots to wear on shore excursions, so you don’t need to pack bulky footwear for the frigid temps.

Every Aurora Expeditions passenger also receives a complimentary polar expedition jacket. This custom-designed 3-in-1 jacket will be your new best friend, trust us.

Travel tips & safety

For polar explorers during the Golden Age of Antarctic Exploration , Antarctica was not considered a safe destination.  Sir Douglas Mawson  would attest to this after he lost members of his party and dogs to a deadly crevasse fall. When you’re travelling with the expedition experts, however, you’re protected from the temperamental elements.

Unlike Mawson aboard a 19th-century wooden vessel, you’ll be aboard one of our two modern purpose-built ships – the Greg Mortimer  and the  Sylvia Earle . Their design ensures safety and comfort as we navigate nature’s most intense conditions.

You’ll also enjoy our small-ship capacity (maximum 132 per departure) and robust Expedition-Team-to-guest ratio. While not a safety feature of the ship, consider our 100% climate-neutral status as a safety feature for the planet.

If you  come prepared for your Antarctica trip  and always follow the Expedition Team’s instructions, you will be safer than in many other destinations in the world. In fact, the only real problem you may face on Antarctica sailings is the unpredictable elements. This typically affects those who suffer from motion sickness, so it pays to bring medication, sea bands and ginger sweets. Of course, we have medical staff on every sailing to assist when needed.

Choosing your ideal departure

It’s time for the fun part! Do you prefer the sound of witnessing Antarctica’s untouched wilderness at the start of the season, watching the continent come alive with new life, or the colour explosion that occurs towards the end of the season?

Whatever you decide, now you know the best time of year to visit Antarctica, you can  find a departure  to ensure you tick off those  Antarctica bucket list items!

With over 25 annual departures – including  fly/sail  options – you can be assured there’s a sailing and cabin with your name on it. Call our knowledgeable team to book your spot or for help answering any questions you have about travelling with us, including how to get to Antarctica . Check out some featured expeditions below or download or order our latest brochure to view the full range of Antarctica  itineraries.

Antarctic Peninsula in Depth

Welcome to Aurora Expeditions’ Antarctic Peninsula In Depth expedition.  The ultimate expedition to the Antarctic Peninsula that seeks to include visits to some well-known locations and opportunities for surprise discoveries. Enjoy...

From USD $ 13,676.00 /pp

Wild Antarctica featuring the Weddell Sea

Welcome to Aurora Expeditions’ Wild Antarctica featuring the Weddell Sea expedition.  Famed for its enormous icebergs, year-round sea ice, fascinating fossils and the pivotal role it played in Shackleton’s Endurance expedition,...

From USD $ 11,676.00 /pp

South Georgia, Falklands & Antarctic Odyssey

Welcome to our South Georgia & Antarctic Odyssey expedition.This voyage encompasses the best of the Antarctic Peninsula and South Georgia. Discover historic Stanley in the Falklands~Malvinas and stand in awe...

From USD $ 19,646.25 /pp

Written with assistance from  Nina Gallo , Aurora Expeditions’ historian and certified PTGA polar guide.

Nina has been drawn to the polar regions since her first otherworldly experience of the midnight sun in 2002. She has spent time in far northern Canada, the Himalayas, the Alps and deserts in America and Australia, always seeking out quiet, wild corners to explore. 

Nina feels immensely privileged to travel to these places and shares her passions for the natural world, human stories and adventure with all the wonderful people she meets. Nina is the author of  Antarctica, published by Australian Geographic  in September 2020.

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The Best Time to Visit Antarctica: Weather & Season Guide

By Author Arakita Rimbayana

Posted on Last updated: 6th October 2023

Antarctica is one of the least-visited places on Earth, but not for a lack of incredible experiences and truly striking landscapes. Its abundant wildlife, history of brave explorers, striated ice towers, and polar ice cap exceed every visitor’s imagination – and explain why it’s top of many travelers’ bucket lists.

Although there are many factors in determining the best time to visit Antarctica, ice and weather play a crucial part. Outside of Antarctica’s warmer months (October to March), ships cannot travel through the compacted sea ice.

The same applies to harsh weather conditions that may involve strong winds, blowing snow, whiteouts, and blizzards, even in summer.

Even during the Antarctic summer, ships can find themselves delayed because of inclement weather, which makes it incredibly hard to predict what you can expect to do and see on a cruise, anyway.

However, there are some general weather expectations, which I’ve dived into below.

Click to navigate this article:

• January: One of the best places to spend the Antarctic summer is on the South Shetland Islands. This is when the islands buzz with activity: penguin chicks are learning to survive without their parents and winterovers (people who spend winter at the South Pole) are relishing the warmer days before the harsh season sets in.
• February: This is when you can catch sight of the humpbacks and orcas that have traveled to these waters, although the snow turns mushy and brown underfoot thanks to visitors and the guano of the breeding penguins.
• March: The tail end of the Antarctic season is marked by the whale-watching peak. You might even catch some fresh snow as the cold weather returns for the winter.

• April to September: Winter approaches and average temperatures are beginning to drop well below freezing, reaching -60°C (-76°F) or lower. The pack ice thickens, and all cruise ships depart. Antarctica is plunged into almost complete darkness; the sun comes close to the horizon but not above it, resulting in twilit days.
• October: Visiting in October, you’ll be among the first to arrive in Antarctica for the tourist season. Alternatively, visit the Falkland Islands to spot penguins before the breeding season begins.
• November: This month is ideal for observing adult penguins breeding and building nests – mostly on South Georgia Island – as the icebergs calve and sea ice breaks up.
• December: This is the beginning of peak season with the warmest temperatures, longest days, and most abundant wildlife. You’ll begin to see chicks hatching during the final weeks of December.

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The best weather conditions

What you need to know about visiting antarctica.

• Antarctica is a snow desert; it remains cold and dry throughout the year. The continent experiences only two seasons: winter and summer. During the winter months, temperatures are extremely low, with the temperature at the South Pole averaging -60°C (-76°F). As winter progresses, daylight hours decrease until the sun sets almost entirely for months. In contrast, summer months bring longer days and relatively warmer temperatures, although they tend to remain below freezing.
• Due to its extreme southern location (and the effects of climate change), even warmer weather can change rapidly . It can reach as high as 9°C (48°F) on the coast but drop to much colder temperatures the following day.
• The summer and winter of the Antarctic season occur at opposite times of year compared to the northern hemisphere. Therefore, don’t try and plan a trip during your summer vacation if you’re in the northern hemisphere – you won’t find any cruises running!

Beyond the sea ice thickness, weather conditions can make or break your trip to Antarctica. With temperatures regularly dropping to -34°C (-29°F) in the coastal regions and -60°C (-76°F) in the interior during the winter months, from late spring to the end of summer is the only reasonable time to visit.

The Antarctic coasts – where you will most likely visit – hover around 0°C (32°F) from October to March. Therefore, any time after the first full sunrise in August until late March should be a great time to visit.

With 24 hours of daylight and the arrival of penguin chicks, December is peak time for Antarctic cruises. If you don’t mind visiting during the peak season, this is the best month to visit, weather-wise.

The best time to visit different regions in and around Antarctica

Antarctic peninsula.

The peninsula is the most visited part of Antarctica, not only because it is the closest to South America, but also because of its unparalleled beauty.

Set sail for the peninsula during November – perhaps the best time to visit Antarctica – when the landscape is at its most dramatic and the wildlife emerges after the long winter.

Looking to head to the White Continent?  I highly recommend the brilliant Swoop Antarctica. Their staff have extensive, first-hand experience of sailing to Antarctica and, because they sell cruises for all the well-known companies, they can give you handy, impartial advice for choosing the one that best suits you. What’s more, they specialize in small ship expedition cruises, which means you’ll be allowed to get off the boat at every stop on the itinerary (which is not the case for large ships!) and you won’t pay a cent more by booking through them rather than directly with the cruise company themselves.  Ready to be inspired?  Check out their  classic cruises to the Antarctic Peninsula , or their more unusual trips to  wildlife-rich South Georgia and the Falklands , or go further than most on  a cruise to the Antarctic Circle .

Antarctic Circle

The Antarctic Circle’s relatively harsh conditions – and the effort involved in getting there – make it the least visited part of Antarctica. However, venturing to the most southerly place on Earth promises an unforgettable experience.

Though the wildlife in the Antarctic Circle may not be as abundant as in other regions, it plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem integrity. The area is home to unique, rare sponges that live for nearly half a millennium; it’s also the only region inhabited by the Antarctic toothfish.

Due to the unique conditions, it’s best to book with a specialist operator. Swoop Antarctica has extensive first-hand experience and offers a 6-day cruise to 66 degrees south – the edge of the Antarctic Circle – aboard a comfortable and spacious vessel.

South Shetland Islands

Ships bound for Antarctica often stop in the South Shetland Islands to give their passengers a taste of the White Continent, or to take a break from a turbulent journey across the Drake Passage. One of the most popular landing sites is the Arctowski Station on King George Island.

As they’re just north of the Antarctic Peninsula, the best time to visit the South Shetland Islands is typically the same as the best time to explore the main continent. However, if you’re only planning to visit this archipelago and not venture further into Antarctica, January is an excellent time to visit, as it’s when wildlife is most active.

South Georgia Island

South Georgia Island is home to numerous penguin colonies; you’ll spy thousands of these magnificent creatures throughout the summer months. The spectacle is particularly captivating in December when chicks begin to hatch. Like most parts of Antarctica and its surrounding islands, it’s best to visit during the Southern Hemisphere’s summer months. If you want to avoid the December peak season, consider November as an alternative. You’ll still have the opportunity to observe penguins breeding and nest-building on the islands.

Falkland Islands

The Falkland Islands often feature in Antarctic cruises departing from South America and are home to millions of animals and only thousands of humans. Among its most arresting sights are the penguin colonies atop cliffs that descend to pristine beaches.

Five species call the archipelago home but you’ll likely encounter the Gentoo most often, as the Falklands have the largest population of Gentoo penguins on Earth.

Typically, I would recommend visiting during the breeding season – which starts in November – to see the greatest number of penguins. However, given that millions of them inhabit an area of just 4,700 sq mi (12,000 km2), there’s still a good chance of spotting them earlier.

For this reason, I suggest visiting in October to avoid the crowds and to fully enjoy the time leading up to your arrival in Antarctica.

Although wildlife is undoubtedly the main attraction, there are also interesting sights and activities inland. Pay a visit to the Dockyard Museum or take a stroll around Whalebone Arch Square to see the impressive arch made from real blue whale jawbones.

So, when is the best time to visit Antarctica?

To see penguins hatching.

According to the Australian Antarctic Program , there are at least nine species of penguin in the Antarctica region  (out of only 17 discovered worldwide); the most common are King penguins, Adélie penguins, and Emperor penguins. The latter is the only one breeding during the Antarctic winter when the continent is closed to visitors.

King penguins have a long breeding cycle: they lay eggs from November to April. As long as you visit within this time window, there’s a good chance you’ll see not only eggs hatching but also the parents incubating them on their feet (unlike most penguins, which build nests).

Adélie penguin chicks, like most penguins in Antarctica, begin to hatch in mid-to-late December. They stay with the adults for another month until they are large enough to be left alone. When their adult feathers fully grow in February, they can feed themselves.

As thousands swim into the ocean to hunt fish and krill, they attract other, larger animals, such as humpback and minke whales.

To see whales

Although the peak of the whale-watching season falls in March, February is actually the best month to catch sight of the humpback whales and orcas that have traveled to these waters to feed. However, the snow will have turned mushy and brown underfoot due to visitors and the guano of the breeding penguins.

Most tours to Antarctica include whale-watching activities. Swoop Antarctica expeditions offer several options: watching from a ship on the open sea; from a guided Zodiac inflatable boat tour that gets you closer; or even from a kayak, watching their movements in complete silence.

To see seal pups

Spotting adult seals can be a challenge, let alone seal pups. Seals live most of their lives underwater, only coming up to breed on the sea ice. In addition, some species – such as Ross and Leopard seals – tend to be solitary.

The longest time span seals spend above water is raising the pups, which is when you can spot them basking in the sun. You’ll see young fur seals, elephant seals, and most other species on sub-Antarctic islands (mostly on South Georgia); you’re more likely to spot crabeater and leopard seals on large pack ice in the Antarctic waters. 

Most species give birth from September to December. Although the adults are usually nonchalant (though sometimes curious) around humans, the seal pups can be shy and hide from visitors, so it’s best to schedule your trip in October to see the pups before the crowds swarm in. However, significantly fewer ships sail to Antarctica in October.

To avoid the crowds and see unblemished landscapes

The early summer season (October to November) has excellent snow and ice conditions. It is the best time to visit as landscapes remain pristine – there have been no tourists to churn up the snow yet. Moreover, you may witness the spectacular sights of icebergs calving and sea ice breaking up.

Mid-November is also the mating season for Adélie penguins; you may see them building their nests. Although the whales aren’t as easy to spot during these months, you can see seals and their pups on South Georgia Island.

Looking for further inspiration for your trip to Antarctica? Read our guide to the best books about Antarctica and look at our Patagonia itineraries to plan your adventures before heading down to the White Continent.

The Best Time to Visit Antarctica

When to go to antarctica.

The Antarctica Expedition Cruising season begins in late October (the Antarctic Spring) and continues through mid-March (the Antarctic Fall). Throughout this period you will be surprised with how mild the weather can be, with average daytime temperatures in the mid-30s°F ranging to highs in the 50s°F. While there is an abundance of wildlife and natural beauty throughout this time, there are differences in what wildlife is present through the Antarctic summer season.

Early Season (Late October to December)

Climate and environment.

• Visitors experience the reawakening of Antarctica after the long winter.
• Average temperatures will be a chilly 20-25°F in October, rising to 30-38°F by early December.
• The pack ice is beginning to break up and icebergs will be at their greatest mass.
• Although Antarctica is never crowded, this is a favorite time for many veterans as there are fewer ships exploring the Peninsula and South Georgia
• Many species of penguins and other austral birds will be returning, building nests, courting and tending to their eggs on the Peninsula.
• In the Falklands and South Georgia, elephant seals and fur seals will be congregating on the beach and establishing territories, often with dramatic fights for harems.
• In South Georgia, due to the long breeding cycle, adults and chicks congregate by the thousands as the colonies are continuously occupied year round. Hungry chicks loudly clamor to be fed while the males shuttle back and forth to the sea in the hunt for food.
• By early December, southern right whales and Antarctic minke whales begin arriving.
• There is great light for dramatic landscape photography.

Mid Season (January to Mid-February)

• The days are magnificently long, with up to 20 hours of sunlight daily from late December to January.
• Average temperatures reach their highest ranges, from 30-45°F.
• The calmest seas tend to be found at this time.
• Sunlight and salt water begin to melt and erode icebergs, transforming them into ever-changing works of art.
• On the Peninsula, recently-hatched penguin chicks sporting thick warm coats will be loudly demanding food from their parents.
• Baby seals can be seen on the beaches, suckling from their mothers.
• Whale sightings, including humpbacks, minkes and orcas increase along the Antarctic Peninsula.
• Elephant seals begin their annual molt whereby they shed the outer layer of hair and skin. It will take a month and they’ll stay on shore fasting the entire time.
• Orcas begin their hunt for young seals and penguins who are now foraging on their own having left the nest.

Late Season (Mid-February to March)

• As the pack ice recedes even further, our “Crossing the Antarctic Circle” itinerary will make its attempt to go south of the Polar Circle.
• More landing sites open up as the sea ice continues to recede.
• The days begin to get shorter once again and sunsets more spectacular.
• South Georgia Island’s king penguin rookeries are densely crowded with activity.
• Chicks are quite large and starting to fledge.
• On the Peninsula, you feel the tension and the race against time for penguins who got a late start, and have young who have yet to molt and forage on their own.
• This is when you get the best possibilities for whale watching.
• With the longer days of sunlight creating plankton blooms, we should enjoy excellent sightings of humpback and minke whales as they feed on plankton.
• Orcas continue their hunts of young seals and penguins.

All Trips to Antarctica

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Antarctica: Fly and Sail Expedition

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Crossing the Antarctic Circle

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From $10,395

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Our Polar Specialists know every detail about our Antarctica trips. They will be happy to answer any questions and help you choose the journey that’s right for you. Contact us to learn more or book your trip today!

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How to Visit Antarctica

From how to get there to what to pack, here's what you need to know about visiting Antarctica.

Meena Thiruvengadam is a lifelong traveler and veteran journalist who has visited more than 50 countries across six continents. Her writing has appeared in The Wall Street Journal , Departures , TripSavvy , and other publications.

There is at least one place left on earth where you really can disconnect: Antarctica.

There is no mobile phone service. There are no town squares, no restaurants, and no tourist traps. The local "airports" are really just ice or gravel landing strips.

Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia and mostly covered with a thick sheet of ice. It's one of the most remote destinations in the world and the trip of a lifetime for many travelers. It's also easier to travel to Antarctica than one might think.

Lars-Eric Lindblad first took a group of 57 visitors to Antarctica in 1966. "At that time it was more or less like accomplishing a moon landing," his son Sven-Olof Lindblad said. "In those days, we were not as prepared as we are now. There were no satellite ice charts. You were not that different navigationally from the early explorers."

Even now it can be hard to really understand Antarctica. It is the coldest and windiest place on earth and, by some measures, the driest. It has no currency of its own. It is a desert with no trees, no bushes, and no permanent residents. More meteorites are found in Antarctica than in any other place in the world.

"Antarctica is about the wildest place you can go on the planet," Lindblad said.

It's also an increasingly popular place to visit. According to the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators , tourism more than doubled from 2010 to 2020.

"The conversation around climate change has elevated people's interest and created a sense of urgency," Lindblad said.

The Best Times to Go to Antarctica

The Antarctic travel season lasts from November through March, the Antarctic summer. Temperatures are often below freezing at this time of year, especially in the continent's interior, but they can reach as high as 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

The best time for penguin spotting is late December or early January. Wait too long and previously pristine penguin colonies get dirty and smelly, said Nik Horncastle , a regional specialist with Audley Travel. For peak whale watching, try February or March.

Other activities, including snowshoeing, kayaking, skiing, camping, snorkeling, diving, and visits to historic sites from earlier expeditions, can be experienced throughout the season.

How to Get to Antarctica

One of the more common routes to Antarctica is by ship via Ushuaia, a city at the southern tip of Argentina. Several companies, including Hurtigruten Expeditions , Quark Expeditions , and Lindblad's namesake Lindblad Expeditions , specialize in Antarctic and polar cruising, offering journeys that range in length from just over a week to a full month and beyond.

On board, expect to mingle with scientists, naturalists, historians, and underwater specialists. "The onboard experience is a conversation around where you are and what does this place mean," Lindblad said. Internet service via satellite is available but comes with a hefty price tag.

Antarctica is one place where smaller boats offer a big advantage. "We don't recommend a boat over 200 people," Horncastle said. "Big boats can only stop at a few sites."

That said, if you want to visit Antarctica on a traditional cruise line, many major carriers can get you there — often on vessels that adhere to that fewer-than-200-guests rule of thumb. Some more affordable lines, like Norwegian and Royal Caribbean , stick to "cruise-only" itineraries, which sail along the Antarctic coast (and offer great views in the process) but don't allow disembarkation on the continent. A number of others, though, from Viking Cruises and Disney Cruise Line to Ponant and Silversea , take passengers right into the Antarctic interior, thanks to on-shore excursions and ships with icebreaker capabilities.

Booking an Antarctica Expedition

Expect to spend between $6,000 and $50,000 to visit Antarctica, depending on the length of the trip and the level of luxury you seek.

"It's an expensive trip," Horncastle said — but there are options if you're traveling on a budget.

Intrepid Travel and G Adventures both specialize in affordable trips to Antarctica, and neither requires single supplements for solo travelers. If you don't feel the need to set foot on the continent, you can also opt for a sightseeing flight. These flights, which cut costs by flying over Antarctica without stopping there, are available from most major cities in Australia at prices that start around $1,200 per person.

To both fly over and step onto the continent, Antarctica21 combines a two-hour flight from Chile with cruises that passengers can board in Antarctica. While this option doesn't give visitors the chance to cruise the famous Drake Passage, it does save time and minimize the risk of seasickness.

"The Drake Passage is a crossing full of unpredictable conditions," said Antarctica21's Francesco Contini. "When the crossing is rough, passengers tend to be not very comfortable."

Packing List for Antarctica

• Knee-high waterproof boots
• Waterproof pants
• A warm parka
• Waterproof gloves
• Warm base layers
• Extra socks
• A tight-fitting beanie
• A warm scarf
• A camera and lenses
• Seasickness medication

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The best time to visit Antarctica: A month-by-month guide

Published 28th January 2020 in Travel Advice By Tom O'Hara

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Marooned at the bottom of the world, surrounded by roiling seas and covered in a thick layer of ice, Antarctica is without doubt the most remote and inhospitable continent on earth. Read on for your guide to the best time to visit Antarctica.

Yet for a few months each year, during the southern hemisphere's summer months, this fascinating wilderness becomes accessible to polar expedition ships. The days grow lighter and longer, the temperature rises, the sea ice retreats and Antarctica comes alive with an astonishing abundance of wildlife.

The short Antarctic cruise season runs from late October to March, and even within this narrow window there are considerable variations in what you'll see. The early season means colder temperatures and pristine snowy landscapes, while December and January are the most popular months to visit Antarctica , when the weather is warmer and the days are longer. Towards the end of the season you'll have more chance of seeing whales, and the shrinking sea ice means you'll be able to travel deeper into the Antarctic.

We're often asked about the best time to cross the Drake Passage , the notoriously bumpy stretch of water that lies between South America and the Antarctic Peninsula, but in truth you can experience bad weather and rough seas at any time of year.

You're better off basing your decision on the wildlife you want to see, the area of Antarctica you want to visit and how much money you want to spend. To help you in this task, here is our month-by-month guide to visiting Antarctica by expedition cruise:

It's rare for cruises to visit Antarctica as early as October, and those that do will usually only arrive here at the end of the month. It will still be very cold, with sea ice lingering around the Antarctic Peninsula, and the days are short, though this does mean that you should enjoy some lovely sunsets. Other advantages to visiting at the beginning of the season include lower fares, pristine snowy landscapes and bigger icebergs, and there will be very few other ships, so it can be a great time for photography. Look out for penguins and seals perched on smaller icebergs!

November is when most cruise lines kick off their Antarctica season, and as with October, you can expect landing sites that are yet to be sullied by penguin excrement and other tourists trampling on the snow. The days start to lengthen and penguin chicks start to hatch, while fares begin to rise the further into November you get. If you opt for a cruise combining Antarctica with South Georgia then this is the best time to see elephant seals courting, and it's the beginning of the mating season for penguins in South Georgia and the Falklands . Beautiful spring wildflowers are in bloom on the subantarctic islands, and albatrosses, petrels and other seabirds can be spotted over the Drake Passage. November also offers the opportunity to travel into the Weddell Sea on an icebreaker and visit remote emperor penguin colonies.

December is arguably the best month to visit Antarctica , with temperatures approaching their warmest (by Antarctic standards), long hours of daylight and wildlife active everywhere. It's also the most expensive time to visit, particularly over Christmas and New Year, when flights between the UK and Argentina are at their dearest. Make sure you book well in advance! Wildlife highlights include migrating whales passing through, seal pups on the beaches of South Georgia, and the courting season for seabirds, making this a good time for birding enthusiasts. If you want to know more about what to expect on a December cruise to Antarctica, make sure you read Alex's review of his Christmas cruise to the Antarctic Peninsula with Silversea.

Peak season for Antarctica continues into January, with near 24-hour daylight giving you ample opportunity to snap away with your camera. In early January you can expect to see adorably fluffy grey penguin chicks, and it's also a good month for spotting seals and whales. As the sea ice breaks up in eastern Antarctica you have the chance to join one of the rare voyages into the Ross Sea, where you can visit the remote huts used by Scott and Shackleton on their famous expeditions. These sailings are typically amongst the most expensive Antarctica cruises on offer, but they offer you the chance to go ashore in places where few other people have ever set foot.

February is the best time for whale watching in Antarctica, with species including humpback, sperm, minke, southern right and orca, and you still have a chance of seeing penguin chicks. Fur seals are also abundant at this time of year, and you'll find that seal pups are more inquisitive now that their parents are out hunting in the surrounding seas. By this point in the season you're unlikely to encounter any issues with sea ice, and this is the best month for cruises that venture beyond the Polar Circle. In South Georgia you may also find that the wandering albatross nesting sites, which are closed during the mid-season to protect hatching chicks, are now open to visit.

In March the season begins to wind down, and you'll see fewer and fewer ships in Antarctica as the month progresses. By this point it's too late to see penguin chicks and temperatures are getting colder, though it's a still great time to spot whales, and fur seals are abundant on the Antarctic Peninsula. With snow cover at its lowest and the penguins moulting, this is perhaps not the month to see Antarctica at its most photogenic, but you will likely experience some spectacular sunsets, and there are often some great value fares on offer.

April to September

By April the cruise ships have left Antarctica, almost without exception; on very rare occasions you may still find icebreakers venturing this far south. During the Antarctic winter the temperature drops precipitously, darkness descends and stormy seas rage, keeping out all but the hardiest scientists and film crews.

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Our expedition cruising guide to Antarctica will tell you everything you need to know, including when to visit, what to see and how to get there.

Tom is a Communications Manager at the Galapagos Conservation Trust and former Marketing Manager at Mundy Adventures

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Best Time To Visit Antarctica

Sunshine and snow in the South Pole

The month in which you travel to Antarctica makes a lot of difference.

November – March is the short expedition season This is not only the best time to visit Antarctica, it is the only time it’s possible – as the ice breaks up allowing ships to pass. The continent is colder but at its most untouched, with pristine ice and snow, and wildflowers blooming on the islands. December and January enjoy days filled with 20 hours of sunshine, which bring welcome warmth; temperatures hover above freezing, creating perfect conditions for seal pups and penguin chicks – as well as whales.

Best Time To Visit

We recommend.

• If you are over 16 and possessed of an adventurous spirit, why not spend a night as part of the ultimate camping experience – sleeping on the ice in Antarctica!
• Venture onto the calm ocean waters as you gracefully glide over the glasslike surface on your kayak, under the eye of your watchful guide. Don’t forget to peer at the spectacular world unfolding below you! Do note that this activity is open to those 16 years and above
• If you are a bird lover, keep your eyes peeled and camera ready as you spot all types of albatrosses, cormorants, petrels, gulls and skimmers
• Gain intimate access right into the rarely seen world of the biggest mammals on earth – the blue whale and the humpback whale as they return to feed in the nutrient-rich waters of the Antarctic Ocean
• If you are visiting this month, it’s still a great time for a spot of whale watching!
• Don’t forget to savor and photograph the stunning sunsets around this time
• Feast your eyes on the spectacular sunsets before midsummer – the skies shift from blacks to grays before a blood-red horizon spills out over the ice and water as far as the eye can see. Red turns over into orange and yellows before clear light blankets everything. This fantastic evening light makes this one of the best times for photographers to capture the islands’ stunning natural beauty
• Marvel at the spectacular icebergs, with ice falling into the water or with cavorting penguins atop of them as you cruise down the magnificent ice-filled fjords
• Bring your binoculars and prepare to enter the world of the penguin! And there are so many to photograph – from the tiny Adelie, and the easily recognizable Chinstrap, to the Macaroni and the remarkable Southern Rockhopper
• This is also the month the chicks start hatching in the penguin rookeries so be prepared for a lot of activity in those areas!
• Visit a research base to get a first-hand glimpse of what it is like to live on Antarctica. There are several abandoned and fully occupied bases scattered the continent and a general population, depending on the season, of anywhere between 1000-4000 people

Climate in Antarctica

With average temperatures of -94°F and -40°F during August – the peak of winter – the climate of Antarctica is the harshest of all continents. It does get warmer during the summer months with average temperatures of 5°F and – 49°F in February, which is considered the warmest month of the region. However, temperatures are somewhat higher in the coastal areas due: between -25°F to 5°F in winter, and 23°F to 41°F in the summer months. With such extreme climatic conditions, it is no wonder that Antarctica is the driest region on our planet, almost entirely a desert. The land experiences six months of daylight in the summer months of October to March, and the rest of the year is spent in darkness. It’s also where the lowest ever temperature on earth was recorded in 2018, -144.04°F, beating the previous record of -128.56°F from 1983!

What to Pack for Antarctica

Covered by ice approximately a mile thick, it’s safe to say Antarctica is the coldest place on earth. Temperatures often drop to as low as -70°C. With no precipitation, Antarctica is a dry place too and is technically classified as a desert. So as you can imagine; what one wears is of the utmost importance, be it day or night.

Suggested Clothing

The average temperature in the Antarctic Peninsula area during the austral summer is about 32°F, although sometimes it may feel a little lower because of the wind chill factor. For this reason, it is best to wear several layers of light, warm clothing. The suggested clothing for Antarctica is very similar to that recommended for skiing: thermal underwear, a couple of warm and wicking mid-layers, and windproof and waterproof jacket and pants as the outer layer – essentially a layered system with an outer layer that is waterproof. The air between the layers provides additional insulation. Fleeces are very suitable and waterproof pants for the landing are essential. You will also need a hat, a scarf, waterproof and insulated gloves, and sunglasses with high UV protection. We offer a complimentary packer to our guests.

Waterproof Boots

You will need to stay as warm and dry as possible all the time. Therefore, correct footwear is very important. As most landings in Antarctica are “wet landings”, the best footwear is knee-high waterproof boots. You will not need to carry them with you since your air cruiser will provide you with a pair of thermal rubber boots before arriving in Antarctica. Sturdy walking shoes or sneakers with a good grip sole for the slippery deck, and rubber boots will be provided. Please note that we provide rubber boots for shore excursion activities during the course of the tour.

Face Protection

You will also need good sunblock lotion for your face. Good quality UV filtering sunglasses are essential. Glacier glasses have leather flaps at the sides to stop the light from passing through. Due to the high reflectance of UV radiation, you will also need good sunblock lotion for your face (this means a high protection factor of perhaps 30 and above) and lip balm.

Photography

To see the wildlife you should have a good pair of lightweight binoculars (the suggested magnification is 7× or 8×). If you are passionate about photography, do not forget a good zoom lens to shoot wildlife while avoiding close approaches. Also, take with you a good supply of memory cards and spare batteries since cold temperatures can reduce their lifespan.

As a side note, don’t forget to carry all your personal medications and a suitable backpack for your belongings during shore excursions. Lightweight disposable rain gear will not endure more than one landing, so please bring high quality, expedition-weight waterproof pants.

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Best Time To Visit Antarctica

The endless wilderness of antarctica is accessible by expedition cruise and flights between late october and late march, offering the best possibilities for wildlife viewing and exploring., when to visit antarctica.

After a long and harsh winter, Antarctica becomes alive again during the summer months. The first expedition ships arrive in late October and early November with a pristine frozen polar wilderness. By December, the wildlife in Antarctica is bustling with hatching penguins and seals pupping on the remote beaches. In the height of the summer, during January and February, the days are long, the newborn wildlife takes to the waters for the first time, and longer length expeditions to reach the polar circle are possible. In March, the whales are at the height of their activity as the sea ice returns.

Each month in Antarctica offers the explorer a different experience, and many guests return to visit at other times of the year. This guide, produced by our in-house polar experts with decades of firsthand experience of visiting Antarctica, provides a detailed breakdown of the best time to visit Antarctica, with month-by-month highlights of what to expect to help you plan your expedition.

Antarctica Month By Month Guide

Visiting Antarctica in October 

Visiting Antarctica in October has its unique appeal. However, it's important to note that October is considered the late spring season, and certain factors, such as weather conditions and sea ice, can influence the overall experience. There are few cruises to Antarctica this early in the season, but if you do choose to visit in October, these are some of the potential highlights:

Pristine Landscapes

October marks the beginning of the Antarctic travel season. The landscape is still covered in snow and ice, providing a pristine and untouched appearance. The scenery is breathtaking, with towering icebergs, glaciers, and vast expanses of white wilderness.

Early Wildlife Preparations

During October, wildlife becomes more active as the breeding season approaches. Penguins, seals, and seabirds are preparing for nesting, and you may witness their behaviours as they establish territories and build nests.

Photography Opportunities

Antarctica's soft light in late spring can create stunning photographic opportunities. The pristine ice formations, wildlife activities, and unique lighting conditions can create captivating images.

Fewer Visitors

October is considered the shoulder season, with fewer tourists than the peak months of the austral summer (November to March). This can provide a more intimate and quieter experience, with fewer expedition vessels in the area.

While October has its advantages, there are also considerations to consider. The weather can be colder, and sea ice conditions may limit access to certain areas. Wildlife activities are in the early stages, and you may not witness the peak of breeding season behaviours. If you're seeking warmer temperatures and a higher likelihood of wildlife sightings, visiting later in the austral summer may be more suitable.  

Visiting Antarctica in November

Visiting Antarctica in November marks the beginning of the austral summer and offers unique highlights. Here are some key aspects to consider:

Penguin Courtship and Nesting

November is the start of the breeding season for penguins. A highlight can be witnessing the courtship rituals, nest-building, and egg-laying activities of various penguin species, such as Adélie, Gentoo, and chinstrap penguins.

Seals, including Weddell and crabeater seals, give birth to their pups in November. This is an opportune time to observe seal colonies with newborn pups, witnessing their early interactions and behaviours.

Whale Watching

November is a good time for whale watching in Antarctica. Humpback whales, minke whales, and orcas are among the species that may be spotted. This is a chance to witness these majestic creatures return to feed in the Antarctic waters.

Wildflower Blooms Arrive

While Antarctica is not known for its plant life, some hardy mosses and lichens experience a brief period of growth during the austral summer. In November, you may see the emergence of these tiny plants, adding a touch of colour to the landscape.

Migratory Birds

November sees the return of migratory seabirds to Antarctica for the breeding season. This time, species like skuas, petrels, and sheathbills can be observed.

Ice and Snowscapes

The landscapes are still pristine, with extensive ice formations and snow-covered terrain. The soft lighting of late spring can create beautiful and unique scenes for photography.

November is the beginning of the Antarctic travel season, and there are generally fewer tourists compared to the peak months of December to February. This can provide a more intimate and less crowded experience.

While November offers exciting opportunities, it's important to note that conditions can be colder compared to later in the season. Access to certain areas may still be limited by sea ice, and wildlife activities are in the early stages. 

Visiting Antarctica in December

Visiting Antarctica in December is considered the peak of the austral summer and offers a range of highlights. Here are some key highlights of visiting in December.

Penguin Chicks

In December, many penguin chicks hatch, and you can observe adult penguins actively caring for and feeding their young. Adélie, chinstrap, and gentoo penguins, among others, provide adorable and photogenic scenes.

Seal Pups and Seal Activities

December is a prime time to observe seal pups, particularly Weddell and crabeater seals. You can witness seal colonies with playful pups and keep various seal species engaging in behaviours such as basking on ice floes.

December offers good opportunities for whale watching in Antarctica. Humpback whales, minke whales, orcas, and other whale species are often seen feeding and breaching in the waters surrounding the continent.

December is suitable for birdwatchers as migratory seabirds, such as skuas, petrels, and sheathbills, actively nest and engage in breeding behaviors.  

Midnight Sun

Antarctica experiences long daylight hours in December due to the midnight sun phenomenon. This provides ample opportunities for extended wildlife viewing, photography, and exploration without the constraints of darkness.

Warmest Temperatures

While temperatures in Antarctica are still relatively cold, December tends to be one of the warmer months of the austral summer. Warmer temperatures make outdoor activities more comfortable for visitors.

It's essential to plan your trip well in advance, as December is a popular time for Antarctic expeditions, and cruise availability may be limited. 

Visiting Antarctica in January

Visiting Antarctica in January is often considered the height of the austral summer and offers numerous highlights. 

Peak Wildlife Activity

January is a month of peak wildlife activity in Antarctica. As chicks grow, penguin colonies bustle with life, and adults feed and care for them. Seals, including Weddell and crabeater seals, can be observed in various stages of their life cycles.

Penguin Chicks and Moulting

In January, many penguin chicks are in the late stages of their development, making it an ideal time to witness adorable and active penguin colonies. Additionally, some penguin species undergo their annual moulting process during this month.

January is a good time for whale watching in Antarctica. Humpback, minke, orcas, and other whale species are frequently spotted in nutrient-rich waters. This is a perfect opportunity to witness their feeding and breaching behaviours and, if lucky, on a Zodiac ride up close.

Seal colonies continue to be active with seal pups, providing opportunities to observe their playful behaviour and interactions with adults. Leopard seals, known for their menacing jaws, are often seen on ice floes.

January is still a time when migratory seabirds are active in Antarctica. Skuas, petrels, and other bird species are involved in nesting and breeding activities, making this period exciting for birdwatchers.

The Antarctic summer peaks in January, resulting in long daylight hours and the phenomenon of the midnight sun. This provides ample time for outdoor activities, wildlife viewing, and photography without the constraints of darkness.

Warmer Temperatures

January is one of Antarctica's warmest months, making outdoor exploration more comfortable for visitors. However, it's important to note that "warmer" in Antarctica is still relatively cold compared to other destinations.

Planning your trip well in advance is crucial, as January is a peak month for Antarctic tourism, and expedition opportunities may fill up quickly. 

Visiting Antarctica in February

Visiting Antarctica in February continues the austral summer, providing unique opportunities to experience the region's wildlife and landscapes. Here are some highlights of visiting Antarctica in February:

February is still a month of peak wildlife activity in Antarctica. Penguin colonies remain active with chicks, and you can witness various stages of their development. Seals, including Weddell and crabeater seals, stay present, and leopard seals may still be observed.

February is an excellent month for whale watching in Antarctica. Humpback whales, minke whales, orcas, and other whale species are often spotted, and this is a prime time to witness their feeding behaviours.

Penguin Chicks 

Many penguin chicks still exist in colonies, providing opportunities to observe their behaviour and interactions. Some penguin species undergo moulting during February, adding another exciting aspect to their life cycle.

Seal colonies remain active with seal pups, offering ongoing opportunities to observe their playful behaviour and interactions with adults. Depending on the specific species, you may still encounter Weddell and crabeater seals with their pups.

The midnight sun continues in February, providing extended daylight for outdoor activities, wildlife viewing, and photography.

February is one of the warmest months in Antarctica, offering more comfortable conditions for outdoor exploration. However, it's important to note that temperatures in Antarctica are still relatively cold compared to other destinations.

Icebergs and Glacial Scenery

In February, the ice formations and glaciers remain stunning. Calving icebergs, towering glacier fronts, and pristine ice-covered landscapes create breathtaking scenes.

End of Breeding Season

February marks the end of the breeding season for many species. Some wildlife, including penguins, may start to disperse from their colonies, but this can also offer unique opportunities to observe their behaviour during this transitional period.

It's essential to plan your trip well in advance, as February is considered a peak month for Antarctica cruises.

Visiting Antarctica in March

Visiting Antarctica in March marks the end of the austral summer, and while wildlife activity may start to decrease, there are still unique highlights to experience:

March is a transitional period, but you may still encounter penguin chicks in various stages of development. Observing their growth and interactions with adult penguins can be a highlight.

Seal colonies, especially those of Weddell seals and crabeater seals, may still have pups. This provides opportunities to witness the last stages of seal pupping and observe their behaviour.

March is considered an excellent month for whale watching as many species, including fins, humpbacks, minkes, and orcas, are most active now. 

Birdwatching

March sees the continued presence of migratory seabirds. Although some species may start their migration north, others may still actively engage in breeding and nesting activities, offering opportunities for birdwatchers.

Stunning Landscapes

In March, the ice formations and glacial landscapes are still impressive. Icebergs, glaciers, and the unique scenery of Antarctica provide fantastic photo opportunities.

Sunset Photography

March brings shorter days as the Antarctic summer ends. This can provide unique opportunities for sunset photography, capturing the beauty of the landscape in softer lighting.

March is the tail end of the tourist season in Antarctica, and there are generally fewer visitors compared to the peak months of December to February. This can result in a quieter and more intimate experience.

It's important to note that March marks the beginning of autumn in Antarctica, and temperatures may drop. Also, due to sea ice formation, access to some areas may become limited. While wildlife activity may not be at its peak, the quieter atmosphere and unique lighting conditions can make March a memorable and more serene experience.

Visiting Antarctica Between April - September

Visiting Antarctica between April and September is challenging due to the harsh winter conditions. During this period, the continent experiences extreme cold, long nights, and extensive sea ice, making it nearly inaccessible for most travellers. There are no expedition cruises to Antarctica during these winter months.

Several factors contribute to the challenging conditions:

Extreme Cold

Antarctica's temperatures can be extremely low during the winter, often well below freezing. Combined with strong winds, the wind chill can create a harsh, inhospitable environment for extended periods.

Long Polar Night

From late April to mid-September, Antarctica is in the midst of its polar night. This means the sun remains below the horizon, resulting in continuous darkness for several months. The absence of sunlight limits visibility and makes outdoor activities challenging.

Sea ice coverage increases significantly during winter, making maritime travel difficult. The frozen expanses of sea ice hinder access to many areas along the Antarctic coastline.

Limited Wildlife Activity

Most wildlife in Antarctica is adapted to the harsh conditions but tends to be less active during the winter. Many species, including penguins, seals, and migratory birds, migrate north or spend the winter months in the sea.

Isolation and Safety Concerns

Inhospitable conditions, limited infrastructure, and support services make winter travel to Antarctica logistically challenging and potentially dangerous. Few research stations operate during this period, and visitor access is highly restricted.

While visiting Antarctica during the winter months is not practical for tourists, it is crucial for scientific research. Researchers stationed at various Antarctic research stations continue their work during the winter, contributing to our understanding of the region's climate, geology, and  biology.

If you are interested in experiencing Antarctica, the austral summer months (November to March) offer the best opportunities for exploration, wildlife observation, and a more comfortable travel experience. 

Best Time To Visit Antarctica To See Wildlife

The best time to visit Antarctica to see wildlife is between November and March during the summer, which coincides with the expedition cruising season. Due to the extreme temperatures during the winter, most of the wildlife leaves Antarctica, except a few species, such as the Emperor and Adelie Penguins, due to its inhospitable climate.

The best month for wildlife watching in Antarctica depends on your individual preferences and what breeding cycles you would like to witness.

Best Time to Visit Antarctica to See Penguins

The best time to see penguins in Antarctica is between November and March. During this period, the temperatures are relatively milder, and the sea ice has receded, allowing easier access to various penguin colonies.

November and December are exciting times for penguin observation. During these months, you can witness the nesting and breeding activities of penguins and the hatching of chicks. Penguins such as Adélie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo build nests and lay eggs during this time.

January and February are also excellent months for observing penguins. The chicks are more visible, and the penguin colonies are bustling with activity. Penguins feed their chicks actively, and you may observe interactions between adults and their young.

Best Time to Visit Antarctica to See Whales

The best time to see whales in Antarctica is during the austral summer, which runs from November to March. The weather conditions are more favourable for travel, and the sea ice has melted enough to access various parts of the region.

The specific timing within this period can impact the types of whales you may encounter. November and December are often the best months for seeing feeding and courtship behaviours and witnessing newborn seal pups and penguin chicks. January, February and Early March are peak months for whale watching, with increased whale activity, particularly around the Antarctic Peninsula.

During this time, you may have the opportunity to see various whale species, including humpback whales, fin whales, minke whales, orcas, and occasionally blue whales. Remember that wildlife sightings can vary, and there are no guarantees, but the austral summer provides the best chance for observing whales in Antarctica.

Best Time to Visit Antarctica To See Seals

Antarctica is home to various seal species, including Weddell seals, crabeater seals, leopard seals, fur seals, Ross seals and Southern elephant seals. Seals are frequently sighted in Antarctica between November and March, and they are most active during this time, engaging in breeding, pupping, and other behaviours. 

November and December are the best months to witness mother seals giving birth to their pups, watching the newborns litter the beaches, and swimming for the first time.

January and February offer the most active months for seal-watching in Antarctica. Seals continue to pup during this period, and leopard seals commonly rest on ice flows with their furious-looking jaws.

Best Time To Visit Antarctica for Photography

The best time to visit Antarctica for photography is between November and March. Still, the best month depends on your interests (wildlife or landscape) and the images you want to capture. 

November & December (Late Spring and Early Summer)

The early season is the best time to visit Antarctica if you are a landscape photographer looking to capture the pristine white wilderness as it emerges from the winter. Most of the landscape is covered by snow, and it is an excellent time to capture ice formations and the best chance of photographing sea ice. 

January and February (Mid-Summer)

The best time to visit Antarctica for wildlife photography is during the peak summer months when the wildlife is most active on the Antarctic Peninsula. Penguin rookeries are fully alive, and elephant seals line the beaches. The longer days lead to more possibilities to explore, and the temperatures are at their mildest.

February and March (Late Summer and Early Autumn)

The end of the season, as the sun begins to lower in the sky, offers dramatic light conditions for landscape photographers. It is also the best time of year to see whales in Antarctica. Other wildlife, including penguins and seals, are still active. Towards the end of March, snow and sea ice return, offering countless photography opportunities. 

Best Time To Visit Antarctica For An Expedition Cruise

The best time to visit Antarctica to embark on an expedition cruise is during the summer between November and March. This season offers the best possibilities for wildlife viewing, the mildest temperatures and the best access with the most favourable weather conditions and sea ice extent. Different types of cruises to Antarctica take place at throughout the summer season. Search our Antarctica Cruises here.

Best Time To Visit Antarctica for Fly and Cruise Expeditions

Fly-and-cruise expeditions to Antarctica occur during the summer between the end of November and early March. This window offers the best conditions for charter planes to land on King George Island. Flying to Antarctica to join a fly-and-cruise expedition is only possible in November and after early March.

Best Time To Visit Antarctica for Polar Circle Cruises

Expedition cruises that venture further south along the Antarctic peninsula to cross the polar circle occur at the end of the season, in February and March, when the sea ice extent is at its furthest south, and the region becomes more accessible to ships.

A great reason to visit Antarctica now is that whales are at their most active and frequently sighted. Species, including humpbacks, minkes, and fin whales, are often seen on polar circle cruises.

Best Time To Visit Antarctica for Cruises Visiting the Falkland Islands and South Georgia

Between November and March, expedition cruises visiting the Antarctic Peninsula and stopping en route at South Georgia and the Falkland Islands occur. The best time to visit Antarctica, South Georgia and the Falkland Islands comes down to what wildlife you want to experience. 

In November, King Penguins return to their rookeries in South Georgia to start incubating their eggs. At St Andrews Bay, over 400,000 pairs of King Penguins nest in one of the largest rookeries on Earth. The beaches are full of elephant seal pups, and the vast bird life returns. Wildlife is most active in January and February, although sizeable male fur seals can often take over beaches and prevent shore landings. February and March offer excellent opportunities to encounter baby fur seals and King Penguin chicks that line the beaches.

Best Time To Visit Antarctica for Ross Sea Cruises

Only a handful of cruise ships visit the Ross Sea each year. Due to its more southerly and extreme location than the Antarctic Peninsula, cruises to the Ross Sea only operate in January and February at the height of the Antarctic summer when there are 24 hours of daylight and the conditions are at the mildest. Outside of these two months, visiting the Ross Sea is impossible due to the amount of sea ice and extreme temperatures.

Best Time To Visit Antarctica for Weddell Sea Cruises

Due to the thick sea ice that the Weddell Sea is known for, cruises for the Weddell Sea usually take place later in the season. The best time to cruise to the Weddell Sea is in late February and March when the sea ice extent is at its lowest and offers the best chance to visit wild and rarely visited locations. It is also possible to see the Weddell Sea earlier in the season in November on a luxury icebreaker cruise, which offers a truly unique experience to encounter the unexplored.

Best Time to Fly To Antarctica (and visit the South Pole)

Due to the extreme climate at the South Pole, flights to Antarctica have a minimal season and only occur during the summers. December and January are the best times to fly to Antarctica and visit the South Pole. Outside of these months, flying to the South Pole is impossible.

Best Time To Visit Antarctica for Kayaking

The best time to visit Antarctica for kayaking is at the height of the summer between late November and February. This period offers more favourable conditions for kayaking due to milder temperatures, reduced sea ice, and longer daylight hours. 

During these months, the sea ice is generally at its minimum, creating more open water for kayaking. The warmer temperatures make the experience more comfortable, and the extended daylight hours provide ample time for exploration. Remember that specific weather and ice conditions can vary each year, so it's crucial to choose a reputable expedition company with experienced guides who can adapt to the conditions.

If you would like to participate in kayaking as part of your expedition cruise, we will provide advice about the best cruise options for kayaking in Antarctica. Please get in touch with our Travel Experience Team , who will assist you.

Best Time To Visit Antarctica for Camping

Camping in Antarctica is limited to the peak summer months, from November to February, when temperatures are more conducive for outdoor activities. 

During these months, nature enthusiasts can experience the unique thrill of spending a night in the pristine wilderness of Antarctica as part of their expedition cruise.

If you would like to participate in camping as part of your expedition cruise, we will advise you about the best cruise options in Antarctica. Please contact our Travel Experience Team , who will assist you.

Help to choose the best time to visit Antarctica for your Interests

Here at North Pole Cruises, we are the experts in Antarctica, with decades of collective firsthand knowledge exploring the polar regions. We are happy to help you choose the best time to visit Antarctica based on your preferred travel dates and what you want to see and experience. Please get in touch with our knowledgeable Travel Experience Team . We will provide free, no-obligation advice to help you decide on the best month, ship and itinerary.

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The Best Time to Visit Antarctica, We Can Help You Decide

Deciding on the best time to visit Antarctica is like trying to solve a captivating puzzle.

This icy wonderland, with its pristine landscapes and extraordinary wildlife, holds different treasures in every season.

The key? Understanding what each Antarctic season has to offer.

Whether you're yearning for penguin chicks' first steps or the sight of majestic whales breaching, timing your journey right will make all the difference. The best time to visit Antarctica, after all, depends on what magical moments you wish to witness.

Antarctica's Allure: The Ultimate Adventure

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The mystique of Antarctica, the white continent, is compelling. This untouched wilderness at the bottom of our planet tempts with its pristine snowy landscapes and unique wildlife.

A visit to Antarctica provides an opportunity to explore regions such as the Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia Island, and South Shetland Islands. Each region presents a different aspect of this captivating destination.

This northernmost part of mainland Antarctica extends towards  South America , offering some breathtaking scenery on earth - towering icebergs and snow-capped mountains rising from deep blue waters are just a few examples.

During your exploration here, you might encounter seals basking on floating chunks of ice or penguins waddling along pebbly beaches. A journey through narrow straits like Lemaire Channel offers panoramic views that will be etched in your memory forever.

If it's unparalleled wildlife encounters during your trip to Antarctica that you're after, then consider adding South Georgia Island . South Georgia Island is renowned for its abundant wildlife, with millions of breeding birds each year including albatrosses, petrels, shearwaters and more - a spectacle comparable to Africa's Serengeti. There are also King Penguins who form rookeries stretching beyond the eye can see. History buffs won't want to miss out on visiting Shackleton's gravesite located in Grytviken cemetery right within the island itself.

• You'll find a volcanic archipelago known as South Shetland Islands , situated northwest off the Antarctic Peninsula, which serves up another intriguing stopover within a realm where visitors may witness colonies upon colonies of densely packed chinstrap penguins while navigating iceberg-filled channels by zodiac boats under expert guidance

Key Takeaway: 

Visiting Antarctica is an adventure filled with breathtaking landscapes and vibrant wildlife encounters. Explore regions like the Antarctic Peninsula, South Georgia Island, and South Shetland Islands for a captivating journey through pristine snowy wildernesses, bustling penguin colonies, and iceberg-filled channels.

Antarctica, a pristine wilderness at the bottom of our world, is characterized by dramatic seasonal shifts. Each season offers unique experiences and adventures for travelers who dare to venture into this icy wonderland.

In October and November, spring emerges from the grip of winter's chill. As temperatures inch above freezing point, sea ice begins its retreat under warmer weather conditions. This period marks an exciting time as wildlife starts returning after their long migration journey north during harsh winters.

A highlight among these arrivals are Emperor Penguins laying eggs amidst newly formed colonies, an awe-inspiring sight that makes  visiting Antarctica in spring truly worthwhile.

Besides penguins' mating rituals, it's also prime time for whale watching as these majestic creatures start appearing in Antarctic waters, again a spectacle you wouldn't want to miss on your  Antarctic expedition.

If you're planning to visit Antarctica, consider making your journey during the month of October. This time marks the start of spring and is an exceptional period for experiencing this vast, white continent.

Visiting Antarctica in late October signifies entering a world that's waking up from its long winter slumber. As temperatures rise above freezing, sea ice breaks apart, creating channels for ships to traverse through Antarctic waters towards the South Shetland Islands and Falkland Islands.

This early tourist season sees fewer crowds than peak months like December or January, giving travelers a more intimate experience with nature. The scenery is at its most pristine state - pack ice formations are still intact and fresh snow covers everything.

In terms of wildlife viewing, it's mating season! Expect encounters with king penguins strutting their stuff while gentoo penguins build nests preparing for offspring arrival. Seals also become more active as they emerge from their winter hideouts onto melting sea ice floes.

In contrast to the northern hemisphere autumn chills, the Antarctic summer starts early here due to Earth's tilt. Known as Austral Summer, days lengthen dramatically, providing warmer weather conditions ideal for exploring outdoors without extreme cold hampering activities on your visit to Antarctica.

Advantages Of Visiting In October:

• Fewer tourists mean less competition when landing ashore & better opportunities for close-up wildlife interactions.
• Crisper views – clearer skies offer spectacular vistas across untouched landscapes.
• Mild weather conditions make exploration more comfortable compared with harsher winter months.
• Late-October visitors might be lucky enough to witness the first emperor penguin chicks hatching!

To ensure an unforgettable adventure amidst changing seasons on your next trip visiting Antarctica, remember these tips:

Plan well ahead considering limited availability during certain periods;  dress appropriately respecting unpredictable weather patterns; always follow  guidelines set by tour operators ensuring safety & protecting the delicate ecosystem around us!

The allure of Antarctica, the white continent, is undeniable for avid travelers. As the austral summer begins in late October and early November, it's an exceptional time to visit Antarctica.

In November, the Antarctic Peninsula and surrounding islands such as the South Shetland Islands are emerging from their winter slumber. The sea ice breaks up, revealing landscapes untouched by human presence - pristine pack ice formations glistening under sunlight create a surreal experience that will leave you mesmerized.

The start of warmer weather brings with it the mating season for many species. You'll witness colonies of Gentoo penguins preparing nests and courting rituals; seals lounging on ice floes; seabirds filling the skies; and if you're lucky, sightings of majestic whales navigating through Antarctic waters. A trip to the Falkland Islands may even reward you with sights of King Penguins!

Antarctic cruises in November offer unique opportunities not available during the peak tourist season (late December to early January). With fewer tourists around, there's more flexibility for spontaneous landings or zodiac cruises among towering blue-tinted icebergs – truly a once-in-a-lifetime adventure!

• Weather Conditions: While temperatures are colder than later in the summer months (typically between -2°C / 28°F and -8°C / 18°F), visitors find this period very manageable with proper clothing layers.
• Pack Light : Remember most Antarctic cruises provide necessary outerwear including boots and waterproof pants, which can save valuable luggage space.

Remember that visiting Antarctica requires careful planning due to limited availability, especially during its short tourist season within the southern hemisphere’s summer months.

So whether your dream is stepping foot on the Antarctic Circle or witnessing fluffy penguin chicks hatching – booking your travel plans now ensures you won't miss out on this great time!

The summer months ”December through February”are often considered peak tourist season due to milder weather conditions and extended daylight hours which allow more extensive exploration opportunities both on foot or via zodiac cruises.

Now is the perfect time to witness fluffy penguin chicks hatching and adapting to their frosty surroundings, a heartwarming scene that will surely make your summer visit memorable.

Moreover, you might also get lucky enough to see whales breaching out in open water while they feed on krill, their main diet source during these bountiful months. It's truly an incredible sight.

In late November and early December, Antarctica welcomes its summer months with warmer temperatures, making it an ideal time to embark on one of our  luxury Antarctic cruises . This period marks the beginning of the tourist season as sea ice breaks up around the South Shetland Islands and Falkland Islands, allowing ships to navigate through Antarctic waters towards the majestic Antarctic Peninsula.

December is a great time to visit because it coincides with the mating season for many species found in Antarctica, including King Penguins and Gentoo Penguins. Witnessing these creatures' courtship rituals can be both entertaining and educational! Moreover, by late December or early January, penguin chicks start hatching, adding another layer of excitement for nature lovers visiting Antarctica.

Enjoy Mild Weather Conditions for Exploration

The relatively warmer weather conditions during December make exploration more comfortable compared to other times of the year. With less pack ice obstructing your way, you can venture further south, crossing even beyond the mythical Antarctic Circle.

• Plan Early: Due to high demand in the peak season (Austral summer), ensure your bookings are done well ahead so as not to miss out on this amazing experience.
• Dress Appropriately: Even though temperatures rise above freezing point during the daytime in summers, packing layers will keep you warm against chilly winds.
• Pack Sunscreen: The sun's reflection off snow can cause severe burns, hence sunscreen is a must-have item while visiting Antarctica, especially during sunny days.

In conclusion, visiting Antarctica in December offers a unique opportunity to witness the beauty of the white continent and its abundant wildlife. Whether you're captivated by the courtship rituals of penguins or yearn to explore the vast landscapes, December provides the perfect conditions for an adventure of a lifetime. Plan your trip early, dress appropriately, and don't forget your sunscreen. Get ready to embark on an unforgettable journey to Antarctica!

Experience the Magic of Antarctica in January

January is considered one of the best months to visit Antarctica. It marks the peak of the Antarctic summer, offering relatively warmer weather conditions with temperatures around -2°C (28°F). The milder temperatures make it more comfortable for exploration, and many sea ice barriers break up, allowing easier access to areas like the South Shetland Islands and Falkland Islands.

Moreover, January is a time of vibrant wildlife activity in Antarctica. Penguin chicks start hatching, and you can witness the adorable sight of penguins nurturing their young ones or engaging in mating rituals. Seals can also be spotted lounging on pack ice, adding to the incredible wildlife encounters.

Another advantage of visiting Antarctica in January is the long daylight hours. Due to the Earth's tilt toward the sun, you'll have extended daylight for your day tours, providing more time for exploration and immersing yourself in the breathtaking landscapes.

• Pack appropriate clothing: Despite being summer, Antarctica's standards are different. Layered clothing, including thermal wear, will keep you comfortable in the chilly breezes off Antarctic waters.
• Sun protection gear: With almost 24-hour sunlight reflecting off the white surfaces, sunglasses and sunscreen are essential to protect yourself from the intense glare.
• Eco-friendly travel essentials: As responsible travelers, let's ensure minimal impact on this pristine ecosystem. Carry eco-friendly toiletries and water bottles, and adhere strictly to guidelines provided by tour operators like Voyagers Travel Company , who specialize in luxury experiential travel programs tailored for discerning adventurers like yourself!

In conclusion, January offers the best time to visit Antarctica. The peak of the Antarctic summer, vibrant wildlife activity, and long daylight hours create an unforgettable experience.  Plan your trip early to secure your spot, as this period is part of the peak tourist season. Don't miss the opportunity to explore the wonders of Antarctica and create memories that will last a lifetime.

One of the crucial times to visit Antarctica is in February. This is considered one of the summer months in the region, offering a range of unique experiences and opportunities. During this time, you can explore the Antarctic Peninsula, as well as the South Shetland Islands and Falkland Islands.

Contrary to its reputation for extreme cold, Antarctica experiences relatively warmer temperatures in February. This makes it more comfortable for visitors, with average highs around -2°C (28°F). The sea ice also begins to break up, allowing for Antarctic cruises to navigate through channels that are otherwise inaccessible.

It is during this time that penguin chicks start maturing, and adult king penguins begin their mating season. You can witness colonies bustling with activity, particularly the abundant Gentoo Penguins, as well as seals basking on pack ice.

If you're lucky, late February presents an opportunity to witness one of nature's most stunning displays: the Aurora Australis, also known as the Southern Lights. This mesmerizing natural light show is often visible when cruising near the Antarctic Circle under clear skies.

Avoiding Peak Tourist Season

Another advantage of visiting Antarctica in February is that it falls towards the end of the tourist season. This means fewer crowds compared to peak months like December and January, while still being within the Austral Summer window. It provides a perfect balance between good weather conditions and relative tranquility compared to busier periods.

When planning your trip to Antarctica, it's important to book early due to limited availability, especially if you have specific dates in mind. Antarctica has become increasingly popular among avid travelers, so securing your spot in advance is crucial.

Before  packing your bags, consider checking out some practical tips from experienced adventurers on the best gear suited for these types of trips. Being well-prepared will ensure you have a memorable and enjoyable experience exploring the wonders of Antarctica.

When March ushers in across the vast icy expanse of Antarctica, daylight hours start decreasing but there's still plenty going on despite changing weather conditions. Seal pups become increasingly visible along shorelines, a delightful sight not easily forgotten.

Bird species such as skuas and petrels begin their northbound migration before colder temperatures set in a poignant reminder about nature's cyclical patterns even within this remote part of our planet.

March, in particular, is an underrated yet fantastic time to explore Antarctica. During this month, the weather conditions are milder compared to the harsh winter months. Daytime temperatures hover around freezing point (0°C or 32°F), and there is less wind, enhancing your overall experience on Antarctic cruises.

March also offers unique opportunities for wildlife encounters. You'll have the chance to witness penguin chicks learning how to swim and becoming independent. Seals enjoy their last few weeks on the ice before migrating northward as the sea ice breaks up. Whale sightings are particularly high during this month as they feed heavily before their long migration back towards northern hemisphere waters.

Explore Dramatic Landscapes & Accessible Regions

The receding pack ice in March opens up access to regions like the South Shetland Islands and Falkland Islands, which may not be accessible earlier due to heavy sea ice coverage. It's a great time to uncover more of Antarctica's secrets and witness breathtaking late-summer sunsets over the Antarctic Peninsula.

• Plan Early: Despite being late in the peak season compared to December-January visits, demand remains high. It's important to plan early, especially if you're seeking luxury experiences.
• Pack Wisely: While the weather conditions are milder compared to other times of the year, it's still essential to prepare for potential cold snaps. Pack layers, along with waterproof clothing and sturdy footwear suitable for walking across slushy terrain or snow-covered trails.
• Capture Unforgettable Moments: Don't forget to bring your camera! With extended daylight hours throughout most days in March and stunning natural scenery, there are countless photographic moments waiting to be captured.

Antarctica's dramatic seasons each offer unique experiences. Spring, from October to November, sees wildlife return and penguins lay eggs. Summer (December through February) is peak tourist season with abundant daylight for exploration and witnessing hatching penguin chicks. Autumn in March offers last chances for wildlife viewing before winter sets in.

Summer months from December through February mark the peak tourist season in these southernmost reaches of our planet. This period is characterized by temperatures around freezing point and up to 24 hours of daylight due to a phenomenon known as the 'Midnight Sun'. These conditions offer ample opportunity for exploration and wildlife encounters amidst the  Antarctic Peninsula's frozen vistas or South Georgia's abundant biodiversity.

In addition, summer brings a flurry of activity among local fauna - fluffy penguin chicks taking their first steps or whales breaching waters rich in krill. Zodiac cruising amongst towering icebergs or stepping foot on land at research stations like Port Lockroy becomes possible during this time too.

If balancing cost savings with memorable sights sounds appealing, then consider traveling during shoulder season spring (October-November) or autumn (March-April).

During springtime, sea ice begins breaking after winter's firm grip; Emperor Penguins start laying eggs an event that draws birdwatchers worldwide. On the other hand, late March to early April sees seal pups frolicking in dwindling patches of snow while certain bird species prepare for migration southwards before colder weather sets back in.

Apart from lower prices compared to peak season rates, fewer tourists make the journey now and you may even get lucky enough to see giant icebergs freshly calved off glaciers a sight to behold indeed.  

Surely not for the faint-hearted, the most daring adventurers might choose to visit between May and September, also referred to as the polar night, owing to complete darkness except occasional aurora displays if weather permits, casting ethereal lights across icy landscapes.

For a thrilling Antarctic adventure, timing is crucial. Summer (December-February) offers ample exploration opportunities and wildlife encounters amidst 24-hour daylight. Shoulder seasons (spring: October-November; autumn: March-April) balance cost savings with unique sights like Emperor Penguins laying eggs or seal pups playing in snow. Winter visits promise ethereal aurora displays for the bravest adventurers

The optimal time for an Antarctic expedition is during the summer months, from December through February. This period offers milder weather and extended daylight hours.

A typical trip to Antarctica lasts between 10-14 days, including crossing the Drake Passage. However, longer expeditions can extend up to three weeks or more.

The price of an Antarctic voyage varies widely based on factors like travel duration and ship amenities, but expect costs starting around $ 6,990 per person for basic packages.

There are no specific age restrictions for visiting Antarctica. It is suitable for adventurous travelers of all ages who are in good health and have a love for wildlife and exploration.

Antarctica, the white continent at the bottom of our world, is a place of mystery and unparalleled beauty.

The pristine landscapes, teeming wildlife-rich South Georgia, and untouched wilderness are just some of its many charms.

We've explored how each season in Antarctica offers unique experiences. Spring brings life back to this icy land while summer's warmth allows for extended exploration time.

Autumn provides one last chance for exceptional wildlife viewing before winter's silence sets in, with an opportunity to witness the mesmerizing dance of the Southern Lights across the sky.

The best time to visit Antarctica really depends on what you're hoping to experience. Whether it's witnessing emperor penguins laying eggs or watching whales breach as they feed on krill, there's something magical waiting for every adventurer out there!

If you're ready for your own Antarctic adventure, consider Voyagers Travel Company. We specialize in luxury and experiential travel programs tailored specifically for destinations like Antarctica! Our expert team will guide you through planning your dream trip, ensuring that you get the most out of your journey no matter when you decide to embark. Ready? Start planning today.

Experience the beauty and grandeur of Antarctica like never before with our range of luxury cruises. Discover this captivating continent aboard some of the most esteemed vessels in the industry: Ultramarine , Ocean Endeavour , Ocean Adventurer ,  World Explorer , and  Ocean Diamond . These meticulously designed luxury boats offer you the opportunity to explore the icy landscapes in style and comfort. Each vessel boasts state-of-the-art amenities, spacious accommodations, and expertly crafted itineraries that promise an unparalleled adventure. Join us on one of our exceptional cruises and create lasting memories amidst the breathtaking backdrop of Antarctica's pristine wilderness.

• Starting at $6,990: Your dream Antarctica adventure is within reach with Ultramarine's starting price. Enjoy unparalleled luxury without compromising on quality, making this expedition a remarkable value.
• Diverse Itineraries : Choose from an array of itineraries tailored to your preferences, ranging from 8 to 23 days. Whether you seek a comprehensive 23-day exploration or a shorter 8-day getaway, Ultramarine has the perfect journey for you.
• 14-Day Immersion: Immerse yourself in Antarctica's wonders with our 14-day itinerary, designed to provide ample time for wildlife encounters, breathtaking landscapes, and in-depth exploration.
• 16-Day Odyssey: For those seeking a more extensive adventure, our 16-day itinerary offers an enriched experience, allowing you to delve deeper into the heart of Antarctica.
• Expert Guided Tours: Accompanied by a team of experienced naturalists, scientists, and photographers, you'll gain valuable insights into the region's unique ecosystem and history.
• State-of-the-Art Amenities: Unwind in luxurious accommodations featuring modern design and premium comforts. Enjoy gourmet dining, a wellness center, a spa, a fitness center, and more.
• Enriching Activities: Engage in a variety of activities, including kayaking, ice climbing, and guided shore excursions, all designed to provide you with an immersive and unforgettable adventure.
• Sustainable Exploration: Travel responsibly with Ultramarine's commitment to environmentally friendly practices, ensuring that future generations can continue to experience Antarctica's pristine beauty.
• Captivating Wildlife: Witness penguins, seals, whales, and other iconic species in their natural habitat, capturing the essence of Antarctica's unparalleled biodiversity.
• Staff And Crew : 140
• Draft: 16.4ft (5.1m)
• Registration : Marshall Islands
• Guests: 199
• Lifeboats: 4, Fully Enclosed
• Length : 420 Ft (128m)
• Ice Class: 1a+, Pc6
• Cruising Speed :16 Knots, In Open Water

Choose Ultramarine for an unparalleled voyage to Antarctica, where luxury, exploration, and sustainability converge to create an experience beyond compare.

• Starting at $6,995: Immerse yourself in opulence at a surprisingly accessible starting price. Experience the pinnacle of luxury while indulging your passion for adventure.
• Varied Itineraries : Ocean Endeavour offers diverse itineraries to suit your preferences, ranging from 11 to 21 days. Choose the duration that best suits your schedule and desire for exploration.
• 21-Day Grand Expedition: Embark on an epic 21-day adventure, allowing you to truly immerse yourself in the magic of Antarctica. Experience the region's pristine beauty and unique wildlife up close.
• 14-Day Polar Discovery: Delve into the heart of Antarctica with a 14-day itinerary that offers a comprehensive exploration of this remote and breathtaking destination.
• Expert Guidance: Accompanied by knowledgeable guides, you'll gain insights into the region's ecology, history, and geology, enhancing your appreciation of this remarkable environment.
• Comfortable Accommodations: Relax in luxurious cabins designed for your comfort, equipped with modern amenities and elegant furnishings that ensure a restful stay.
• Range of Activities: From guided shore excursions and wildlife observation to kayaking and photography workshops, Ocean Endeavour offers a plethora of enriching activities to suit all interests.
• Sustainable Travel: Ocean Endeavour is committed to responsible travel, incorporating eco-friendly practices to minimize its impact on Antarctica's delicate ecosystem.
• Captivating Wildlife: Marvel at the spectacle of penguins, seals, and whales in their natural habitat, providing you with extraordinary opportunities to witness the region's unique fauna.
• Built: Poland 1981
• Ice Class: 1B
• Length: 137m (332ft)
• Breadth: 11m (36ft)
• Max Draft: 5.6m (18ft)
• Cruising Speed: 15 knots
• Propulsion: 4 Skoda Sulzer engines (4,355 horsepower per engine)
• Electricity: 220 volts/60Hz
• Passenger Capacity: 200 (maximum)
• Lifeboats: 6
• Life rafts: 8

Discover the splendor of Antarctica with Ocean Endeavour, where luxury, adventure, and conscientious exploration come together to create an exceptional voyage.

• Starting at $7,825.00: Immerse yourself in luxury without compromise. Ocean Adventurer offers a remarkable experience that's accessible and exceptional, ensuring you get the most out of your journey.
• Diverse Itineraries : Choose from an array of itineraries spanning 8 to 23 days, catering to a variety of preferences and schedules. Whether you're seeking an immersive 23-day adventure or a shorter getaway, Ocean Adventurer has the perfect voyage for you.
• Expert-Guided Exploration: Enrich your journey with the insights of experienced guides who will introduce you to the region's captivating history, wildlife, and environment, enhancing your connection to Antarctica.
• Sumptuous Accommodations: Retreat to elegantly designed cabins that provide the epitome of comfort and relaxation, ensuring a rejuvenating haven after each day's exploration.
• Engaging Activities: Immerse yourself in a range of activities, including guided shore excursions, kayaking, wildlife spotting, and photography workshops, catering to all levels of adventure seekers.
• Sustainability Commitment: Travel responsibly with Ocean Adventurer, which prioritizes eco-friendly practices to minimize its impact on the delicate Antarctic ecosystem.
• Unforgettable Wildlife Encounters: Witness the incredible diversity of Antarctica's wildlife, from playful penguins to majestic whales, in their natural habitat, providing awe-inspiring memories.
• Culinary Delights: Savor delectable cuisine in the ship's fine dining restaurants, offering gourmet meals that blend local flavors and international delights, all while surrounded by breathtaking polar vistas.
• Staff and Crew: 87
• Draft: 4.5 meters
• Registration: Bahamas
• Guests: 128
• Stabilizers: 2 x sperry gyrofin (1998)
• Propulsion : Diesel twin engines - 5,400 horsepower
• Lifeboats : 4 partially-enclosed
• Zodiacs: 14 (mark v type)
• Voltage: 220v, european plugs
• Length: 101.1 meters
• Ice class: 1a
• Breadth: 16.2 meters
• Gross tonnage: 4614 tons
• Cruising speed: 12 knots, in open water

Embark on an unforgettable Antarctic adventure with Ocean Adventurer, where luxury, exploration, and responsible travel converge to create an expedition that's both extraordinary and environmentally conscious. Experience the magnificence of Antarctica in unparalleled comfort and style.

• Starting at$9,715.00: Indulge in opulence that's worth every moment. World Explorer offers an extraordinary experience that begins at this accessible price point, allowing you to savor luxury without compromise.
• Versatile Itineraries: Choose from a range of itineraries spanning 8 to 23 days, catering to diverse preferences and schedules. Find the perfect voyage to fit your desired level of exploration and adventure.
• Expert Insights: Engage with expert guides who provide valuable insights into the region's history, ecology, and wildlife. Immerse yourself in the captivating narrative of Antarctica's wonders.
• Sumptuous Accommodations: Retreat to well-appointed cabins that combine elegance with comfort, offering a tranquil haven to relax after your day's adventures.
• Enriching Activities: Engage in a variety of activities, from guided shore excursions and wildlife observation to kayaking and photography workshops, designed to enhance your Antarctic experience.
• Commitment to Sustainability: World Explorer prioritizes responsible travel, implementing eco-friendly practices to ensure the preservation of Antarctica's fragile ecosystem.
• Captivating Wildlife Encounters: Witness the amazing wildlife of Antarctica, from adorable penguins to mezmerizing whales, all in their natural habitat.
• Staff And Crew : 130
• Draft :4.7 Meters
• Registration: Portugal
• Guests: 172 (140 On Antarctic Express Programs)
• Propulsion: 2 X Rolls Royce 9,000 Kw Hybrid Diesel/electric
• Lifeboats: 2, Fully-enclosed
• Length: 126 Meters
• Ice Class: 1b
• Breadth: 19 Meters
• Cruising Speed : 16 Knots, In Open Water

Embark on an unforgettable Antarctic odyssey with World Explorer, where luxury, exploration, and environmental consciousness converge to create a journey that's not only indulgent but also deeply enriching. Experience the majesty of Antarctica in a class of luxury that transcends expectations.

• Starting at $11,495.00: Immerse yourself in opulence with Ocean Diamond's starting price. The pinnacle of luxury is within reach, promising an unforgettable expedition that's worth every moment.
• Diverse Itineraries: Ocean Diamond presents an array of itineraries, ranging from 8 to 23 days, catering to various preferences and schedules. Choose the perfect voyage to suit your desired level of exploration.
• Expert-Guided Exploration: Accompanied by knowledgeable guides, your journey becomes a profound learning experience as you delve into Antarctica's history, wildlife, and ecosystem.
• Elegant Accommodations: Retreat to lavish cabins that blend sophisticated design with ultimate comfort, offering a haven to relax and rejuvenate after each day's adventure.
• Engaging Activities: Participate in a range of activities including guided land excursions, wildlife observation, kayaking, and more. Immerse yourself in the Antarctic landscape like never before.
• Sustainable Practices: Ocean Diamond is committed to responsible travel, implementing eco-conscious practices to minimize its impact on Antarctica's delicate environment.
• Captivating Wildlife Encounters: Witness the enchanting wildlife of Antarctica, from playful penguins to majestic seals and whales, all in their natural habitat, creating lasting memories.
• Gourmet Delights: Indulge in gourmet dining experiences that showcase both local and international cuisine, accompanied by panoramic views of the awe-inspiring polar scenery.
• Staff And Crew : 144
• Draft : 4.9 Meters
• Registration : Nassau, Bahamas
• Guests : 189
• Propulsion : 2 Wichmann Engines, 7375 Horsepower
• Lifeboats : 2 Fully Enclosed
• Length : 124 Meters
• Ice Class: 1d
• Breadth: 16 Meters
• Cruising Speed: 15.5 Knots

Experience the epitome of luxury with Ocean Diamond as you venture into the heart of Antarctica. This voyage promises not only opulence and comfort but also a deep connection to one of the world's most captivating and pristine destinations.

Check our Antarctica Cruises:

• Antarctic Explorer: Discovering the 7th Continent plus Cape Horn & Diego Ramirez
• Christmas In Antarctica
• South Georgia and Antarctic Peninsula: Penguin Safari
• Antarctic Express: Crossing the Circle

Best Time to Visit Antarctica

The best time to visit Antarctica is during the summer period from November to March. Wildlife is most active during these months and the days are at their longest. 

The most popular period to visit during the summer is from December to February when temperatures are regularly above zero.  

Although the high period of summer is the most popular, deciding what month you wish to travel will very much depend on what you wish to get out of your Antarctica cruise adventure.

The Antarctica summer/tourist season is roughly 5 months long from early November  through to late March . Although people do travel to Antarctica in winter, this is usually for a specific purpose, e.g. filming Emperor penguins.

Winter is a landscape of freezing darkness  where temperatures regularly hit -50 degrees Celsius.

The best time to do an Antarctica cruise greatly depends on what you want to see – ice-scapes, penguins, mating season, chicks, whales – if you can decide on this the you’re well on your way to making a decision. However, if you’re constrained to a certain period, don’t panic – no matter the date you travel, your Antarctica cruise experience will be unforgettable.

Antarctica cruises that depart later in the season are often slightly cheaper, however, much of the wildlife has departed for open sea by this point. If your main goal is to see a whale , this is the perfect time to travel.

We often get asked if the Drake passage is calmer at any point during the season, sadly, the answer is no. The Drake Passage has the potential to be rough throughout the summer period. Saying this, the Passage is more often calm than not. 

Remember, when deciding upon what time to visit, also take into account what you are likely to see on the Sub-Antarctic islands such as South Georgia and the Falklands . Unlike Antarctica, these islands have a wide array of flora that may sway some passengers.

Below we have provided a graph detailing the best time to see certain animals, landscapes etc.

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Best Time to Visit Antarctica – Monthly Breakdown

Late october and november.

Whilst few Antarctica cruises leave in October, the early season offers a number of bonuses.

Throughout the east side of the Antarctic Peninsula sea ice is prevalent. In fact, this is the only period to see large swaths of sea ice before it breaks up later in the season. 

Certain species during this period such as Adélie, gentoo and chinstrap penguins come ashore to begin their nesting. This is a great time therefore to see courtship rituals between adults as they find mates.

This is also similar for many of the Antarctic sea birds such as skuas, albatross and petrels. If you take a special icebreaker tour along the Wedell sea you will have a great chance of seeing the elusive Emperor penguin .

Spring flowers prevail throughout the Falkland Islands and elephant seals begin courting on South Georgia during November. South Georgia is also home to king penguins .

During November the females lay their eggs and can be seen waddling about with an egg balanced on their feet while the male hunts offshore. Fur seals litter the shores and their mating rituals are often quite aggressive.

During this period the landing strip also opens. This means that people looking to climb Mt Vinson can begin their expeditions on the new ice. It’s also good for people looking to take camping tours inland to spot emperor penguins.

November is a particularly good time for photographers because the sun is low in the sky which creates incredible sunrises and sunsets if conditions are clear.

 November in Antarctica 

December marks the start of the Antarctic summer properly. It is a great time to visit as the days are becoming warmer and conditions begin to settle. 22 hours of daylight each day gives visitors maximum wildlife watching time.  the daylight hours are the longest during this period, roughly around 20 hours.

Early December is a great time to see penguin chicks hatching on the Falkland islands, followed in late December with chicks along the Antarctic Peninsula . 

Seal pups are common on the beaches of South Georgia and sightings of baleen and toothed whales increase along the Peninsula. Because chicks are growing during this season, one of the best sights is seeing the parents come ashore and start a feeding frenzy among the thousands of chicks.

Humpback whales begin to arrive in Antarctica during December, having made their long migration from the tropics in search of rich feeding grounds. 

The air strip on King George Island opens in December and express itineraries become available to people short on time or wishing to avoid the Drake Passage. 

 December in Antarctica 

Weather is at its ‘warmest’ during January with temperatures often exceeding 10 degrees Celsius on the Peninsula. 22+ daylight is perfect for wildlife watching and penguin chicks are at their most fluffy and cute during this month. 

If you’re particularly interested in the history of Antarctica then this is a great time to visit as the sea ice surrounding East Antarctica breaks up, allowing tours to rarely visited sites such as the historic huts of Shackleton and Scott. Thanks to the retreating sea ice, itineraries such as Crossing the Antarctic Circle also become available. 

This is also the most popular time for land expeditions as the long daylight hours make weather far more favourable.

Orca and humpbacks are frequently seen during January and the warmer weather makes zodiac excursions a real joy. Although fair weather is never guaranteed in Antarctica, January is famously the most steady.  

 January in Antarctica 

Temperatures are still excellent in February and weather is generally quite fair. Whale sighting pick up in February and minke and humpback whales become quite curious once their appetite has been sated.

Sea ice has retreated to its maximum level which opens up all itineraries across Antarctica including the Ross Sea, Crossing the Circle and East Antarctica voyages.  

Adult penguins begin moulting in February and the chicks can be seen learning to swim in shallow pools. The penguin chicks are very active this month, chasing their parents up and down the beach for food. Because the parents are constantly diving in and out of the water for food, this is the best month to see predating leopard seals and, if you are very lucky, orca hunts. 

Sea birds remain during this period and the weather begins to cool in the later half of the month. 

 Antarctica in February 

Later in the season is the best time to see whales. Having gorged on krill, the whales are often curious towards visitors and will approach kayaks and zodiacs. 

Also, fur seals become more common along both the peninsula and the islands. Young fur seals tend to be quite playful and often make excellent photo subjects.

March is popular for photographers because the sun is low in the sky, creating wonderful colors. Also, penguin chicks are curious and have no fear when approaching humans. 

Prices are also lower in March, but the downside is that the weather is much colder and less predictable. 

 March in Antarctica  

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When to Visit Antarctica: Your month-by-month guide

The best time to visit Antarctica is during the summer months of November to March, when the weather is warmer, the days are longer, and the wildlife is most active. This is also the time when the ice conditions are most favorable and the continent is most accessible.

However, if you are on a tight budget, you may want to consider visiting during the shoulder seasons of October, and April, when prices may be lower and there are fewer visitors. Whatever time you choose to visit Antarctica, be sure to plan your trip carefully, bring the right gear, and be prepared for the challenges of this remote and rugged landscape.

Antarctica is one of the harshest environments on the planet, and weather conditions can change rapidly and unpredictably. During November to March, you are more likely to have clear skies and calmer seas, which will allow you to enjoy the amazing scenery and wildlife without being hampered by harsh weather conditions.

Antarctica is home to an incredible array of wildlife, and the best time to see them is during the breeding and nesting season, which takes place during the summer months. During this time, you can  see penguins and other birds nesting and caring for their young, as well as seals and whales basking on the shores and in the waters around the continent.

Antarctica is a land of ice, and the conditions of the ice can vary greatly depending on the time of year. During the summer months, the ice is generally more broken up and there are more open channels and waterways, making it easier to explore the coastline and see the wildlife. During the winter months, the ice is more consolidated and there are fewer opportunities to see the Antarctic wildlife and landscapes.

The best time to visit Antarctica is also the time when it is most accessible. During the summer months, more ships and tour operators are offering trips to the continent, making it easier to find a trip that suits your schedule and budget. Additionally, the warmer weather and longer days also make it easier to fly to the continent, as there are  more flights  and better weather conditions during this time.

Visiting Antarctica can be a once-in-a-lifetime experience, but it can also be expensive. If you are on a tight budget, it is best to visit during the shoulder seasons of October and April, when there are fewer tourists and tour operators, and prices may be lower.

Travel in November

Cruises to Antarctica in November provide travelers with the first departures of the season!

The sea ice is abundant and milling about the chilly waters. See many unique ice formations!

Penguins are looking for their mates and may show you their best courting display behavior.

Travel in December

December cruises to Antarctica provide travelers with the incredible opportunity to spend Christmas on the continent!

Penguin chicks are now starting to hatch, and may be observed hatching. 

Longer daylight hours give guests ample light to enjoy activities and witness incredible scenery!

Travel in January

Visiting Antarctica in January means travelers will experience the peak daylight hours, that means 20+ hours of sunlight!

Penguin chicks are now learning basic survival skills and can be seen exploring with their parents.

January is a peak month for Antarctic travel, so prices may be higher during this month. 

Travel in February

February travelers have the special opportunity to sail all the way South to the Antarctic Circle. This trip may only happen once the sea ice has receded slightly from January’s warm and lengthy sunlight.

Watch the sea for whales! They’re now starting to return to Antarctica as well.

Travel in March

Cruises to Antarctica in March are the last of the season. Watch for savings on off-season bookings!

Whales are abound in the waters as they snack on the abundant cetaceans. 

Penguin chicks are now exploring the ice and may prove to be inquisitive towards visitors!

Start Planning With Our Antarctica Travel Guide!

Learn everything you need to know about the 7th continent in our guide to Antarctica! This comprehensive guide was assembled by our staff members who have almost 20 years of experience with Antarctic travel. Ensure you know all about the continent for your Antarctic cruise! Read about wildlife, destinations, travel tips, general information, and more.

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When is the best time to visit Antarctica?

• Month-by-month

The best time to visit Antarctica is between late October and late March, which are the Southern Hemisphere summer months. Temperatures range between 4°C and 8°C. This is the only time when an expedition cruise there is possible. The Drake Passage — a two-day sea crossing to get to and from Antarctica — is calmer at this time.

There are some variations in what you might see within this window of exploring opportunity, with luck playing a large part in it, but it will be a trip of a lifetime.

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Month-by-month guide for travelling in Antarctica

Visiting Antarctica in December - January

High summer in Antarctica. Days are long, the temperatures are at their ‘warmest’ and the penguins, seals and seabirds are active everywhere. Christmas and New Year is a very busy time for Antarctica cruise travel, so if you wish to travel at this time please plan well in advance.

Visiting Antarctica in February - March

These are the best months to see whales such as humpback, sperm and orca. Fledgling penguin chicks can be seen and seabirds are still abundant.

Visiting Antarctica in April - September

Winter in Antarctica — stormy seas, freezing temperatures and no possible way to visit.

Visiting Antarctica in October

Some cruises start to operate in late October, and the advantage of being a guest on one of the first trips of the season is seeing the start of the courting and mating season of the penguins of South Georgia and the Falkland Islands. Down near the Antarctic Peninsula you will need to push your way past the winter sea ice.

Visiting Antarctica in November

This time of year sees the winter ice further break up into stunning icebergs and sculptures. Wildlife courtship rituals continue, including male seals establishing their breeding beaches, and wildflowers are in bloom in South Georgia and the Falklands .

Antarctica Climate Guide

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Practical tips for travelling to Antarctica, from social protocols to guidance on money matters, with a link to the latest FCDO travel advice.

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When is the best time to visit Antarctica?

• Start of season, be amongst the first to arrive • Largest icebergs • Nesting penguins

Head to Antarctica in November and you'll be amongst the first to arrive for the season, meaning the landing sites will have not seen many visitors yet. You'll see pristine snow and dazzling white landscapes, as well as the largest icebergs of the season. Each with its own unique shapes and tones of blue, these huge ice sculptures make for a photographers dream. As do the penguins, who will be beginning to nest. Look out for eggs at the feet of the penguins as they waddle along within their colonies.

The peak season begins in December, as wildlife is active and the weather is fairer, meaning increased chances of being able to access the landing sites. Daylight lasts 20-22 hours so there's ample opportunity for spotting wildlife and taking in the stunning landscape, including the icebergs that are still large at this time.

For penguins, what you see will depend on the part of the month you visit. They are nesting in early December and then from mid-December the eggs start to hatch, so you'll likely get to see some young penguin chicks. You may also spot seal pups that have recently been born.

Fly/fly and fly/cruise trips start from December as the airstrip on King George Island opens this month.

The peak continues into January as the weather is still fair with typically good access to landing sites. There is nearly 24 hours of daylight.

One of the main reasons that this is the peak season...the penguin chicks are at their fluffiest and cutest! So if baby penguins are what you want to see, January is the best time to visit.

You should see plenty of seals about at this time as well as migrating whales; humpbacks start arriving from January and you may also see orca.

February sees mostly fair weather, though temperatures start to lower. You may still see penguin chicks and seal pups at the start of the month. Chicks are active and adult penguins start to moult. With lots of penguins around, there are increased chances of seeing leopard seals in February.

February is a good time to go beyond the Antarctic Circle or to the Weddell Sea as the sea ice has broken up enough to allow for access.

March is the end of the season, meaning there are fewer visitors and prices can be lower. Temperatures do tend to be colder and the weather is less predictable. The shorter days however do mean you'll get to see sunrises and sunsets. If you want to see whales, March is the best month. You will hopefully see lots of humpbacks, minke and other whale species around with good chances of seeing that beautiful fluke as they dive. You can also expect to see plenty of fur seal and plenty of penguins in the colonies, with many still moulting.

April - October

These months are out of season for tour operators. There are no tourist ships visiting the region during these months because of the harsh climate and thick sea ice. Some operators may go right at the end of the October but most start in November.

Found your best time to visit Antarctica?

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14 Best Things To Do In Antarctica To Do On Your Expedition

I f ever given the chance to visit the seventh and arguably the most enchanting continent of Antarctica , take it ! I can assure you there is nowhere on the planet quite like it.

Although you might be thinking Antartica is all just icebergs and penguins, you’d be wrong. In fact, there are many unmissable things to do in Antartica that make it a unique and thrilling destination to adventure to.

After having the chance to spend nearly 15 days on a Chilean Naval Icebreaker with a National Geographic team , we learned there is much to discover and enjoy in the cold continent.

In this guide, we’ve shared some of the top attractions in Antartica and the highlights to experience.

We recommend the Antarctica tours from reputable company G Adventures. Not only will the  G Expedition  steer you closer to some of our planet’s most amazing places, their professional and highly-skilled team of on-board experts offer keen insight, unique perspectives, and hands-on attention not found in a guidebook. See the G Expedition tours and availability here.

1. Marvel at The Magnificent Landscape At Paradise Bay

2. run the antarctic half-marathon or marathon, 3. lick an iceberg, 4. send a postcard from port lockroy, 5. take a selfie with a penguin (and enjoy the other wildlife), 6. take a helicopter ride for an aerial view of antarctica, 7. take a shot with someone at a research base, 8. check out observation hill for a stunning view, 9. visit the south pole, 10. take a dip in deception island’s hot spring, 11. go kayaking around antartica peninsula, 12. go on a whale watching excursion, 13. do a polar plunge, 14. go snowshoeing, best time to visit antartica, how to get to antartica, final thoughts, 15 best things to do in antarctica.

The Antarctic summer starts in December and runs through till about March. The skies are usually bright and the temperature is no colder than a crisp, sunny winter’s day.

The summer is the best time to see Antarctica at its most beautiful, and arguably the best place to witness the beauty of Antartica’s landscapes is at the pristine Paradise Bay .

Paradise Bay is on the West side of Antarctica and the still waters and fascinating icebergs make it the epitome of Antarctica.

Visiting this harbor is simply put— magical.

On a typical summer day you would see exquisite ice sculptures standing tall and majestic, clear skies reflecting all the mightiness of the mountains into the clear bay.

Albatrosses spreading their 11ft wings and filling the skies as leopard seals bask in the sun on an ice float. Time stops still here .

The beauty is breath taking and is the go-to place if you want to experience the magical wonder that is Antarctica!

Read more: How To Visit Antartica on a Ross Sea Expedition.

On King George’s Island in nearly sub-zero conditions there are the Antarctic Half-Marathon and Marathon for those that are the most hardcore!

How great would finishing a race with a nice little medal be, to commemorate the trip to Antarctica?

The first things that I noticed when entering Antarctic territory were the beasts that were the icebergs.

They speckled the water and stood tall against the clear sky. It had always been on my bucket list to lick a real iceberg and where better to cross this off my list than in Antarctica!

Icebergs are never still and are constantly shifting positions due to the wind. For this reason a lot of bigger ships tend to steer clear of these ‘bergs. No one wants a repeat of the Titanic!

The chances come with smaller vessels, primarily Zodiacs . They are must smaller and can navigate around icebergs with ease.

We had the chance to pull up next to a rather small iceberg and see how far into the water it actually went. The old adage is true, what we saw really was “just the tip of the iceberg!”

Getting exciting at the possibility of being able to lick one of these great ice blocks we convinced our zodiac driver to pull in between two icebergs. Needless to say, this was a bad idea.

The imperceptible motions of the icebergs were lost on us and soon we found ourselves trapped between them.

Luckily, a flatboat from a base was returning to shore when they spotted us and were able to aid in our rescue!

If you stop by Port Lockroy make sure to send yourself a cool postcard stamped from Antarctica.

The Port Lockroy Museum used to be the British Base but is now a full time post office.

It is a cute little structure from which you can send yourself mail stamped with Antarctica’s stamp!

The best place to enjoy the frolicking of penguins would be on  Paradise Bay . The snow capped mountains in the background with the little creatures in tuxedos happily scampering about is quite a sight.

They love to slide around on their bellies and splash around in the water. Their squawking and cooing is a pleasurable cacophony. Here is the ideal place to watch them play and take photographs.

The penguins on Antarctica aren’t used to humans but they sure aren’t scared of us either. They happily run up to you and circle your feet.

There are several species of penguin in Antartica, such as King Penguins, Gentoo Penguins, and Emperor Penguins. The penguins at Paradise Bay are Gentoo Penguins.

In terms of wildlife there is more to see than just penguins.  Sometimes Leopard Seals, Elephant Seals, Fur Seals and Weddell Seals  beach themselves on shore to relax after a meal, or even to lie in wait for the oblivious penguins to walk within reach.

These creatures aren’t used to humans either but they are not as friendly as the penguins.

We were advised by the people from the base and the National Geographic Team to leave the seals (and any other creature that wasn’t a penguin) alone, for our own safety.

In fact, it’s not a good idea to pick up or touch the penguins either. Many people do, but it’s not ethical practice and may frighten the penguin so we don’t advocate for this.

It is breathtaking to get an aerial view of Antarctica and its magnificent landscape.

Using a helicopter is probably the best way to travel around the continent and witness the Emperor penguin colonies, or even fly amongst albatross.

A popular spot to fly over is the Weddell Sea region, which is known for its wildlife.

You may also be in with a chance of seeing humpback whales, orcas, right whales swimming in the ocean, or see seals basking on ice floes.

It’s an odd thing when you ask someone where home is and their answer is Antarctica.

This is quite the case for the roughly 4,000 people that call Antarctica home during the summer months and the 1,000 that stay there during the winter as well!

Having a look into a base you wouldn’t even realize that you were on Antarctica. In fact, there are 70 permanent bases on the continent, each belonging to a different country – though not all of them are open to the public.

There’s a rather up-to-date facility at Base O’Higgins, a base belonging to Chile. They are staffed with all the amenities one could hope for including a basketball court!

Some other research stations you can visit as a tourist are Vernadsky Station , which is owned by Ukraine, Brown Station , Carlini Base , and Cámara Station which belong to Argentina .

So go ahead, be bold, as to take a shot (whether a drink or with a camera) with a person from within one of these awesome bases.

If you’re looking for an incredible view of the snowy peaks and icebergs, then head to the McMurdo Station and trek up Observation Hill .

It is not that much of a trek from the station (roughly 30-40 minutes) with an elevation of 754-foot (230 meter), but the view from the top is stunning. Though be warned, it’s a steep trek!

There is a beautiful view of the Ross Ice Shelf and views of Mt. Erebus ; the perfect spot for quiet reflection.

The South Pole lies at 90°S and 0°W . The best way to access this point is via helicopter, because it’s quicker and safer.

However, you can also reach the South Pole by trekking. The trek is not for the faint hearted though – you need to be equipped with specialized polar gear, designed to withstand the harsh conditions of the icy continent.

You can also reach the South Pole by vehicle.

Standing at the South Pole is how one can claim that they have indeed reached all the way to the bottom of the Earth. You can also visit the US Scientific research base known as the Amundsen – Scott South Pole Station.

Another bucket list thing to do in Antartica is experience the joy of bathing in a hot spring in Antarctica. Yes, you heard me! Strip down and swim around in warm Antarctic waters!

On Deception Island , at the South Shetlands in Antarctica , there is warm volcanic soil and even warmer water underground. This is because the island sits in a caldera above an active volcano.

If you’re feeling particularly brave you can wade into the warm shore water or else just dig up some of the volcanic soil and climb into a steaming hot pool of water right on Antarctica’s mainland!

One of the best ways to see Antartica is to get out on the water. Grab your paddles and life vest, and kayak around the icebergs and sheets of glacial ice.

While most cruise expeditions will have smaller zodiac cruises that take you to land, a kayak tour is a great way to get up close and personal with the landscape and wildlife.

While you might be anxious about the water conditions, the water around the Antarctic Peninsula is usually very still and calm, since it’s protected by the glaciers.

Sometimes it’s even possible to be greeted by curious whales in the waters.

Check out kayak tours in Antarctica here!

Not trip to Antarctica would be complete without taking a whale-watching adventure to see these majestic creatures in their natural habitat.

Antarctica boasts an abundance of whale species, including humpback, orca, minke, and blue whales. The sheer size and grace of these magnificent animals as they breach, tail-slap, and swim alongside your zodiac vessel is a sight to behold.

Not only do you get to witness their behavior, but you can learn about their conservation needs through expert guides and educational lectures onboard your expedition vessil.

Does the idea of taking a dive in cold water scare you? That’s exactly why you should do it!

The most thrilling thing to do in Antarctica is to take a cold plunge. This is when you strip down to your swimsuit, attach a safety rope around your waist, and dive in.

Sometimes shots are supplied so you can warm your insides up before and after. After all, you may need to be a little tipsy to take this challenge on!

Another great way to see the landscape of Antartica is to for a hike in snowshoes.

Imagine strapping on snowshoes and traversing through vast expanses of untouched snow, surrounded by towering glaciers, majestic mountains, and an endless white horizon.

It’s a chance to immerse yourself in the serene beauty of Antarctica, exploring areas inaccessible by other means.

The best time to visit Antarctica is during the summer, which runs from November to March.

During this time, the temperatures are relatively mild, ranging from -2°C to 8°C (28°F to 46°F).

The days are longer, with up to 20 hours of daylight, allowing for more time to explore and admire the stunning landscapes.

Wildlife is also abundant during this period, with penguins, seals, and whales being easily spotted.

The best time to see nesting penguins and baby penguins hatching is from November and early December, while late February and March are the best months to do whale watching as they migrate through the Drake Passage.

Antartica isn’t a destination where you can simply book a flight and go. There’s only one way to visit the continent as a tourist, and that’s on an Antarctic Cruise or by joining as a volunteer/research on an Antarctic Expedition.

Before booking a cruise expedition, be sure to research reputable tour operators.

Most travelers reach this icy paradise by boarding a cruise ship from Ushuaia, Argentina, which serves as the gateway to the Antarctic Peninsula and the Falkland Islands.

Alternatively, some opt for fly-cruise options, where they first take a flight to Punta Arenas, Chile, before boarding a ship.

It’s important to choose a voyage that suits your preferences and budget, though the cheapest cruise that we’ve come across is still around $4000 USD per person for ten days.

Note that the only way to reach Antarctica is to sail through Drake Passage, a notoriously rough section of ocean where waves can reach 12 meters (40 feet). Be sure to pack plenty of motion sickness tablets.

So there you have it, those are the best things to do in Antartica, and as you can see, there’s a lot of cool things to see and do.

Since most people visit Antartica as part of a cruise, be sure to check out what excursions and activities they have planned to help you decide on what to do.

Some cruises have workshops and educational talks, as well as additional excursions you can take.

The beauty of visiting Antartica is that much of the planning is done for you when you purchase an expedition package, but we hope this guide gave you some inspiration for what activities to look for when booking an expedition.

Have you been to Antarctica before? Is it on your bucket list now? Let us know in the comments.

When your day job is leading expeditions to the bottom of the earth in Antarctica 

Jenny Waack, Stephi Walker and Ida Olsson share what it’s like to lead expeditions to one of the most remote and adventurous places on earth. 

No matter how prepared for the beauty of the Antarctic you might be, it will leave you speechless. Just check out some of the reviews on Intrepid’s Antarctica trips and you’ll see phrases like ‘trip of a lifetime’, ‘life changing’, ‘beyond words’, ‘breathtaking’ and ‘mind blowing’ appear over and over again. For most visitors, it really is a once-in-a-lifetime trip. But, what’s it like when you get to return more than once a year?  

The team aboard the Ocean Endeavour can tell you. Jenny, Stephi and Ida were three of Intrepid’s four Antarctica expedition leaders this 2023-24 season, and each of them made at least four or five trips to the seventh continent this year.  

Each of the Ocean Endeavour ’s 12 trips to Antarctica this season had one expedition leader who’s responsible for the entire operation. The role of an expedition leader is a huge one, from planning and coordinating all landings and activities to managing 30 or so expedition team members – among them assistant expedition leaders, logistics managers, subject matter experts, activity guides and a doctor, to name a few. While all three aren’t on every trip, whenever they’re not acting as expedition leader you might find them on board in an assisting role.  

‘I knew I wanted to guide people to Antarctica after my first visit,’ says Jenny Waack, who started working there in 2017 and became an expedition leader for Intrepid this season. ‘It wasn’t just about finding a way to return to this stunning place, although that was certainly a part of it.’ 

The remoteness and long journeys aren’t for everyone, but they draw a diverse group of leaders.

‘The experience had a deep impact on how I see and feel about the environment and conservation. I believe guiding in Antarctica is an amazing way to continually experience this place through the eyes of the guests and to share my passion for its preservation and appreciation with others.’ 

The remoteness and long journeys aren’t for everyone, but they draw a diverse group of leaders. Jenny, originally from Germany, now calls Costa Rica her home base. The 39-year-old used to work in investment and retail banking. ‘The transition was challenging,’ she recalls. ‘I had to learn a whole new skill set and adapt to a very different way of life, but ultimately, it was worth it to pursue my passion for nature, adventure and conservation.’  

When not in the Antarctic region, Jenny leads shark conservation diving trips and conducts whale shark research in the Galapagos. ‘These pristine environments are not only breathtaking to explore but also serve as vital ecosystems that must be preserved for the benefit of current and future generations,’ she says. And she’s just as active when she’s off duty, hiking, diving and skiing, with some yoga to balance it all.   

Stephi Walker, who’s 35, lives in Scotland and holds a degree in environmental geoscience. Given her interests, working in Antarctica may have always been in the cards. ‘As a kid, I used to look at maps of the world and fixate on [faraway]-sounding Tierra del Fuego at the end of the earth. It’s where I now spend a good amount of time as our trips start and end in Ushuaia in Tierra del Fuego. Perhaps it was fate!’ she says. 

There is little terrain Stephi isn’t comfortable on. She is also a mountain leader, white-water canoe instructor, sea kayaker and commercial skipper and has led trips to remote areas of Canada, Ecuador and Borneo. 

And Ida Olsson, 39, was originally a teacher at home in Sweden, a skill that she says helps her on expeditions. ‘It has helped me develop my skills to guide people the right way,’ she explains. ‘It has also helped me to create lectures to make it easier to learn and remember.’ Each day, travellers get to sit in on lectures on a huge range of subjects presented by the team’s leaders and experts.  

When she’s not in the polar south, Ida is at the top of the world in Svalbard, a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Circle, where she takes adventure travellers on ski trips, snowmobiling and glacier hikes. ‘I absolutely love working in these extreme environments,’ she says.   

Historically, it’s not been typical to see so many women in the role of expedition leader in Antarctica. 

‘Leadership and management styles in the expedition cruising industry have been a bit archaic but this is slowly beginning to change,’ says Stephi. ‘A focus on psychological safety and equality in the industry is long overdue. I also really appreciate all our wonderful male colleagues who are curious and open to learning about how we can all support each other in the workplace.’ 

Seeing women in these roles also leaves a mark on Intrepid travellers. ‘I had a really lovely moment earlier this season with an older guest who was asking me about what kind of experience and qualifications we look for in leaders,’ Stephi recalls. ‘His daughter, in her late 20s, had been on a trip with us the month before and had felt re-energised by seeing so many vibrant, competent women working together in such a remote environment.’  

It’s the only continent on earth dedicated to peace and science, thanks to the Antarctic Treaty.

For each of them, access to Antarctica’s environment has strengthened their commitment to preservation and responsible tourism. ‘The landscape is breathtaking,’ Ida says. ‘After living in Svalbard, I was used to glaciers, but Antarctica was beyond anything I had ever seen.’ 

Stephi has found the environment grounds her. ‘I think the experience that Antarctica delivers can leave us feeling more connected to self, others and place, which, for me, really matters.’ She also mentions that it’s the only continent on earth dedicated to peace and science, thanks to the Antarctic Treaty. ‘It feels important not to leave this out,’ she adds.  

Jenny feels her time in Antarctica has reinforced the importance of responsible tourism. ‘[It] has a way of captivating you like no other place on earth,’ she says.‘It’s crucial that we minimise our impact on this fragile ecosystem and respect the delicate balance of life here.’   

Follow in their footsteps on a small group adventure to Antarctica.

Feeling inspired?

Maryam Siddiqi

Maryam Siddiqi is a Toronto-based writer who has contributed to National Geographic, The Globe and Mail, and Elle Canada. Follow her on Instagram at @siddiqs.

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Home News What it would be like to live permanently in Antarctica

What it would be like to live permanently in Antarctica

On 25 October 1991, I made my first trip to the US’s  Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station . I vividly remember landing on the ice runway onboard a ski-equipped LC-130 Hercules transport.

Upon exiting the aircraft, I experienced a blast of cold air that — despite having lived and worked in chilly Alaska — was somehow profoundly different.

The temperature was a brisk -53.6°C with a windchill of -75.5°C and a wind speed of 9 knots. The physiological altitude was equivalent to being 3370 metres above sea level. We were constantly warned to take it easy upon arrival to avoid experiencing any of the symptoms of  high-altitude sickness , such as pulmonary edemas.

This is one of the highest, driest, and coldest places on Earth where humans have a permanent presence.

Only the Russian  Vostok Station  is higher in altitude further up the polar plateau, and therefore colder, with the lowest ever ground temperature of −89.2°C recorded in the southern winter of 1983.

The physical and mental challenges

Living in such conditions comes at a price that people pondering an ice change may not be prepared to pay — both physically and mentally.

Antarctic stations must bring in all supplies from the outside and the costs of keeping the stations running and their crews fed and housed are as extreme as the environment itself. Supplies are brought in by plane and sometimes by  tractor traverse  — or across the ice. The South Pole station is 1353km by air and 1601km by tractor traverse from McMurdo Station on the coast.

Energy has been traditionally provided by  diesel generators burning AN8 , a jet fuel mixture suited for the cold temperatures of Antarctica. Approximately  1.7 million litres  are used at the station each year and in 2012 it was  estimated  that fuel cost between USD$9.25 to $10.60 a litre by the time it travelled from the beginning to the end of the supply chain. The cost has likely increased since.

So, not only is Antarctica high, dry, and cold, it is costly for humans to be there on a permanent basis.

Although coastal Antarctic conditions are not as extreme as the middle of the continent, it is still cold, windy, subject to storms, and extremely isolated from any human population centres. The sustainability of a permanent settlement with little to no outside support would be fraught with problems.

For example, the ability to grow food is problematic. Greenhouses could potentially work, however, during the long dark winters, grow lights would be needed. Grow lights consume energy and energy, in the form of fossil fuels, must be brought in from the outside.

There is potential for other  renewable sources of energy  involving wind and solar. Whereas the South Pole is a good candidate for solar during the southern summer, given it has many cloudless days and 24 hours of sunlight, the coast of Antarctica is much more subject to cloudy conditions.

Wind may be a reasonable alternative on the coast, but the extreme cold temperatures are very hard on equipment, thereby making wind generators challenging to maintain.

Early Antarctic expeditions, such as  Roald Amundsen’s South Pole expedition , took advantage of marine mammal and bird resources for food during their winter-over periods. However,  the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty  today prohibits any molestation of the flora and fauna.

Why anyone would want to live in Antarctica permanently?

Antarctic research stations are crewed by adults that are a mix of scientists and support personnel, for example mechanics and electricians. They are there for the sole purpose of scientific research.

Winter-over crews rotate through on a mostly yearly basis. Social and psychological research has documented a wide variety of psycho-social and physiological stresses experienced by winter-over crew members.

Long periods of isolation and confinement can lead to increases in  tension, anxiety, fatigue  and  depression . Research has also found that people’s abilities to adapt to these conditions and seek social support over time  can be influenced by their cultural background .

Indians at Maitri Station reported the highest levels of depression, the Chinese at Great Wall Station reported the highest levels of confusion, whereas the Russians at Vostok Station reported the highest levels of anxiety in contrast to the Americans at South Pole Station who reported the lowest.

However, it is important to note  the important role of group dynamics : some winter-over groups do better than others in terms of group cohesion and this impacts overall levels of depression, confusion and anxiety experienced by crew members. We can only imagine how these psychological and physiological stressors would play out if people lived permanently on the continent.

I have worked with the Iñupiaq Alaskan Natives in northwestern Alaska, and they have a culture that has specifically adapted to the isolation and extreme environmental conditions. Permanent settlements would equally require the emergence of an adaptive culture, and all that it entails, in order to survive and flourish.

Antarctica is isolated and hard to get to. Family and friends cannot just hop on a plane and visit. On the other hand, there are stations in Antarctica that do have whole family units living, working, and going to school at the station.

Both  Chile  and  Argentina  have stations that include families in moderate numbers. These stations are on the Antarctic Peninsula where conditions are less extreme, and the bases are nearer geographically to both Argentina and Chile. They are the closest thing to a ‘normal’ community on the continent.

Nevertheless, the stations still need significant outside support for supplies, families still miss out on important life events back home, and residents rotate through on a periodic basis so in essence their stay there is not permanent.

Reasons to stay

There have been permanent settlements that have existed historically in other extreme and isolated areas — such as  South Georgia Island , a British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The island has an important historical connection to Antarctica.

As a part of Ernest Shackelton’s failed Transantarctic Expedition, he sailed 1253km from Elephant Island off the Antarctic Peninsula to South Georgia Island in a small lifeboat to save his crew after the ship  Endurance  was caught in the ice and crushed in the Weddell Sea, east of the Antarctic Peninsula.

Shackelton, one of the greatest Antarctic explorers,  is buried on South Georgia Island .

There were seven whaling stations on the island from 1904 to 1965. The island had a community of workers and government officials, some with families. There was a Norwegian Lutheran Church and a meteorology station.

Despite being isolated, a community emerged on the island to service the whaling industry for well over 60 years, a company town of sorts. The island was eventually abandoned following the decline of whaling.

Antarctica has a variety of precious minerals and other unexploited natural resources. The mining and extraction of these resources would have the potential for more ‘company towns’ to emerge, not unlike what happened on South Georgia Island.

Economics is a powerful incentive and, without constraints, the emergence of mining settlements in Antarctica would not be beyond the realm of possibility.

Under current treaty agreements  this is not permissible .

Professor Jeffrey C. Johnson is a Professor of Anthropology at the University of Florida. He has conducted extensive long-term research supported by the National Science Foundation comparing group dynamics of over-wintering crews at the American South Pole Station, with those at the Polish, Russian, Chinese, and Indian Antarctic Stations. He has also done research funded by the National Science Foundation on Iñupiaq Alaskan Natives traditional ecological Knowledge of sea ice and climate change.

Originally published under  Creative Commons  by  360info ™.

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