who can visit mecca

What are the requirements for traveling to Mecca? passport and rules

What are the requirements.

Muslim pilgrimage to the Mecca once a year. The most important of them all is the so-called Hajj, pilgrimage that takes place in a particular month. During the rest of the year, other pilgrimages take place, but these are considered minor and are not mandatory.

There are some requirements to travel to the Mecca and make the pilgrimage. The first one is almost tacit: to be a Muslim. Non-Muslims ‘unfaithful’ or are banned from this city. The next requirement to travel to the Mecca is to be an adult, male or female and have the possibility, whether economic to make the pilgrimage.

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The following requirements to travel to the Mecca are quite , such as being healthy and being an adult, means mature, in order to understand the meaning of the pilgrimage to Mecca. In addition, the believer must be free and be able to make the pilgrimage without any problem at all.

Another group of the requirements to travel to Mecca is of a financial nature: being able to pay for the round trip, as well as supporting your family during the time the believer is absent from the house. This is one of the most important requirements since the pilgrimage to Mecca is expensive. To carry out this Muslim rite matter, several believers dedicate an important part of their lives saving money to make it possible.

Some believers do not have the chance to raise enough money to perform the rite. That is why there are several foundations and organizations around the world that donate money to pay for travel and lodging for some rigorously selected believers, during the days when the pilgrimage lasts. In some cases, the foundations get money from the sponsors, while in other cases, they get it from the government.

For the sponsors, offering the pilgrimage of another believer, it is like giving them a blessing, since they are giving them the opportunity to live a unique experience and that will be of great benefit to their spirituality. Among the requirements to travel to Mecca under this scheme, it is precisely not having the money to do so. In addition, you have to be over 40 and converted to Islam. This foundations treat believers to live the spiritual experience this rite gives, and the idea is to favor the less privileged. For example, they try to pay for the trip to the elderly, since it is considered that he or she will be less likely to make the pilgrimage in the remaining time of their life.

These are not the only requirements to travel to the Mecca. Apart from the economic barrier, there is another important barrier, which is the permission to enter the country. Saudi Arabia does not issue a tourist visa, nor is tourism allowed on its border, because of this, a limited amount of fees are given to each country, in proportion to the number of Muslims living in the country, so that they can Make the pilgrimage. In this way, Muslims who do not live in Mecca or Saudi Arabia can enter to make the pilgrimage.

There are other requirements to travel to Mecca of a religious nature. This is due to the fact that there are three ways to make the pilgrimage: one for those who live in the same city, another for those who live outside, as long as they do not live more than 88 kilometers from it, and another for those who live more than 88 kilometers of it. As the latter is the most important, important characteristics will be mentioned.

It has two parts, the first one has 5 defined rites, like consecration as a pilgrim, circling around the Kaaba, praying after turning around the Kaaba, running between two points and finally shaving the mustache and with the haircut. The second part has more requirements.

During the first rite of the pilgrimage, the believer has to have every intention of finding God during the pilgrimage, wearing a special costume and saying the prayer. For the second rite, seven laps must have around the black stone, with departure and arrival in it. Immediately after that, the prayer must take pleasure in front of a monument. After the run between the two points between which it is believed that Agan ran to get water for Ishmael takes place. To end the rite, the fifth stop is to have a little haircut, shave your mustache or beard.

A Trip To Mecca: The Best Guide For Muslim Tourists

Whether you’re a Muslim or not, at least once you’ve heard about the city of Mecca . Mecca is a city located in Saudi Arabia that is considered by Muslims to be the holiest place in Islam . Every year, millions of Muslims make a pilgrimage (known as the hajj) to Mecca, and it is also a popular destination for Muslim tourists from all over the world.

Our guide, written by experts will cover everything you need to know about planning a trip to Mecca, including how to get there, where to stay, what to see and do, and how to make the most of your experience. We’ll also provide some valuable tips for staying safe and avoiding cultural misunderstandings.

A Trip To Mecca: The Complete Guide For Muslim Tourists

Introduction: Why Visit Mecca?

Mecca is the holiest city in the Islamic faith and a mandatory pilgrimage site for all able-bodied Muslims. Located in present-day Saudi Arabia, Mecca was where the Prophet Muhammad was born and received the revelation of the Quran. For people who follow Islam, Mecca is a place of great religious significance and a reminder of the central tenet of their faith: the Oneness of God.

For Muslims, the trip to Mecca is a once-in-a-lifetime religious obligation. Every year, millions of Muslims from all over the world make the journey to Mecca. The trip is an opportunity to perform the hajj or pilgrimage, and to stand in solidarity with other Muslims from all walks of life. Mecca is also a place of great historical and cultural significance.

The city is home to the Kaaba, the holiest site in Islam, as well as the Al-Masjid al-Haram, the largest mosque in the world. For many Muslims, visiting Mecca is a deeply moving and spiritual experience. It is a chance to connect with their religion on a personal level and to feel closer to God.

How to Get There: Flights, Trains, and Buses

The best way to get there is by plane. There are direct flights to Mecca from major airports all over the world, including London, Paris, New York, and Dubai. You can also take a train or bus to Mecca, but these options are less convenient and usually take longer. The journey by bus or train is also more expensive.

Before your trip to Mecca, it is important to check the visa requirements of Saudi Arabia in advance. Citizens of many countries, including the United States, will need to obtain a special visa to enter the country.

Accommodation: Where to Stay in Mecca

When planning a trip to Mecca, it’s important to choose the right place to stay. There are a few things to keep in mind, such as proximity to the holy sites and the overall atmosphere of the hotel. Luckily, there are plenty of great options in Mecca, so you’re sure to find the perfect place for your needs.

If you’re looking for a luxurious and modern hotel, the Ritz-Carlton Mecca is a great choice. It’s located just minutes from the Grand Mosque, making it convenient for those who want to spend time praying and exploring the holy city. The hotel also has an on-site spa and restaurant, so you can relax and enjoy yourself during your stay.

For a more traditional trip , consider staying at the Dar Al Tawhid Hotel. This hotel is located right next to the Grand Mosque, making it easy to get to your prayers on time. The hotel has a more traditional feel, with Arabic architecture and furnishings. However, it still offers all the amenities you need for a comfortable stay, such as an on-site restaurant and laundry service.

Attractions: What to See and Do in Mecca

There are plenty of things to see and do in Mecca, whether you’re interested in religious sightseeing or exploring the city’s culture and history. Here are some of the highlights:

• Visit the Grand Mosque: The Grand Mosque is the holiest site in Islam and a mandatory pilgrimage site for all able-bodied Muslims. It is located in the center of Mecca and is home to the Kaaba, the most sacred object in Islam.

• Explore the Old City: The Old City of Mecca is full of history and culture. wander through the narrow streets and alleyways and soak up the atmosphere. Be sure to visit the King Fahd Gate, one of the city’s most iconic landmarks.

• Visit the Museum of Islamic Art: The Museum of Islamic Art is located in the Old City of Mecca and houses a collection of artifacts from the Islamic world. This is a great place to learn more about the history and culture of Islam.

• Go shopping: Mecca is a shopper’s paradise, with plenty of malls and markets to explore. For a truly unique shopping experience, head to the Gold Souk, where you can find everything from gold jewelry to traditional Arabic sweets.

• Take a day trip: Mecca is located close to many other interesting places in Saudi Arabia. Consider taking a day trip to Jeddah, the Red Sea, or Mada’in Saleh.

Food Guide: What To Eat While in Mecca

I think we can all agree that we would not be able to enjoy our trip to Mecca or any other city without the right food. What to eat in Mecca? There are many great options for food lovers, whether you’re looking for a quick bite or a sit-down meal.

If you’re looking for something quick and easy, consider grabbing a shawarma from one of the many street vendors in the city. Shawarma is a type of kebab that is very popular in the Middle East . It’s made with chicken, lamb, or beef that is cooked on a spit and then shredded and served in a pita bread with salad and sauce.

For a sit-down meal, there are plenty of great restaurants to choose from. If you’re looking for traditional Arabic cuisine, try Al-Baik. This restaurant is known for its delicious chicken dishes, and it has several locations throughout the city.

Tips for Staying Safe and Avoiding Cultural Misunderstandings

As with any travel destination , there are a few things to keep in mind to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip. Here are some tips for staying safe while in Mecca:

• Dress modestly: Remember that you are visiting a holy city, so it is important to dress respectfully. Women should cover their hair and wear loose-fitting clothing that covers their arms and legs. Men should also dress modestly, with long pants and shirts that cover the chest and shoulders.

• Don’t take photos of people without permission: Many people consider it disrespectful to take photos of people without their permission, so be sure to ask before taking any photos.

• Don’t touch or point at the Kaaba: The Kaaba is the most sacred site in Islam, and it is considered disrespectful to touch or point at it. If you want to take a photo of the Kaaba, be sure to do so from a distance.

• Don’t drink alcohol: Alcohol is not allowed in Saudi Arabia, so be sure to abstain while in Mecca.

• Don’t use drugs: Drug use is illegal in Saudi Arabia and can lead to stiff penalties, including jail time.

• Don’t lose your temper: It’s important to remain calm and respectful while you’re enjoying your trip to Mecca, even if you don’t agree with everything you see or hear while in Mecca. Losing your temper could lead to a misunderstanding or even a dangerous situation.

Can Non-Muslims Visit Mecca?

Non-Muslims are not allowed to enter Mecca. The only exceptions are diplomats and other officials who need to enter for business reasons. Even they are required to respect the religious customs of the city. Muslims who are not on a pilgrimage are also not allowed into Mecca. The holy city is reserved for those who are performing the pilgrimage rites.

Anyone caught trying to enter Mecca without permission can be arrested and deported. There have been some recent changes, however. In 2019, Saudi Arabia began issuing visas to non-Muslim tourists from 49 countries. Visitors are still not allowed into the holiest sites, but they can now see some of the other sights in and around Mecca.

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Makkah Visitors Guide

Religious and Historical Sites to Visit

Important Principles
Prayer Salat
Prophets of Islam
Ramadan and Eid Al Fitr
Hajj and Eid Al Adha
M.Ed., Loyola University–Maryland
B.S., Child Development, Oregon State University

Whether you are traveling for a pilgrimage (umrah or hajj), or simply making a stop through, Makkah is a city of significant religious and historical significance to Muslims. Here is a list of must-see sites in and around the city of Makkah. Most of these sites are official stops during pilgrimage, while others may take you off the beaten path.

The Grand Mosque

The first stop for many visitors, the Grand Mosque ( al-Masjid al-Haram ) is located in the heart of downtown Mecca. Prayers are said here around the clock, with space for nearly a million worshippers inside the building itself. During peak visiting periods, worshippers also line up in rows along the courtyards and streets surrounding the mosque. The current structure of the Grand Mosque was built in the 7th century AD, and through various imam's leadership has gone through several renovations and expansions since then.

The Ka'aba

Basil D Soufi via Wikimedia Commons

The Ka'aba (literally "the cube" in Arabic) is an ancient stone structure that was built and re-built by prophets as a house of monotheistic worship. It is located in the interior courtyard of the Grand Mosque. The Ka'aba is considered the center of the Muslim world, and is a unifying focal point for Islamic worship.

The Hills of Safa and Marwa

These hills lie within the structure of the Grand Mosque. Muslim pilgrims visit the hills in remembrance of the plight of Hajar, wife of the Prophet Abraham . Tradition holds that as a test of faith, Abraham was ordered to leave Hajar and their young son in the heat of Mecca with no provisions. Facing thirst, Hajar left the infant in search of water. She reportedly raced to these two hillsides, back and forth, rising up each one to get a better view of the surrounding area. After several trips and on the verge of desperation, Hajar and her son were saved by the miraculous springing of the well of Zamzam.

The hills of Safa and Marwa are approximately 1/2 kilometer apart in distance, connected by a long corridor within the confines of the Grand Mosque.

Plain of Arafat

This hillside ("Mount Arafat") and plain is located just outside Mecca. It is a gathering point on the second day of Hajj pilgrimage rituals, known as the Day of Arafat . It was from this site that the Prophet Muhammad gave his famous Farewell Sermon in the final year of his life.

Zamzam Spring Water Well

Zamzam is the name of a well in Mecca which provides natural spring water to the millions of Muslim pilgrims who visit each year. Traditionally dating back to the time of the Prophet Abraham, the well is located a few meters east of the Ka'aba.

Looking for additional sites to visit? Consider Station of Abraham, Mina, and Muzdalifah.

The Architecture and History of the Kaaba
The Stages of Hajj, the Islamic Pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah)
What Is the Ka'aba in Mecca?
Madinah City Guide
Meaning and Significance of the Day of Arafat
The Specific Dates for the Day of Arafat from 2017 to 2025
Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham)
Top Islamic Art Museum Collections
The Crescent Moon Symbol on National Flags
The Imams of Mecca: Well-Educated, Mild-Mannered, and Very Busy
Islamic Marriage and Involvement of Friends and Family
Converting to Islam
Introduction and Resource Guide to Islam
Seven Modern Muslim Musicians and Recording Artists
These Islamic Charities Are Helping People All Over the World

1.1.1 Early history
1.1.2 Medieval times
1.1.3 20th century
1.1.4 Grand Mosque seizure
1.1.5 Modern history
2.1 Visa requirements
2.2 By plane
2.4 By train
3.1.1 Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro
3.3 By foot
4.1 Main attractions
4.2 Hajj sites
5.1 Factories
5.2 Museums
7.2 Mid-range
7.3 Splurge
10.1 Overcrowding and stampedes
10.2 Extreme weather
10.3 Pickpocketing
10.4 Construction-related accidents
10.5 Female travellers
11 Stay healthy
12.1 Local etiquette
12.2 General etiquette
12.3 Photography

Mecca , officially known as Makkah al-Mukarramah ( Arabic : مكة المكرمة, Makkah al-Mukarramah ), is a city in Saudi Arabia and the holiest city in Islam .

Mecca is the birthplace of Prophet Muhammed , the founder of Islam, and Muslims believe the Qur'an was first revealed to Muhammad here. The Great Mosque of Mecca, known as Masjid al-Haram is considered to be Islam's most sacred mosque and Muslims anywhere face toward it when they pray.

Each year, millions of people from around the world flock to Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage, which is an obligation for all Muslims. This makes Mecca the most visited city in all of Saudi Arabia .

Understand [ edit ]

History [ edit ].

Mecca is generally considered "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam".

Early history [ edit ]

Muslims believe that the history of Mecca goes back to Abraham (Ibrahim) who built the Kaaba with the help of his eldest son Ishmael around 2000 BCE. In 570 CE, Muhammad was born in Mecca. Since those days, Mecca's history and identity has been inextricably linked with Islam.

According to Muslim traditions, in 610, it was in Mecca (inside the Hira cave on the mountain of Jabal al-Nour) where Muhammad the age of 40 received his first revelation from Allah, through the Angel Gabriel. Muhammad then begin preaching. In 622, Muhammad left Mecca for Yathrib (now called Medina ) for fear of being assassinated by the local Quraysh ruling clan, who had declined to accept Muhammad and his beliefs and started persecuting followers of Islam. As Muhammad migrated to Medina and settled there, several armed conflicts followed between followers of Muhammad and local tribes of Mecca, particularly one during which the followers of Muhammad attempted to return to Mecca in 628 for pilgrimage but weren't allowed to enter the city. A peace treaty was eventually signed that allowed followers of Muhammad to return to Mecca. In 629, Muhammad along with thousands of his followers migrated back to Mecca from Medina (where he had lived for 13 years) for a Hajj, known as the first pilgrimage. According to Muslims, the peace treaty was to also include ceasefire for 10 years but after 2 years, the Quraysh violated the truce by slaughtering a group of Muslims. Muhammad and his followers, companions and allies now much stronger in number, so instead of fighting back, they simply marched across the city of Mecca and thereby triggered the surrender of the Quraysh of Mecca. Eventually, Muhammad Islamicized the city and made it the center of Muslim pilgrimage, Hajj, which is one of the five pillars of Islam.

Medieval times [ edit ]

Mecca has been ruled by various dynasties over the last 1500 years. Starting in 1517 CE, with only one short interruption, Mecca and the rest of the Hejaz were under the control of the Ottoman Empire . From the 10th century, the local religious and temporal leaders were the Hashemite Emirs.

20th century [ edit ]

The Hashemites, working with the British intelligence officer Lawrence, led a successful revolt against the Turks during World War I . After the war, (at least as Arabs see it) the British betrayed their allies. Despite wartime promises, there was no independent Arab state in the Levant , only British and French protectorates.

In 1924, Mecca was conquered by the ibn Saud family following a short battle. This was part of the process of founding modern-day Saudi Arabia.

Meanwhile, the British helped put Hashemites on the thrones of Transjordan and Iraq .

Grand Mosque seizure [ edit ]

On 20 November 1979, armed extremists attacked and seized the Grand Mosque, calling for the overthrow of the Saudi royal family. The siege lasted two weeks, until the armed forces of Pakistan and France intervened to assist the Saudi authorities.

The seizure of the Grand Mosque had a profound impact on the Muslim world and changed the course of Saudi Arabia's societal and political direction; after the extremists were captured and executed by the Saudi government, Saudi Arabia adopted a more conservative stance, giving more power to the religious authorities and enforcing Islamic law more strictly. The role of women in Saudi society was completely reduced (female TV presenters were a common sight prior to the seige) and travel to Saudi Arabia became more restricted and regulated.

Modern history [ edit ]

Like any other city around the world, Mecca has its fair share of issues and problems. The Saudi government is routinely criticised for downplaying the severity of incidents during the Hajj, poorly managing the city, and demolishing Islamic heritage sites in the city. It has been estimated that 95% of Mecca's historic buildings, most of which were more than a thousand years old, have been demolished by the Saudi government. Many people from around the world have expressed anger and frustration at this, seeing this as cultural vandalism and an attempt to erase and eradicate Islam's origins and identity.

The Saudi government claims they're trying to accomodate Hajj pilgrims and make them feel comfortable, but some do not agree with that, claiming that the Saudi government is more interested in making Mecca a tourist destination. The Saudi government routinely rejects criticism of how they're managing the city, hitting back at critics by telling them that they are "playing politics" or "interfering" in state affairs.

One notable critic of the Saudi government's management of the city is the Turkish government. A number of Ottoman Empire structures in the city have been demolished, which the Turkish government sees as an attempt to diminish their historical legacy in the city. In 2002, the Ajyad Fortress , an Ottoman citadel that stood on a hill overlooking the Grand Mosque of Mecca, was demolished by the Saudi government to make way for the Abraj Al Bait, a $15 billion project designed to accommodate the vast and growing number of Hajj pilgrims. The Turkish government, as well as others in the international community, unsuccessfully tried to prevent the Saudi government from demolishing the fort.

Recent events, such as the 2015 Mina stampede, have drawn strong responses from governments in Muslim-majority countries. Iran, a country that has long been at odds with the Saudi government, has banned its citizens from going to Mecca for the Hajj a few times (only to reverse the bans later on) after several Iranian pilgrims were killed in separate incidents.

Get in [ edit ]

Visa requirements [ edit ]

For more information on Saudi immigration regulations, please refer to the "Get in" section of the Saudi Arabia article.

If you plan on visiting during the Hajj , you must apply for a Hajj visa.

By plane [ edit ]

Since Mecca is deemed as a sacred and holy land, Mecca is a no-fly zone . There are no airports in the city, and commercial planes are strictly forbidden from flying over the city.

By car [ edit ]

Once you've landed in either Jeddah or Taif , the next step is to drive to the city. Mecca is served by two major highways: Highway 40 and Highway 15 .

If you are driving from Jeddah, go along Highway 40 . Highway 40 is a well-maintained, modern, multi-lane highway and the journey will take you at least 60 minutes depending on traffic conditions. Expect this highway to be completely jammed and packed during the Hajj or the Umrah , however.
Another easier way to enter Mecca is through Taif . Just drive along Highway 15 and you will reach Mecca in 60 minutes. Since most Hajj pilgrims fly into Jeddah , expect this highway to be completely free of traffic. If you desire to enter Mecca quickly, it is recommended that you take this route.

If you don't have your own car, you can consider doing the following:

Hail a taxi at the Jeddah airport to take you to Mecca. You can share the costs with other pilgrims if you choose to do so. Prices might be higher during the Hajj season, so stay alert.
Hail an Uber to take you to Mecca. Uber works in all major cities in Saudi Arabia.

By train [ edit ]

The quickest way to enter the city is by train. A train ride to Mecca from Jeddah will take you at least 30 or so minutes. The Haramain high-speed railway links Mecca and Medina via Jeddah, and you can directly go to the city from the train station at King Abdulaziz International Airport .

21.4176 39.7893 3 Mecca railway station . ( updated Oct 2022 )

By bus [ edit ]

The Saudi Arabian Public Transport Company (SAPTCO) offers bus services to and from the city. A bus ride from Jeddah to Meccah would normally take you 1¼ hours depending on traffic conditions.

SAPTCO also offers a VIP service to Mecca. VIP buses are a lot more comfortable, have free Wi-Fi, and are more spacious. If you're not a citizen of a GCC country, make sure you have a valid passport and the right visa before boarding a VIP bus.

There are many ways in which you can book a bus ride to Mecca. You can do it at a SAPTCO branch, on the SAPTCO app ( iOS , Android ), or on the website. The SAPTCO app is only in Arabic .

21.497723 39.794102 4 SAPTCO Station ( ابتكو محطة حافلات الطائف ), Tan'eem neighborhood - Madina road - near Makkah Medical Center Hospital , ☏ +966-12 5204949 , [email protected] . SAPTCO station in Mecca. You can use it to go to your next destination in Saudi Arabia . ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.430444 39.817449 5 SAPTCO Al-Haram Station , ☏ +966-515234427 , [email protected] . SAPTCO VIP Bus Station. ( updated Jan 2022 )

Get around [ edit ]

Mecca's transportation network is well developed, however, expect getting around to be a literal hassle during the Hajj; millions of pilgrims are in every nook and corner of the city, and it can take ages to get to one place from another.

By metro [ edit ]

The Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro line ( Arabic : قطار المشاعر المقدسة الخط الجنوبي) is the only operating metro line in the city. The metro was built in the year 2010 by a Chinese railway construction firm (China Railway Construction Corporation Limited). It is believed to have the highest capacity of any existing metro in the world, which, truthfully, should come as no surprise to you, considering how millions of pilgrims flock every year to Mecca for the Hajj.

There are plans to fully add another metro network in the near future and this new network, known as Makkah Mass Rail Transit , will consist of four lines: line A, line B, line C, and line D . A total of 88 stations are expected to be served by this intended expansion. Although this sounds impressive, construction contracts have still not yet been awarded as of yet. Once construction contracts get awarded and the project gets finished, you can expect to get around Mecca with ease and convenience. But that's ages from now.

Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro [ edit ]

The Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro line has nine stations and is used as an exclusive shuttle train for pilgrims between holy sites in Mecca, Mount Arafat, Muzdalifah, and Mina. As is the case with all transport modes during the Hajj, the metro can be densely crowded and packed, so plan and prepare accordingly.

21.418818 39.870853 6 Jamarat (Mina 3) ( قطار المشاعر - محطة منى 3 - الجمرات ), King Abdul Aziz Rd, Al Mashair . The very first station of the Metro. It is approximately 5km away from Masjid Al-Haram. You can reach Masjid Al-Haram in less than five minutes (if going by car) or two hours (if going by foot). ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.406404 39.89089 7 Mina 2 ( محطة منى 2 ). ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.401115 39.898095 8 Mina 1 ( محطة منى 1 ). ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.391611 39.900632 9 Muzdalifah 3 ( قطار المشاعر - محطة مزدلفة 3 ). ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.383721 39.907089 10 Muzdalifah 2 ( قطار المشاعر - محطة مزدلفة 2 ). ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.379205 39.918193 11 Muzdalifah 1 ( قطار المشاعر - محطة مزدلفة 1 ). ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.346792 39.961351 12 Arafat 3 ( قطار المشاعر - محطة عرفات 3 ). ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.340996 39.969459 13 Arafat 2 ( قطار المشاعر - محطة عرفات 2 ). ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.335853 39.975191 14 Arafat 1 ( قطار المشاعر - محطة عرفات 1 ). ( updated Jan 2022 )

Being served by two major highways, you can very easily cover the entire city by car. Mecca's road transportation network is well-maintained, organised, and well developed. Roads typically tend to be free of any traffic after the Hajj.

Uber works in Mecca. If you don't feel comfortable driving on Saudi roads, or if you don't have your own car, you can hail an Uber.

By foot [ edit ]

During the Hajj, expect to do lots and lots of walking. A lot of attractions in the city center are within walking distance.

See [ edit ]

As the holiest city in Islam, there are numerous attractions.

Main attractions [ edit ]

21.43374 39.75438 8 Al-Haramain Museum ( متحف الحرم شریف ). This museum has a lot of historical artifacts from different eras.

Hajj sites [ edit ]

Do [ edit ].

There's a lot you can do in Mecca if you plan on sticking around for long.

Factories [ edit ]

21.435346 39.756497 1 The Kiswa Factory of the Holy Ka'aba . The only place in Saudi Arabia where Kiswa is traditionally made to mark the beginning of Hajj. ( updated Jan 2022 )

Museums [ edit ]

Parks [ edit ].

21.384002 39.876342 5 Hussainiya Park . ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.381195 39.877341 6 King Abdullah Garden , Al Mashair . ( updated Jan 2022 )

Buy [ edit ]

While in Mecca, many pilgrims purchase trinkets to remember their time and souvenirs to bring back to family and friends. Zamzam water is available free. It is consumed in Mecca and brought home as a souvenir.

Other items to buy in and around Mecca are: prayer mats and hats, prayer beads and perfume.

Eat [ edit ]

Being one of the most visited cities in the world, you can sample food from all over the world!

Budget [ edit ]

There is an Al-Baik Restaurant adjacent to the Sacred Mosque. You can also try the fullset-chicken with cheap price, even cheaper than KFC.

21.419618 39.822361 1 Five Guys , Conrad Hotel, Ibrahim Al Khalil Rd, Ash Shubaikah . A branch of the Five Guys fast food chain. ( updated Jan 2022 )

Mid-range [ edit ]

21.419516 39.826416 2 Faisalabad Restaurant , ☏ +966 55 202 7444 , [email protected] . Pakistani restaurant. ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.359783 39.792998 3 Relish Joy of Taste , ☏ +966 53 020 9000 . Lebanese restaurant. ( updated Jan 2022 )

Splurge [ edit ]

21.420606 39.825879 4 Al Qasr ( 10-15 minutes from Makkah Haramain train station. ), ☏ +966 12571 7888 , [email protected] . Features a wide variety cuisines: Arab, Indian, Moroccan, and Western. ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.4206 39.822057 5 The Oasis , The Oasis, Jabal Omar, Ibrahim Al Khalil Street ( Near Masjid Al-Haram ), ☏ +966 12 557 1234 . Serves a wide range of cuisines. SAR 250 (average price for two people) . ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.421784 39.822533 6 Al-Rehab Restaurant . 1pm - 11 pm . An Islamic-themed restaurant that offers a great view of Masjid Al-Haram. ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.421744 39.822833 7 Al-Tayebat Restaurant . 6am - 10am . A restaurant at the Intercontinental Dar Al Tawhid. Offers a great view of Masjid Al-Haram. ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.352921 39.895264 8 Gurkan Şef Steakhouse , ☏ +966 55 928 8684 . One of the four branches of a Turkish steakhouse chain. ( updated Jan 2022 )

Drink [ edit ]

During the Hajj, you can try some Zamzam water , which is believed to be divinely blessed. As this is Saudi Arabia, the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages is virtually non-existent.

21.421944 39.822447 1 Zamzam Cafe . 9AM–1AM . A cafe at the Intercontinental Dar Al Tawhid. You can enjoy cold drinks, tea, coffee accompanied by lovely snacks on the side. ( updated Jan 2022 )

Sleep [ edit ]

Mecca has a plethora of hotels. Prices vary depending on the hotel's proximity to the Holy Mosque. Some of the world's greatest hotels are situated in Mecca, and are full year-round. Make sure to book early, as soon as you know your dates of travel.

21.421784 39.822533 2 Intercontinental Dar al Tawhid Makkah ( The Inter-Continental ), Ibrahim Al Khalis St ( Just Outside of Mecca ), ☏ +966-2-541-1111 .
21.42328 39.819759 4 Hilton Makkah Convention Hotel , ☏ +966 12 526 0000 . Offers majestic views and is close to Masjid Al-Haram. ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.402013 39.878921 5 Park Inn by Radisson Makkah Aziziyah , 2516 Al Masjid Al Haram Road AlMursalat District , ☏ +966 1255 99100 . ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.419163 39.823975 6 Swissôtel Al Maqam , King Abdul Aziz Endowment , ☏ +966 (12) 577 5888 , [email protected] . ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.381127 39.874021 7 Four Points by Sheraton Makkah Al Naseem , Third Ring Road, Al Naseem District at Al Rajhi Mosque , ☏ +966 12 550 8999 . ( updated Jan 2022 )
21.420067 39.824648 8 Pullman Zamzam Makkah , Abraj Al Bait Complex, King Abdel Aziz Endowment , ☏ +966 15715555 , [email protected] . Located in the Abraj Al Bait complex, adjoining Masjid Al-Haram. ( updated Jan 2022 )

Stay safe [ edit ]

Mecca in general is a safe city, but one should take extra precautions during the annual Hajj pilgrimage.

The various safety tips found in the Saudi Arabia article will come in handy. Refer it to often to stay out of trouble.

Overcrowding and stampedes [ edit ]

Overcrowding and stampedes are not unusual in Mecca . Since the development of air travel, pilgrims have been able to access the city much easily than before (earlier people used to travel to Mecca by boat or by other means), and as a result, the city's capacity can be completely overwhelmed.

If you're travelling with family members or with a friend, stick together . Supervise your children (if you have any) closely to make sure they are close to you and are not lost among the crowd.

In September 2015, approximately 2,236 pilgrims were trampled upon and killed in Mina, an incident regarded as the worst ever stampede in the city. The stampede drew extremely strong responses from Muslim-majority countries, with some blaming the Saudi government for being negligent and downplaying the severity of the incident, and the Iranian government (Iran had the highest casualty toll in the stampede) was angered to such a great extent that they went as far as banning their citizens from performing the Hajj in 2016.

Extreme weather [ edit ]

Mecca has a hot desert climate and temperatures regularly reach as high as 50°C (120°F) during the summers.

As is the case throughout the Middle East , always check weather conditions and hydrate often; you can very easily get exhausted, lethargic, and dehydrated if you do not take the necessary precautions.

Pickpocketing [ edit ]

There are many dishonest people and groups that often try to take advantage of the Hajj pilgrimage and/or the Umrah to deprive people of their personal property. You should not assume that Mecca only attracts the honest.

When traversing through the crowds, keep your valuables safe. Err on the side of safety and don't take any unnecessary risks. If you have been the victim of theft, call the police. Saudi authorities treat theft very seriously, largely because of a zero-tolerance justice system.

Construction-related accidents [ edit ]

The Saudi authorities invest heavily into construction projects designed to cater to Hajj pilgrims, and this has, on occasion, caused a few construction-related accidents.

In 2015, a crawler crane in the Grand Mosque collapsed, killing 111 pilgrims and injuring dozens of others. In the event something is being renovated or constructed, do not walk close to any construction site. Give all renovation sites a wide berth.

Female travellers [ edit ]

Since 2018, female pilgrims have spoken up about sexual abuse and harassment experienced on the Hajj. Although it is unlikely you'll experience severe harassment, don't be afraid to create a scene and don't feel the need to be polite in the event someone harasses you; no woman would be expected to put up with rotten behaviour like that.

The Hajj is time-consuming and can take a huge toll on your physical health. Many pregnant pilgrims suffer miscarriages during the Hajj. If you are expecting soon or if you are recuperating from an illness, it is strongly recommended that you postpone your trip.

Stay healthy [ edit ]

There are several hospitals in Mecca.

21.436028 39.853968 1 King Faisal Hospital , ☏ +966 12 526 3200 .

Respect [ edit ]

As the holiest city in Islam , appropriate religious prohibitions and attitudes should be in order. When you're here for either the Hajj or the Umrah, remember to eschew from the following: smoking, engaging in sexual relations, using foul language, shaving your hair and cutting your nails .

Local etiquette [ edit ]

The various respect tips found in the Saudi Arabia article are of immense help. Familiarise yourself with Saudi etiquette before entering Mecca.

Refrain from pontificating about the Saudi government's construction campaign in the city; the issue is very sensitive among some.

General etiquette [ edit ]

You are bound to meet people from all over the world. Be open to new experiences, and don't feel afraid of communicating with anyone. Approach people with a positive attitude and you are apt to make friends; a gruff, impatient attitude may generate resentment.

Photography [ edit ]

It's actually forbidden to take photographs inside the Masjid Al-Haram , but the rules are not rigorously enforced. In fact, it is quite common to see people clicking away happily with their smart phones inside the mosque. You would, however, arouse suspicion from the staff if you come in with a fancy camera.

There's some disagreement on whether or not people should take photographs inside the Masjid Al-Haram. Although some don't see it as a big deal and will happily share their photographs with others, many others consider it incredibly disrespectful .

If you feel the need to take a photo, don't engage in "touristy" behaviour (i.e. acting like you're seeing a place for the first time in forever) and don't conduct yourself in a way that would be perceived as disruptive or annoying. Always be considerate to the people around you; chances are, other people take things more seriously than you do!

Connect [ edit ]

The four mobile operators in Saudi Arabia, incumbent Al Jawal , Emirati rival Mobily , Kuwaiti Zain (Vodafone Network) and STC newcomer Jawwy [dead link] are fiercely competitive, with good coverage (in populated areas) and good prices.

You should be able to get a prepaid SMS at major airports, or at local shops nearby.

Go next [ edit ]

If you plan on spending some time in the Mecca Province, consider visiting the following cities:

Medina — Islam's second holiest city. Unlike Mecca, Medina is open to non-Muslims.
Taif — the unofficial summer capital of Saudi Arabia. Non-Muslims are allowed to enter.
Jeddah — the second largest city in Saudi Arabia, known for the traditional coral houses in its old town.

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What is hajj? A guide to the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca

This year's hajj is expected to return to pre-pandemic levels, by jessie nguyen • published june 21, 2023 • updated on june 26, 2023 at 11:26 am.

Millions of Muslims from all over the world have converged on Mecca in Saudi Arabia to partake in Islam's annual hajj pilgrimage, one of the largest religious gatherings in the world.

This year's hajj is expected to return to pre-pandemic levels. In 2019, nearly 2.5 million Muslims, including around 20,000 U.S. citizens, partook in the five-day pilgrimage, The Associated Press reported. In 2020 and 2021, Saudi Arabia curtailed the number of participants amid lockdowns. Last year, over 1 million faithfuls gathered at Mecca, according to the AP.

Earlier this year, Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Hajj and Umrah launched Nusuk Hajj , a registration and booking platform to ensure a smooth journey for Western pilgrims from European countries, South and North America and Australia.

The U.S. Department of State urges travelers to review the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's guide for the pilgrimage. Here is a look at this year's hajj and more about this sacred commencement.

We're making it easier for you to find stories that matter with our new newsletter — The 4Front. Sign up here and get news that is important for you to your inbox.

What is hajj?

Hajj is an annual religious pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca and is required of every physically and financially capable Muslim at least once in their lifetime. The journey takes faithfuls along a path traversed by the Prophet Muhammad some 1,400 years ago and retrace the journey of Ibrahim and Ismail, or Abraham and Ishmael as they are known in the Christian and Jewish traditions.

During the five-day celebration, pilgrims will perform a series of rites and rituals, known as the five pillars of Islam, that present them with physical, spiritual and emotional challenges intended to bring them closer to God. This includes praying around the cube-shaped Kaaba, the holiest shrine in Islam. Crowds move counter-clockwise seven times around the granite building, their hearts tilting toward the structure meant to symbolize the oneness of God in Islam.

Then they walk between two hills, reenacting Hagar's search for water for her son, Ismail. The next day, pilgrims head to Mount Arafat, where the Prophet Muhammad delivered his final sermon. There, they pray for God to forgive them of their sins.

Before carrying out the rites of hajj, Muslims must enter the sacred state of "Ihram". For men, this means dressing in white seamless draping garments, while women wear long, loose-fitting clothing and headscarves, or hijab. Women also forgo makeup, nail polish and perfume to draw closer to God.

At the end of the pilgrimage, men are expected to shave their heads, and women to snip a lock of hair in a sign of spiritual rebirth and renewal.

Some Muslims spend their lives saving up for the trip or wait years to get a permit, which Saudi authorities distribute to countries based on a quota system.

The hajj has been held every year since the time of the prophet Mohammad, including through wars and plagues. However, during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, Saudi Arabia limited the number of people at the site to a few thousand local citizens.

What is Eid al-Adha and when does it start?

Eid al-Adha commemorates the Quranic tale of Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice Ismail as an act of obedience to God. Before he could carry out the sacrifice, God provided a ram as an offering. In the Christian and Jewish telling, Abraham is ordered to kill another son, Isaac.

Eid al-Adha, or the Feast of Sacrifice, coincides with the final rites of the annual hajj. It is typically marked by communal prayers, large social gatherings, slaughtering of livestock and distributing the meat among family, friends and the poor.

Muslim pilgrims will also take part in the symbolic "stoning of the devil" by throwing pebbles at three pillars that mark the places where the devil tried to interrupt Ibrahim’s sacrifice in Mina, a city east of Mecca. The act recalls Ibrahim’s victory over temptation. They will stay in Mina for several nights before the pilgrimage ends with a final circling of the Kaaba.

This year's Eid al-Adha begins at sunset on Tuesday, June 27 and lasts for three days.

When is hajj 2023?

Each year, the hajj takes place during the eighth and 13th days of the month of Dhul Hijjah, the 12th month in the Islamic lunar calendar.

This year's hajj begins on Monday, June 26 and ends on Saturday, July 1.

What to wear and bring to hajj 2023

Items like wide-brimmed hats, cross-body bags, portable chairs and slip-on shoes are essential for making the most of the experience.

The average temperatures in Saudi Arabia this time of year can soar to 104 degrees Fahrenheit during the day. That means wide-brimmed straw hats are a must, though some faithfuls can be seen balancing their prayer mats on their heads or the canopies from umbrellas.

As for footwear, pilgrims are encouraged to wear something that’s comfortable for the long walks but that also slips on and off easily, as they'll be required to remove their shoes before entering Mecca’s Grand Mosque.

Other essentials include food, water and sunscreen. Some faithfuls will carry portable stools to sit on, power-packs to charge phones and camping essentials such as lightweight tents, sleeping mats and collapsible water pouches.

What is Ramadan?

How Your Workplace Can Be More Inclusive to All Faiths

Can non-muslims go to mecca.

Non-Muslims cannot enter or pass through Mecca and portions of Medina, a city in western Saudi Arabia, which are considered sacred.

For additional travel information for hajj, visit the State Department's Bureau of Consular Affairs site here.

This article tagged under:

Mecca is only accessible by Muslims, who often describe the moment they first lay eyes on the city's sacred Kaaba as an overwhelmingly emotional experience. For those living outside the Kingdom, a visit to Mecca – generally spelt 'Makkah' by Muslims and in Saudi Arabia – is a lifelong dream. Coming here to perform the hajj pilgrimage is a religious obligation for all Muslims who are financially and physically able to do so.

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Attractions

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Al Masjid Al Haram

The focal point for every Muslim and the biggest mosque in the world, Al Masjid Al Haram is able to host a million worshippers and covers an area of 356…

Exhibition of the Two Holy Mosques

This little museum is brimming with relics from the two holy mosques, Al Masjid Al Haram in Mecca and the Prophet's Mosque in Medina. These include…

Cave of Thor

This small mountain (761m) is where the Prophet hid for three days with his companion Abu Bakr from the Quraysh tribe. According to Islamic custom, an…

Jabal Al Nour

The 640m-tall Jabal Al Nour is the location of the tiny Hira cave and one of the most important Islamic pilgrimage sites. According to Islamic tradition,…

Jabal Rahmah

Also known as the Mountain of Mercy, this granite hill is an important part of performing the hajj as pilgrims leave Mina for Arafat on the ninth day to…

Makkah Museum

Formerly Al Zahir Palace, the 3435-sq-metre Makkah Museum has a collection ranging from images of Saudi Arabia’s important archaeological discoveries to…

Jannat Al Muallaa Cemetery

Many of the Prophet’s family are buried here, including his first wife, Khadija, his sons Qasim and Abdullah, his uncle, Abu Talib, and his grandfather,…

Masjid Al Bay'ah

These remnants of Masjid Al Bay'ah mark the spot where tribal leaders pledged their allegiance to Muhammad in AD 621. Simple in design, an arched entrance…

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Saudi Arabia lifts a ban on foreign pilgrims heading to Mecca.

Starting this week, pilgrims fully vaccinated against the coronavirus by certain vaccines from outside the kingdom can apply to join the umrah pilgrimage.

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By Asmaa al-Omar

Aug. 10, 2021

BEIRUT, Lebanon — Saudi Arabia has resumed allowing travelers from abroad to make a pilgrimage to Mecca, the kingdom announced this week, a new easing of the restrictions imposed last year to prevent the spread of Covid-19 at the Islamic holy sites.

Aspiring pilgrims from many countries can now apply to perform the lesser pilgrimage to Mecca, known as umrah, as long as they can provide proof that they have received a coronavirus vaccine approved by the Saudi authorities, the state-run Saudi Press Agency reported on Sunday. The new policy took effect on Monday.

The kingdom has approved the vaccines made by Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca. Foreigners who have received two doses of either the Sinopharm or Sinovac vaccines can enter only if they have also received a third shot of one of the four approved vaccines.

As the pandemic spread last year, Saudi Arabia barred travelers from abroad from the main pilgrimage, the hajj, which attracts millions of pilgrims in normal years, spreading disappointment across the Muslim world . Devout Muslims who are physically and financially able are required to perform the hajj, one of the five pillars of Islam, at least once during their lives.

Last year, only a few hundred pilgrims who were already in the kingdom were allowed to go.

Foreign travelers were also barred from this year’s hajj, which was in July.

Umrah can be performed at any time of the year. Allowing vaccinated foreign travelers to apply for it represents a step toward restoring the prepandemic status quo at the holy sites.

The number of permitted foreign visitors will initially be limited and will increase over time, with the goal of eventually allowing two million pilgrims a month.

Other restrictions, including limiting the number of worshipers in mosques and on buses, will also be enforced to decrease the chances of infection. As of Monday, Saudi Arabia had averaged 732 new cases a day over the last week , a 40 percent decline from two weeks ago, according to the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University.

Saudi Arabia still bans direct travel from a number of countries that it has deemed viral threats. Pilgrims from other countries must observe a mandatory seven-day quarantine on arrival. About 29 percent of Saudi residents are fully vaccinated , according to the Our World in Data project at the University of Oxford.

Besides having deep religious significance, the pilgrimage is big business and the ban on foreign worshipers hurt companies across the Islamic world that cater to pilgrims.

Before the pandemic, Jamal Ali, who works at a Beirut travel agency that specializes in religious tourism, sold a range of packages including plane tickets and hotel stays. The ban on foreign pilgrims cut his income by about 90 percent, he said.

He hoped that the resumption of foreign trips to Mecca would be a step back toward normalcy.

“We understand that Saudi Arabia is trying to achieve general immunity,” he said. “We are waiting for relief from God, and for this pandemic to end.”

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Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca

Last updated 2009-09-08

Hajj is pilgrimage to Mecca. All Muslims who are physically able must make this journey once in a lifetime.

History of the Hajj

Four thousand years ago the valley of Mecca was a dry and uninhabited place.

Muslims believe the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) was instructed to bring his wife, Hajira (Hagar) and their child Is'mail to Arabia from Palestine to protect them from the jealousy of Ibrahim's first wife Sarah.

Allah told the Prophet Ibrahim to leave them on their own, and he did so, with some supplies of food and water. However the supplies quickly ran out and within a few days Hajira and Is'mail were suffering from hunger and dehydration.

In her desperation Hajira ran up and down two hills called Safa and Marwa trying to see if she could spot any help in the distance. Finally she collapsed beside Is'mail and prayed to Allah for deliverance.

Is'mail struck his foot on the ground and this caused a spring of water to gush forth from the earth. Hajira and Is'mail were saved. Now they had a secure water supply they were able to trade water with passing nomads for food and supplies.

After a while the Prophet Ibrahim returned from Palestine to check on his family and was amazed to see them running a profitable well.

The Prophet Ibrahim was told by Allah to build a shrine dedicated to him. Ibrahim and Is'mail constructed a small stone structure - the Kaaba or Cube - which was to be the gathering place for all who wished to strengthen their faith in Allah.

As the years passed Is'mail was blessed with Prophethood and he gave the nomads of the desert the message of surrender to Allah.

After many centuries, Mecca became a thriving city thanks to its reliable water source, the well of Zam Zam.

Gradually, the people began to adopt polytheistic ideas, and worship spirits and many different gods. The shrine of the Prophet Ibrahim was used to store idols.

After many years, Allah told the Prophet Muhammed that he should restore the Kaaba to the worship of Allah only.

In the year 628 the Prophet Muhammed set out on a journey with 1400 of his followers. This was the first pilgrimage in Islam, and would re-establish the religious traditions of the Prophet Ibrahim.

Pilgrim with a handcart to carry his belongings

It's best to travel light, so only take essentials.

Many pilgrims fly to Jeddah, and then travel to Mecca by bus.

Once you get to Mecca, there are two rituals which you can perform; the lesser pilgrimage or Umra, and the main pilgrimage or Hajj.

The Umra is an extra, optional pilgrimage and does not count as the once-in-a-lifetime Hajj. Although it includes some of the rituals of the Hajj, they are shortened and there are fewer of them.

Most pilgrims who come for the Hajj arrive a few days before it actually starts and perform Umra first. Combining the Hajj with the Umrah is called a Hajji-Tamattu .

To carry out the pilgrimage rituals you need to be in a state of Ihram , which is a special state of ritual purity.

You do this by making a statement of intention , wearing special white clothes (which are also called ihram ) and obeying the regulations below.

The person on the Hajj may not:

Engage in marital relations
Shave or cut their nails
Use cologne or scented oils
Kill or hunt anything
Fight or argue.
Women must not cover their faces, even if they would do so in their home country.
Men may not wear clothes with stitching.
Bathing is allowed but scented soaps are frowned upon.

The Hajj is a real pilgrimage - a journey, with rites and rituals to be done along the way.

You begin at a place just outside Mecca called the Miqat, or entry station to the Hajj.

There you bathe, put on the Ihram (the special white clothes), make the intention for Umra and begin reciting the Talbiya Du'a (prayer).

Here I am at Your service, O Allah, here I am at your service! You have no partner. Here I am at your service. All praise and blessings belong to you. All dominion is yours and You have no partner. Talbiya Du'a

Then you go to the Masjid al Haram and walk around the Ka'ba seven times repeating du'as and prayers. This is called the Tawaf. Afterwards you should sip some Zam Zam water.

Zam Zam water is water from the Zam Zam well, the sacred well which opened in the desert to save Hajira and Is'mail from dying of thirst.

Next you go to the walkway between the hills of Safa and Marwa and walk back and forth between them seven times.

This completes the Umra portion of the Hajj rituals and some of the Ihram restrictions are relaxed.

Now make your intention for the Hajj and put on the Ihram garments again.

Travel to Mina on the 8th of Dhul Hijjah (a date in the Islamic calendar) and remain there until Fajr (dawn) next morning.

Then you travel to the valley of Arafat and stand in the open praising Allah. The heat of Arabia at midday provides a hint as to what the Day of Judgement will be like.

At the end of the day, travel to Muzdalifa for the night. Gather together 49 or 70 small stones together to use the next day.

Brick Jamraat pillar standing out in the open

In the morning you return to Mina and throw the stones at pillars called Jamraat. These represent the devil. Then a sacrifice called a Qurbani should be made in which a lamb or sheep is slaughtered and the meat distributed among the poor. After this, men's heads are shaved and women cut a lock of their hair.

Then return to Mecca and make a Tawaf (this is the ritual of walking around the Ka'aba seven times). Then it's back to Mina for 3 or 4 days, stoning the pillars each day.

Finally do a farewell Tawaf in Masjid-al Haram on the twelfth day of the month of Dhul Hijjah, ask Allah's forgiveness, make du'a and the Hajj is finished.

Many people then go to the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, but this is optional.

A man who has completed the Hajj is called a Hajji, a woman who has completed it is called a Hajjah.

At the end of the Hajj, Muslims from all over the world celebrate the holiday known as the Eid ul Adha or Festival of the sacrifice.

This festival commemorates the obedience of the Prophet Ibrahim when he was ordered to sacrifice his son Is'mail.

Ibrahim proved his love and devotion to Allah by showing his willingness to kill his beloved son if Allah wished it. In the end Ibrahim did not have to kill his son as Allah gave him a ram to sacrifice instead.

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Hajj, the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, explained for non-Muslims

It’s like Burning Man, but for Muslims. Okay, it’s nothing like Burning Man.

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Muslim pilgrims on hajj perform the final walk (Tawaf al-Wadaa) around the Kaaba at the Grand Mosque in the Saudi holy city of Mecca on November 30, 2009.

At this moment in mid-August, 1.5 million people from dozens of countries around the world are in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to perform the hajj, the Islamic religious pilgrimage.

It’s a huge event — in terms of both its significance in Islam and the massive logistical challenge of having that many people from all walks of life and every corner of the globe descend on one relatively small place all at once.

But what actually goes on at the hajj? What is its religious and political significance? How do they handle all those people? And what is inside that big black box?

We've got you covered: Here are the most basic answers to the most basic questions about the hajj.

What is the hajj?

The hajj — Arabic for “pilgrimage” — is a five-day religious pilgrimage to Mecca and nearby holy sites in Saudi Arabia that all Muslims who are physically and financially able must perform at least once in their lives. It is one of the five pillars, or duties, of Islam, along with the profession of faith in the one God and Mohammed as his prophet, prayer, charitable giving, and fasting during the holy month of Ramadan .

The hajj takes place only once a year, in the 12th and final month of the Islamic lunar calendar; pilgrimages to Mecca made at other times in the year are encouraged but do not count as the hajj. Because the Islamic lunar calendar is about 11 days shorter than the 365 days of the standard Gregorian calendar, the timing of the hajj moves backward each year.

Over the five days of the hajj, pilgrims perform a series of rituals meant to symbolize their unity with other believers and to pay tribute to God. On the last three days of the hajj, pilgrims — as well as all other Muslims around the world — celebrate Eid al-Adha, or the Festival of Sacrifice. This is one of the two major religious holidays Muslims celebrate every year. (The other is Eid al-Fitr, which comes at the end of Ramadan.)

At the end of the hajj, pilgrims return home and are often given the honorific “hajji,” meaning one who has performed the hajj. (One interesting note here: During the Iraq War, US troops frequently used the term “hajji” as a derogatory term for any Iraqi, Arab, or other person of Middle Eastern or South Asian descent. So although they certainly didn’t mean it this way, and it almost certainly wasn’t taken this way by the person on the receiving end of the slur, US troops were inadvertently applying a term of respect and honor to these individuals.)

What is the religious significance of the hajj?

People may be surprised to learn that the hajj has very little to do with the Prophet Mohammed. Rather, it mostly commemorates events in the life of the Prophet Ibrahim — that is, Abraham. Yes, that Abraham.

If you’re from a non-Abrahamic faith tradition or if it’s just been a while since Sunday school, Abraham is a venerated patriarchal figure in Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and the Baha’i faith. He is perhaps best known for being willing to personally kill his beloved son when God commanded him to do so. At the last minute, so the story goes, God stepped in and told Abraham to sacrifice an animal instead, rewarding Abraham’s unwavering faith.

In the Judeo-Christian narrative, the son Abraham almost sacrifices is Isaac. In Islam, however, it’s Abraham’s other son, Ismail (Ishmael), who is almost sacrificed. Muslims consider both Abraham and Ismail to be prophets of God, and Mohammed’s ancestry is said to be traced back to Ismail.

There is another event involving Ismail and his mother, Hagar, that looms large in the hajj. The story goes like this: God commanded Abraham, as a test of faith, to take Hagar and the infant Ismail out to a barren desert area located between the two hills of Safa and Marwah in Mecca, and leave them there alone with only basic provisions. Eventually the water ran out, and the increasingly frantic Hagar ran back and forth from hill to hill seven times searching for water for her parched child.

Then a miracle occurred: A well, later called the Zamzam well, sprang from the ground, saving both of them. The story of how the well was discovered differs: Some accounts say it was the baby Ismail’s distressed kicking of his feet that scratched away the dirt and revealed the water source. Other accounts hold that the angel Gabriel (Jibril in Arabic) tipped his wing into the dirt to reveal the well.

Abraham and Ismail later went on to build the Kaaba, the black cuboid structure in Mecca that Muslims face when they pray, together, as a place of worship of the one God. (Abraham eventually came back and retrieved his family from the desert, evidently.)

Soon after they built the Kaaba, tradition holds, God commanded Abraham to proclaim a pilgrimage to the site — in other words, the hajj — to all mankind (well, all monotheists) so that they can come together in one place to show their devotion to God.

Okay, seriously, what’s the deal with the big black cube?

Muslims around the world face the direction of the Kaaba — Arabic for “cube” — when they pray, but they don’t worship the Kaaba (or the Black Stone). Rather, it is a place of worship of the one God. It is also a focusing mechanism, a central point on the globe toward which all Muslims, in a symbol of unity, direct their thoughts and prayers to God.

According to Islamic tradition, the site of the Kaaba was originally a sacred place where angels would worship God in the days before man was created. Later, Adam (yes, that Adam, partner to Eve) built a shrine to God on that spot, but it too was destroyed by the ravages of time. When Abraham came along, he and his son Ismail rebuilt the Kaaba on the foundations of Adam’s earlier shrine as a place of worship of the one God.

The structure consists of four walls and a roof, all made from stone from the hills surrounding Mecca. The four corners roughly face the four points of the compass. The building is often referred to as a “cube” (that’s where “Kaaba” comes from, after all), but this is not technically correct. To be a true geometric cube , all its edges must have the same length, and every corner in the cube must have an angle of 90 degrees.

The Kaaba’s edges are not all the same length, so therefore it is best described as a “cuboid,” not a “cube.” It is covered by a black silk cloth decorated with verses of the Quran in gold-embroidered Arabic calligraphy. This cloth is known as the kiswah, and it is replaced yearly, on the second day of the hajj.

While Abraham was building the Kaaba, so the legend goes, the angel Gabriel came down and gave Abraham the famous Black Stone, which he placed in the eastern corner of the structure.

There is another squarish stone on the ground a few feet away from the Kaaba with what look like two footprints in it. This is known as the Station of Abraham and is said to be the stone where Abraham stood while watching over the construction of the Kaaba. Today it is encased in a beautifully ornate golden glass-and-metal structure.

There is a famous story in Islam about Mohammed and the Black Stone. By Mohammed’s time, the Kaaba had again been damaged and was being repaired (it has been damaged or destroyed and rebuilt or repaired numerous times over the centuries). The story goes that when construction was finished and it came time to place the Black Stone back in the eastern corner, the final step, the tribes of Mecca argued fiercely over who would get to do the honors.

They decided to ask the next man who walked by to decide for them, and that man happened to be Mohammed. His solution was to put the stone on a large cloth and have each of the leaders of the four tribes hold a corner of the cloth and carry the stone to its place. Mohammed himself then placed the stone into its final position.

This was back before Mohammed had received his first revelation from God. The next time Mohammed was involved with the Kaaba, though, would prove to be much less ... harmonious.

Islamic tradition holds that although Abraham built the Kaaba to worship the one God, over time the Kaaba had been more or less co-opted by the various pagan tribes in the area, all of whom had placed idols to their preferred deity inside the Kaaba, thereby “corrupting” it.

One particularly popular idol was a figure of Hubal, a moon deity worshipped by many in Mecca at the time. Access to the Kaaba (and thus the idol) was controlled by the powerful Quraysh tribe, of which Mohammed was a member, and they basically capitalized on this to get rich, charging fees and selling wares to pilgrims coming to worship the idol.

When Mohammed began receiving revelations from God (he received his first one about five years after the incident with the Black Stone) and preaching his message of monotheism, the rich Qurayshi merchants started getting a little antsy. Worried that the growing popularity of his decidedly anti-idol worshiping message could potentially hurt business, they ran Mohammed and his small band of followers out of town.

Ten years later, Mohammed and his now much larger and more powerful army of followers defeated the Quraysh tribe and took control of Mecca. One of Mohammed’s first acts upon taking control of the city was to go into the Kaaba and smash the idol of Hubal and the hundreds of other idols to pieces, rededicating the shrine as a place of worship of the one God.

Today, the Kaaba is kept closed during the hajj because of the overwhelming number of people, but those who visit the Kaaba during other times of the year are sometimes allowed to go inside. It’s quite beautiful: The walls are white marble on the lower half and green cloth on the upper half. There is very little inside it, though — just three tall stone pillars, a small table, some hanging lamp–looking things, and a staircase to the roof.

Oh, and aliens.

These aren’t the aliens. They’re just Arabs on cellphones. Inside the Kaaba.

Just kidding.

What are the main rituals performed during the hajj?

The most well-known ritual is the tawaf (literally “circumambulation”), during which pilgrims circle the Kaaba counterclockwise seven times at both the very beginning and the very end of the hajj. Although it’s not entirely clear exactly why it’s seven specifically, many believe it has to do with the motion of celestial bodies. Seven is also a prominent number associated with the divine in many religions, including Christianity and Judaism.

Other rituals include a ceremony where pilgrims throw small pebbles at three large stone walls, called jamarat, to symbolize the stoning the devil that tempted Abraham to defy God, and the slaughtering of an animal (usually a sheep) to honor the animal Abraham slaughtered instead of his son.

The meat is then given to feed the poor and needy. These days, pilgrims frequently elect to purchase tokens to have an animal slaughtered for them.

There is also a ritual called Sa’ee, in which pilgrims walk back and forth between the two hills of Safa and Marwah seven times to commemorate Hagar’s frantic search for water for her infant son.

Today, both hills are enclosed within the Masjid al-Haram (Sacred Mosque) complex (which also houses the Kaaba), and the path between the hills is a long, beautiful indoor gallery with marble floors and air conditioning. Many also drink from the Zamzam well located there.

The only ritual that is solely related to Mohammed is the climbing of Mount Arafat, which is where Mohammed preached his last sermon. On the second day of hajj, pilgrims wake at dawn and walk a short distance to Mount Arafat, where they spend the remainder of the day on or near the mountain in quiet worship and contemplation of God.

Can non-Muslims do the hajj?

No. Although Christians and Jews believe in the God of Abraham, they are not allowed to perform the hajj. Indeed, the government of Saudi Arabia forbids all non-Muslims from entering the holy city of Mecca at all.

The Saudi government takes this very seriously, so the odds that a non-Muslim would be able to slip in unnoticed among the throngs of pilgrims undetected or pretend to be Muslim and get in that way are extremely small. It’s not completely impossible — it has happened a handful of times over the centuries — but given the millions who attend every single year, the rate of success is miniscule. The Saudis have been doing this for a long time, and they’re not idiots.

Legal entry into the country is extremely tightly controlled, and the paperwork required to get a hajj visa is incredibly detailed. Pilgrims must book their hajj trip through a Saudi government–approved hajj travel agent. For a Western Muslim convert to be allowed to go on hajj, he or she must present documentation from an imam (Muslim religious leader). The imam must testify in writing that he knows the person in question and that the person is a true convert.

Trying to come in on a regular tourist visa and then stealthily making your way to Mecca is also a nonstarter. Getting a tourist visa as a Westerner is notoriously hard, and the likelihood of you being able to just slip away from your Saudi government minder and travel undetected all the way from the capital Riyadh to Mecca — more than 500 miles away, on the other side of a vast desert — is basically laughable.

The only way for a non-Muslim to get in is essentially to play the long con, pretending to convert to Islam seemingly sincerely enough to convince the local imam that you’re for real. That has happened before: In 2015, WND published a three-part series written pseudonymously by someone who claimed to be a white British non-Muslim man who successfully fake-converted to Islam and went on hajj.

So it’s not impossible. But you have to really, really, really want to go to all that trouble and risk potentially being deported and banned from the country (not to mention causing a major international incident and pissing off just about every Muslim on the planet) just to get into a city to see some sites that aren’t even of religious significance to you.

What about women and children?

Parents may choose to bring even their very young children with them, but the hajj won’t “count” toward fulfilling the child’s personal religious obligation, as that requires the child to be mature enough intellectually and spiritually to understand the significance of the hajj.

Women are also allowed — indeed, required, just like every other physically and financially able Muslim is — to perform the hajj. However, they have to be accompanied by an appropriate male guardian (called a mahram). Here are the rules, per the US State Department:

Women below the age of 45 must be accompanied by a “mahram” (e.g. close adult, male relative such as a husband, son, father, or brother) for Hajj. Women must be met by their sponsor upon arrival. Women who are traveling alone and not met by sponsors have experienced delays before being allowed to enter the country or to continue on other flights. Women over 45 may travel without a mahram in an organized group, provided they submit a notarized letter of no objection from the husband, son, or brother, authorizing travel for Hajj with the named group. Violators face deportation.

Women who are members of the minority Shia sect of Islam (the majority of the world’s Muslims are Sunni), on the other hand, are not required by Saudi authorities to have a mahram when attending hajj and are allowed to travel alone. This is likely because Shia scholars have, unlike Sunni scholars, ruled that a woman may travel alone on hajj if she feels that she will be safe.

And since it’s basically impossible to talk about women in Islam these days without someone bringing up the issue of how much clothing they’re required (or not required) to wear, here’s a fun fact: Although women must cover their hair with a scarf, the face veil, known as a niqab, and the burqa, the garment that covers from head to toe with only a mesh-like panel through which to see, are not allowed during hajj.

Yes, you read that right: The two pieces of clothing that are the most controversial and are seen by many anti-Islam critics as symbols of the pervasive and pernicious cultural intrusion of Islam and its inherent oppression of women, are not allowed during one of Islam’s most sacred rituals, even though men and women mix freely during it.

Some women still wear them, though, despite the prohibition, and it doesn’t seem to be something that’s actually enforced. Some have also come up with rather creative workarounds, such as wearing large, darkly tinted sunglasses and those paper face masks doctors wear.

So why the prohibition? The reason is basically that while Mohammed’s various statements regarding women’s dress are hotly debated among Muslim scholars (Mohammed lived a long time, after all, and he said a lot of things over the course of his life), his statement on women not covering their faces (or hands) during hajj is crystal clear: A woman in the state of ritual purity for hajj “should not cover her face or wear gloves.” Not a whole lot of room for debate there (though, of course, people still do debate it, because humans).

Men also wear special clothing during hajj. Male pilgrims wear two pieces of clean, unstitched cloth (usually plain white) — one wrapped around their waist and one wrapped around their torso — and plain sandals. The purpose of making all men dress in this same simple garb is to strip away all indications of wealth and status so that all pilgrims are seen as equal, as they are in the eyes of God.

How in the world does Saudi Arabia handle such a massive number of people each year?

In general, the Saudi government does a pretty good job at managing things, all things considered. But not always: Over the years, there have been many horrific examples of large numbers of people dying.

1.5 million people are attending the hajj this year. That’s way bigger than the Olympics (10,500 athletes and 500,000 foreign tourists went to Rio for the 2016 Olympics), Burning Man (the annual gathering in the Nevada desert currently has an attendance cap of 70,000 ), and the average Taylor Swift concert combined.

It’s not the biggest world event — that honor probably goes to the Kumbh Mela Hindu religious festival held every three years in India (in 2013, some 100 million people are believed to have attended) — but it’s still pretty impressive. For instance, the Saudi government’s target for the number of people performing tawaf (circling the Kaaba seven times) last year was 107,000 an hour .

But considering there are an estimated 1.6 billion Muslims on the planet, all of whom are required to perform the hajj at least once in their lives if they are financially and physically able, the numbers could actually be a lot higher. The main reason they aren’t is because every year the Saudi government sets quotas for each country on how many pilgrims they’re allowed to send on hajj.

To manage the people who do get to come, the Saudi government has invested billions of dollars in building a vast and elaborate infrastructure in and around the holy sitesa massive hajj terminal at the main airport in Riyadh, a complex network of roads to bring pilgrims to the city of Mecca, wide foot bridges to carry the tens of thousands of pedestrians who move from place to place at preset, staggered times to minimize traffic flow (personal vehicles are prohibited, for obvious reasons, so most people walk everywhere, though some — mostly the elderly — take shuttle buses), multi-tiered galleries around the Kaaba and the jamarat (the stone walls where the symbolic stoning of the devil takes place), and more.

Perhaps the most stunning logistical feat, though, is the vast tent city at Mina, located just a few kilometers from Mecca, where more than 160,000 air-conditioned, fireproof, Teflon-coated fiberglass tents provide temporary accommodation for pilgrims. Men and women, even married couples, sleep in separate tents. The majority of the tents can accommodate about 50 people, and the average price for each pilgrim is $500, according to Al Jazeera’ s Basma Atassi.

However, luxury tents costing as much as $10,000 per pilgrim — including some equipped with jacuzzis — are available for those few wealthy enough to afford them. As Atassi writes, though, the Saudi government in recent years has taken steps to ban them, stating that they “defied the spirit of the Hajj.”

For 51 weeks of the year, the tent city, roads, and other infrastructure built to accommodate pilgrims are almost completely deserted. Then for one week each year, they seethe with humanity.

There is also an extensive security apparatus in place to monitor every aspect of the hajj — to maintain order and safety, but also to ensure that proper Islamic protocol is followed by all in attendance. This year, the Saudis have deployed tens of thousands of security forces to control crowds and help keep pilgrims safe.

Unfortunately, that same number of security forces wasn’t enough to prevent catastrophe from striking in 2015: That year, more than 2,400 people were killed when a stampede occurred at the intersection of two pedestrian walkways leading out of the tent city toward the jamarat bridge.

Though this was the deadliest hajj disaster in history, other disasters have occurred. As Al Jazeera’s Atassi notes:

A 1990 stampede inside a pedestrian tunnel killed almost 1,500 people, while stampedes in the stoning of the devil area in 1990, 1994, 1998, 2003, 2004 and 2006 claimed the lives of hundreds. The eruption of a fire in 1997 burned thousands of tents and killed over 300 people.

Health issues are also a major concern during the hajj. So many people from all corners of the globe gathering in such a small area means the chances of contagious diseases spreading through the population are very high. There is also a high risk of heat stroke, heat exhaustion, dehydration, and sunburn, especially when the hajj falls in the summer months (as it does this year). For instance, in August 1985 , 2,000 cases of heatstroke were reported, and more than 1,000 of the sufferers died within a few days.

To try to prevent this from happening, the Saudi government makes all pilgrims adhere to strict guidelines regarding vaccinations, especially for particularly contagious diseases such as meningitis. Pilgrims are also advised to drink lots of water and to be mindful of the perils of the blistering desert heat.

The Saudi government also provides complimentary water distributed from refrigerated trucks, air-conditioned tents at Mina, large sun-blocking canopies, and thousands of fine-mist sprinklers, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .

Medical facilities are also available in and around the main hajj sites. As Asaad Shujaa and Sameer Alhamid write in the Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine , in 2012 there were 25 hospitals with 4,427 bed capacity (500 critical care and 550 emergency care) and 141 health centers with 20,000 qualified specialized personnel. They also note that all health care is provided at no cost to all pilgrims.

And, finally, there’s the politics.

Saudi Arabia and Iran have for years been in a sort of proxy struggle for dominance of the Middle East and the broader Muslim world. Saudi Arabia's government is officially Sunni, and Iran's is officially Shia. Both countries frequently exploit this by pushing a sectarian worldview of Sunni versus Shia. And that often comes to a head over the hajj.

The political legitimacy of the Saudi royal family rests largely on its religious credentials, which it gets at home from the support of the country's ultra-conservative Wahhabi religious establishment, and internationally from being the "custodian" of the two holiest places in Islam, the Prophet Mohammed's mosque in Medina and Masjid al-Haram in Mecca.

Iran, then, has long sought to portray the Saudis as incompetent custodians in an effort to damage their credibility, and has even called for an international body to take over administration of these places. When a horrific stampede occurred at the 2015 hajj, Iran jumped at the chance to blame the Saudis.

More than 400 Iranian pilgrims were reportedly killed in the incident. But before most of the victims had even been identified, Iranian leaders issued statements blaming the Saudis for the accident.

Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei stated , “The Saudi government is obliged to accept its heavy responsibility in this bitter incident and meet its obligations in compliance with the rule of righteousness and fairness; mismanagement and improper measures that were behind this tragedy should not be undermined,” and declared three days of mourning for the victims of the stampede.

The fight bled into the 2016 hajj. Khamenei issued a blistering statement on his website calling the Saudis murderers for their handling of the stampede last year and suggesting they may even have caused the stampede on purpose:

Saudi rulers were at fault in both cases. This is what all those present, observers and technical analysts agree upon. Some experts maintain that the events were premeditated. The hesitation and failure to rescue the half-dead and injured people, whose enthusiastic souls and enthralled hearts were accompanying their praying tongues on Eid ul-Adha, is also obvious and incontrovertible. The heartless and murderous Saudis locked up the injured with the dead in containers- instead of providing medical treatment and helping them or at least quenching their thirst. They murdered them.

Not to be outdone, Saudi Arabia’s top religious leader struck back, accusing the Iranians of being pagan fire worshipers, not Muslims. From Al Jazeera :

In comments to the Makkah newspaper published on Tuesday, Saudi Arabia's Grand Mufti Abdulaziz Al Sheikh was quoted as saying that Khamenei's remarks blaming Riyadh for last year's tragedy were "not surprising" because Iranians are descendants of Magi. Magi refers to Zoroastrians and those who worship fire. Predating Christianity and Islam, Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion in Persia before the Arab conquest. "We must understand they are not Muslims, for they are the descendants of Majuws, and their enmity towards Muslims, especially the Sunnis, is very old," Saudi's grand mufti said, according to the AP news agency.

The Iranians also decided to bar their citizens from attending the hajj at all last year, claiming the Saudis failed to adequately guarantee the safety of Iranian pilgrims and accusing them of having “blocked the proud and faithful Iranian pilgrims’ path to the Beloved’s House [the Kaaba].” The Saudis, of course, blamed the Iranians , arguing they had refused to sign the agreement both sides had reached over the 2016 hajj:

“Saudi Arabia does not prevent anyone from performing the religious duty,” the Saudi foreign minister, Adel al-Jubeir, said at a news conference with his visiting British counterpart, Philip Hammond. “Iran refused to sign the memorandum and was practically demanding the right to hold demonstrations and to have other advantages … that would create chaos during hajj, which is not acceptable,” he added.

Whoever’s fault it was, no Iranian pilgrims were allowed at the hajj in 2016. In 2017, however, Iran lifted the ban, and around 80,000 Iranians performed the hajj that year.

And there are tons of Shia Muslims from other countries, too. For the most part, Sunni and Shia pilgrims on hajj get along just fine — despite the best efforts of the governments of Iran and Saudi Arabia to stir up sectarian tension every year for geopolitical gain.

That Sunni and Shia pilgrims come together as brothers and sisters in Islam during the hajj is a powerful reminder of how religion can unite people as well as divide them. Pilgrims planning to go on hajj are advised to avoid conflict and disagreement with other Muslims, to refrain from judging or being harsh toward others whose customs or interpretations of Islam may seem ignorant or incorrect.

Because that’s what the hajj is really supposed to be about: believers from around the world coming together, putting aside linguistic, cultural, class, and sectarian differences, and worshiping God.

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What to Know Before Visiting Mecca

The most important city in Muslim culture, Mecca is a unique place in the world. Here’s what you need to know if you’re going for the Hajj.

The central spot in the world for all Muslims, Mecca is a city that’s always closed for non-believers. In fact, traveling there as a Christian is punishable by law, and transgressors are promptly fined and deported.

However, there are certain details even Muslim visitors should know before coming to the holiest site of Islam.

1. When to Come

For Muslims worldwide, visiting Mecca is obligatory if they are physically and financially able to make the journey. However, not all months of the year are equal when it comes to the Hajj.

The pilgrimage is most valid if performed during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah, which can be translated as the month of pilgrimage.

Since the Islamic calendar is lunar, the year is about 12 days shorter than the regular solar year. This means that the months shift around and need to be calculated for each year. For example, the month of pilgrimage in 2021 starts on July 11, but it begins on June 30 the following year.

Luckily, visiting Mecca outside the designated period isn’t forbidden. But it doesn’t score as high and is only considered a minor pilgrimage.

2. How to Get There

There are special visas issued by Saudi Arabia for those who want to make the pilgrimage. The paperwork involved is quite daunting, which is why many Muslims resort to hiring travel agencies to take care of all the necessities.

As expected for Saudi Arabia, women can’t travel alone but must be escorted by a man. The exceptions to this are women over 45 who are traveling as part of a group. But they must have consent signed by a man even then.

Once you get the paperwork in order, you can fly to Jeddah where there’s a dedicated airport terminal for those coming for the Hajj. From the city, you can take a bus, train, or travel by car to Mecca.

If you’re driving there, non-Muslims can get to the Christian bypass that’s located several miles outside Mecca and they’ll get stopped at the checkpoint. Meanwhile, Muslims can pass the police checkpoint where they’ll likely be allowed to enter the city.

3. The Essential Sites

Moving around Mecca is rather straightforward, as there are buses, taxis, and a metro. The crucial sites to visit in the city mainly revolve around the Hajj, with the priorities being the Kaaba and the Sacred Mosque that surrounds it.

Besides the two main sites, the Hajj often involves going to the plain of Muzdalifah where you can gather the stones to throw at the Devil. Once that’s done, you can then proceed to Mina, or the “tent city,” to spend the night and participate in the symbolic ritual of stoning the Devil.

Arafat hill is where Muhammad had his last sermon, while Jabal Al Thur is the cave where he hid from the Meccans trying to kill him. And visiting the mosque of Masjid e Taneem is an essential step in the pilgrimage.

Although not directly tied to the Hajj, the Mountain of Light or Jabal Al Noor is an essential site in Islam since, according to legend, that’s the place where Archangel Gabriel first revealed the Quran to Muhammad.

Another site that doesn’t directly relate to the pilgrimage is Abraj Al Bait or the Mecca Royal Hotel Clock Tower. This towering hotel complex looms over the Sacred Mosque and offers various amenities to pilgrims, including an Islamic Museum, a Lunar Observation Center, and more.

4. What to Do

Many activities are available in Mecca and mostly revolve around religious matters. Visitors will have the chance to read the Quran, pray at the Sacred Mosque, stone the Devil at Mina, and visit the sacred sites, among others.

Besides these, you can visit some of the schools in Mecca including the Umm Al-Qura University, which is the only one of its kind in the city. There are also mountains around the city that are ideal for hiking.

5. Shopping and Dining

Shopping in Mecca is widespread and you can check out local shops and malls that house various international brands. You can find an abundance of souvenirs to bring back home, as well as different religious items like prayer mats and Islamic hats.

Among the most precious trading commodities that you definitely shouldn’t miss are the Arabian perfume oils. These perfumes are made of natural ingredients and are less likely to irritate the skin. And their beautiful fragrance will last long even with the smallest quantity applied.

When it comes to eateries, Mecca has a broad offer of restaurants that serve Middle Eastern, Indian, Southeast Asian, and international dishes. And if you’re in the mood for some classical American fast food, you can find everything from KFC and Pizza Hut to Dunkin Donuts.

The food produced in the city is compliant with Islamic Law, which means there is no forbidden food like pork or ham.

Similarly, alcoholic beverages are forbidden both in Mecca and the whole country. But you can enjoy different juices, tea, and free Zamzam holy water.

6. Where to Stay

The range of hotels in Mecca is excellent. Pilgrims who can afford it can stay at the Hilton or the Inter-Continental, while others might choose accommodation in a lesser-known place. As expected, the prices of accommodations decrease as you move away from the Sacred Mosque.

Since Mecca can get quite crowded throughout the year, your best bet would be to book as early as possible to ensure a nice place to stay in some of the finer hotels in Mecca.

7. Safety Concerns

It’s not unusual for dozens of people to die under the stampedes of pilgrims that can be expected. Lately, some precautions have been taken to prevent the unnecessary loss of life. But the risk is still present.

It would also be best to remain cautious of the pickpockets that lurk among the crowd. The best advice here is to leave your valuable possessions in a safe place before going out.

Navigating Through the Holy City of Islam

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There’s a surprisingly large number of things to see in Mecca, and it’s not limited to religious sites either. Discover some of the city’s highlights you shouldn’t miss.

The holy city of Mecca is best-known as the site of pilgrimage for Muslims all over the world. And if you’re interested in other things to see in Mecca, there are plenty of attractions worth considering.

In this article, we’ll tell you the 12 most interesting sights you should consider adding to your itinerary.

1. The Kaaba and the Sacred Mosque

The Kaaba is an ancient Muslim sanctuary and the great mosque was built around it. Around four million people can fit into the world’s largest mosque. With its intricate structure and delicate decorations, it’s a fascinating sight to see.

Visits to the holy site are quite challenging during the day, as the place is constantly overcrowded. That’s why coming there in the evening will prove much more pleasant.

2. Mount Arafat

Located east of the city, the Arafat hill is purportedly the spot where Muhammad delivered his final sermon. And according to Muslim belief, this location is where the faithful will resurrect.

With steep sections and piles of rock, the hill might be somewhat demanding to climb. But it’s entirely manageable if you stay hydrated and rest regularly as you go on that trek.

3. Al Aziziyah District

This renowned shopping district is well-known for the markets, with the central market being the most popular spot. Conveniently close to the Sacred Mosque, Al Aziziyah is the best spot for those looking for clothes, accessories, shoes, cosmetics, and more.

Both Al Aziziyah central market and the neighboring Al Majaz market house various local and international brands that deal in textiles and jewelry.

4. Jabal Thawr

Jabal Thawr is a mountain over 4,500 feet high, and its significance lies in the cave where Muhammad hid while escaping the Meccans who wanted to kill him. There’s a wide path leading to the top and the mountain is perfect for viewing the surrounding landscape.

5. Muhammad’s Birthplace

The place where Muhammad was born now houses a library and museum. It’s an excellent spot for learning about the history of the religion. For devoted Muslims, being at the same spot where the prophet was born might be the most sentimental experience during their visit to Mecca.

Muhammad had the first revelations in this cave near the city of Mecca. The journey to the cave involves taking a three-hour hike up the mountain in the desert weather, making it quite challenging for most visitors.

It’s recommended to bring plenty of water and some snacks to remain energized during the trip. Hikers should keep a reasonable pace so they don’t become exhausted before reaching the destination. Once on top, you’ll appreciate the excellent view of the city below.

7. Al Diyafa Mall

Contrasting the historical sites nearby, the Al Diyafa Mall is a modern-looking structure that houses lavish fashion stores and represents the trendy side of Mecca. Its name translates to ‘hospitality’ and the mall is located in the Al Zahir neighborhood

With plenty of fashion stores, restaurants, and an area for children, Al Diyafa Mall is an ideal place where you can spend several hours browsing and shopping.

8. Abraj Al Bait

The giant building towering above the Kaaba, Abraj Al Bait is a complex owned by the government and represents one of the most famous attractions in Mecca. Located in it are a shopping mall, a high-end hotel, and a praying space.

The outstanding feature of the massive building is the clock tower that can be seen shining like a beacon from miles away. There’s also an observatory at the top that offers a great view of the surrounding area, making the visit to the building a must.

9. Masjid E Taneem

Very close to Mecca, Masjid E Taneem is a mosque and one of the crucial points in pilgrimages. It’s outfitted with bath and changing facilities. Faithful Muslims use it as Miqat or a station where they can change into appropriate garments for the pilgrimage.

Mina is a neighborhood designed for pilgrims to have a sleep-over during the Hajj. There are tens of thousands of tents that have air conditioning and Teflon coating for everyone to remain comfortable in the high desert heat.

11. Makkah Mall

Away from the desert climate, Makkah Mall is a high-end shopping center with a vibrant atmosphere and plenty of amenities for all kinds of customers. This mall is the essential shopping hub for visitors and it houses many different brands, from local to international.

There are various shops, boutiques, supermarkets, and restaurants, with over 140 brands represented there. You’ll also find various entertainment areas, making the mall very convenient for families with kids.

12. Al Wahba Crater

This volcanic crater can be found to the northeast of Mecca, an otherworldly area in the middle of the desert. Measuring almost a mile in diameter and featuring cliffs that reach the height of around 850 feet, the Al Wahba crater is truly massive.

Among the most interesting things to see in Mecca is this crater when it becomes filled with water during the wet season. And once evaporation happens, a layer of salt is left covering the bottom.

Created during the period when the area had plenty of volcanic activity, Al Wahba is surrounded by plains that contain large amounts of volcanic ash. You’ll find some refuge from the sun under the shade of palm trees when hiking through and around the crater. These trees cover the cliffs to the north and you can even choose to camp on the site.

Experience Mecca

From the unavoidable religious sites to excellent shopping venues and wonders of nature, there’s much to see in and near Mecca. It doesn’t matter what one’s level of devotion as a Muslim is. Every visitor will find something to enjoy in the holy city.

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Can non-Muslims go to Mecca or Madina? Can Tourists Enter?

Table of Contents

Mecca and Medina are the two most important cities in the Islamic world, and millions of Muslims from around the world visit these cities each year to perform Hajj or Umrah.

However, non-Muslims are not allowed to enter Mecca, but are allowed to visit Madinah. This raises a lot of questions for people who wish to visit Mecca or Medina, especially for tourists and people of other religions.

Why Are Non-Muslims Not Allowed in Mecca or Madina?

When the question arises, ‘ Can non-Muslims go to Mecca ‘ the answer is No.

Non-Muslims are not allowed to enter the holy cities of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The reasons for this restriction are deeply rooted in the Islamic faith and history.

Mecca and Medina are considered the holiest cities in Islam and are revered by Muslims worldwide. Mecca is home to the Kaaba, the first house of worship dedicated to the one true God, Allah. It is also the site of the annual Hajj pilgrimage , which is one of the five pillars of Islam and mandatory for every able-bodied Muslim who can afford it.

The Quran, the holy book of Islam, states that Mecca is a sanctuary that is reserved exclusively for Muslims and non-Muslims cannot vsit Mecca.

It says in the Quran,

“O you who have believed, indeed the polytheists are unclean, so let them not approach al-Masjid al-Haram after this, their [final] year” (9:28). This Quran verse is interpreted by Islamic scholars as a commandment to keep non-Muslims out of Mecca.

Furthermore, the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) declared that Mecca and Medina are sacred lands that are not to be polluted by non-Muslims.

“No unbeliever may enter Mecca. No one may circumambulate the Kaaba naked or perform the pilgrimage naked” (Sahih Muslim, 1355).

This restriction on non-Muslims entering Mecca has been in place for centuries and is strictly enforced by the Saudi Arabian government. Non-Muslims who attempt to enter Mecca can face severe consequences, including imprisonment and deportation.

The rationale behind this ban is to preserve the sanctity and purity of Mecca as holy site for Muslims . Allowing non-Muslims to enter Makkah could potentially lead to the desecration of these sacred sites and compromise their spiritual significance for Muslims.

In addition to the religious and cultural reasons, there are also security concerns that justify the ban on non-Muslims entering Mecca. The Saudi Arabian government takes the responsibility of protecting the holy cities and their visitors very seriously. It believes restricting access to these cities is necessary to ensure their safety.

How Do They Check if You Are Muslim in Mecca?

The passport will be checked at the arrival registration counter at airport when arriving in Saudi Arabia, and if the passport has any visa stamps from Israel, it will be deemed invalid.

Additionally, non-Muslims are not allowed to apply for the special Hajj or Umrah visas, which are required to enter Makkah and Medina.

Furthermore, there are checkpoints and barriers set up on the roads leading to Mecca to ensure that only Muslims enter the city.

At these checkpoints, visitors will be asked to show their Hajj or Umrah visas as well as their ID cards, which will indicate their religion.

Additionally, there are officers who will be observing the visitors’ behavior and dress to ensure that they are adhering to Islamic norms and customs.

What if I’m a Tourist Visiting Saudi Arabia?

If you are a non-Muslim tourist visiting Saudi Arabia, you will not be allowed to enter the holy citiy of Makkah. However, you can still visit other parts of the country, such as Madina, Riyadh or Jeddah, and experience the culture and hospitality of the Saudi people.

The government has also started promoting tourism in the country, and there are many tourist attractions that you can visit.

Can a Revert/Converted Muslim Go to Mecca?

Yes, a revert Muslims can of course go to Mecca.

However, it is important to note that the Saudi Arabian government has implemented strict rules and regulations for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, and you must follow these rules to perform the pilgrimage.

Can a Christian Enter Mecca?

christian cross christians are not allowed to enter makkah

No, Christians are not allowed to enter Mecca. According to Islamic teachings, Christians are considered to be polytheists, and they are not allowed to enter the holy cities.

However, there have been reports of some non-Muslims being allowed to enter the cities for diplomatic or business reasons, but these are rare cases.

Can a Hindu Enter Mecca?

No, Hindus are not allowed to enter Mecca or Medina. Hindus are considered to be idolaters, and according to Islamic teachings, idolaters are not allowed to enter the holy cities.

However, there have been some exceptional cases of Hindus being allowed to enter Mecca for diplomatic or business reasons.

Can a Jew Enter Mecca?

No, Jews are not allowed to enter Mecca. The Saudi Arabian government strictly prohibits non-Muslims from entering the holy city of Mecca, and this includes Jews.

This rule is in place to preserve the sanctity and purity of the holy sites for Muslims and to prevent any potential harm to the religious and cultural identity of the city.

Is There an Age Limit for Hajj?

There is no specific age limit for Hajj, but the pilgrim must be physically and financially capable of performing the journey. However, due to safety concerns, the Saudi government has set the minimum age for performing Hajj at 12 years .

Elderly people and those with underlying health conditions are advised to consult their doctors before embarking on the Hajj journey.

What Happens if a Non-Muslim Enters Mecca?

If a Non-Muslim is found entering Mecca, they will be arrested and deported back to their country.

The Saudi government takes the ban on non-Muslims entering Mecca seriously, and violators can face severe punishment, including imprisonment and fines.

Incidents When Non-Muslims Entered Mecca

There have been instances in the past where non-Muslims have entered Mecca. In 1979, a group of armed militants led by Juhayman al-Otaybi took control of the Grand Mosque in Mecca.

The militants were from Saudi Arabia and Yemen, and they believed that the ruling Saudi monarchy had become corrupt and unIslamic.

The Saudi government eventually regained control of the mosque after a two-week siege, during which many people were killed or injured. This incident highlighted the potential security risks that non-Muslims could pose if they were allowed to enter Mecca.

In 2002, an American Jew and TV journalist in Israel named Gil Tamary secretly entered Mecca to record footage for a travelogue.

Despite the strict enforcement of the ban on non-Muslims in Mecca, Tamary managed to gain entry along with only 17 other non-Muslims known to have done so in recent decades.

The incident caused an uproar among Muslims, Israelis, and Westerners alike, as they feared it would increase hostility. The Saudi government pressed criminal charges against Tamary and his Saudi driver.

Tamary later issued an apology and claimed his intention was to highlight the significance of Mecca and the beauty of the religion to promote religious tolerance.

These incidents demonstrate the importance that Muslims place on the sanctity of Mecca and the need for strict measures to prevent non-Muslims from entering the city.

While there may be some curiosity among non-Muslims about what lies inside the holy city, it is important to respect the religious beliefs and practices of others and refrain from attempting to enter Mecca without permission.

Can Non-Muslim Enter Mosques?

Non-Muslims are allowed and welcomed to enter mosques in Saudi Arabia, however the only mosques they are not allowed to enter is Masjid Al Haram and sacred areas around it.

In many Muslim-majority countries, non-Muslims are allowed to enter mosques, although there may be certain restrictions or protocols that they need to follow, such as dress code and behavior. Visitors are often required to remove their shoes and dress modestly, and photography and loud talking may not be allowed.

In some cases, non-Muslims may be allowed to enter mosques but only in certain areas, such as a designated viewing area or the outer courtyard. In other cases, non-Muslims may be allowed to enter the mosque but only during certain times, such as outside of prayer times. But in most cases non Muslims are welcomed to visit mosques.

There are times when some mosques that do not allow non-Muslims to enter at all. This may be because the mosque is considered to be a particularly sensitive or sacred site or because there have been security concerns in the past.

In general, it is recommended that non-Muslims who wish to visit a mosque should be respectful of Islamic customs and traditions. This may include dressing modestly, removing shoes before entering the mosque, and refraining from any behavior that could be seen as disrespectful or disruptive.

Overall, non-Muslims are permitted to enter mosques, unless that mosque is Masjid Al Haram. With proper respect and consideration for Islamic customs and traditions, it is often possible for non-Muslims to visit and appreciate these important cultural and religious sites.

Islam Is Not the Only Religion That Bans/Restricts Access to Holy Sites

It is important to note that Islam is not the only religion that restricts access to certain holy sites. Many religions around the world have similar practices, and it is often done to preserve the sanctity and religious significance of these places.

For example, in Hinduism, non-Hindus are not allowed to enter certain temples.

In addition, there are also many secular restrictions on access to certain areas around the world, such as military zones, national parks, and private property.

Summary – Can Non-Muslims Go to Mecca or Medina?

The bottom line is non-Muslims are generally not allowed to enter Mecca, which are considered the holiest cities in Islam. This is due to the religious significance of these places and the Islamic belief that only Muslims are allowed to enter.

There are strict checkpoints and guidelines in place to ensure that only Muslims are able to enter, and those who attempt to enter without permission may face severe consequences.

However, tourists and visitors to Saudi Arabia are still able to experience the culture and history of the country, and there are many other places to visit and explore.

It is important to be respectful of local customs and traditions and to follow all laws and regulations while visiting the country.

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Can you visit Mecca in Saudi Arabia as a tourist?

Mecca, also known as Makkah, located in western Saudi Arabia, is the holiest city in Islam.

More than three million Muslims visit this city during the month of Dhul-Hijjah every year for the Hajj pilgrimage, and many others also make smaller pilgrimages or perform Umrah during other times of the year.

While Mecca is open to tourists, it's important to know that it's limited to Muslim travelers only , and there are other rules and restrictions you must know about before you go. Let's dive in.

Can I travel to Mecca as a tourist?

The simple answer is no, unless you're Muslim .

Non-Muslims are strictly prohibited from entering the holy city of Mecca and certain parts of Medina. Signs indicating these boundaries are clearly signposted, and it's crucial to respect these restrictions.

Rules and restrictions for visiting Mecca as a Muslim tourist

Embarking on a pilgrimage to Mecca, the heart of the Islamic world, is a profoundly spiritual journey that every Muslim aspires to undertake at least once in their lifetime.

Here are the essential rules and restrictions for visiting Mecca as a Muslim tourist , ensuring your spiritual journey is both fulfilling and in complete harmony with the sacred regulations of this holy city:

Pilgrimage eligibility: The pilgrimage to Mecca, known as Hajj, is obligatory for all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey. Additionally, the Umrah, a smaller pilgrimage, can be performed at any time of the year but is not obligatory.

Visa requirements: Pilgrims must obtain a specific visa for Hajj or Umrah from Saudi Arabian embassies or consulates. These visas are issued by Islamic lunar months, with Hajj visas available only during particular periods. Our platform simplifies this process, offering updated information and assistance with your visa application.

Respect for local customs and dress code: Visitors to Mecca are expected to adhere to Islamic principles of conduct and dress modestly. For men, this includes wearing the Ihram during the Hajj, while women should wear clothes that cover the body appropriately and avoid perfume and makeup during the rituals.

Health requirements: Pilgrims must meet certain health criteria to protect themselves and others during their journey. This includes vaccinations, particularly for meningitis, and the Saudi government may require COVID-19 vaccinations. Check the latest info on the government website .

Environmental awareness: The Saudi authorities encourage pilgrims to maintain cleanliness and environmental awareness throughout their journey. Littering or damaging the natural and urban environment of the sacred sites is strictly prohibited.

Safety and security: Given the large crowds, especially during Hajj, it's essential to follow all safety guidelines provided by the authorities. This includes staying with your group, following the designated ritual routes, and securing personal belongings.

Women: Women can register for Hajj without a male guardian if they go in a group with other women.

Photographs: You are not allowed to take photos (still or video, even with your phone) at the Holy Mosque in Mecca or the Prophet's Mosque in Medina. If you break this rule, your device may be taken away.

There may be other rules that you must adhere to, so make sure to stay updated and informed throughout the process of traveling to Mecca.

How does the Saudi government check if you're Muslim to visit Mecca?

Saudi Arabia's government restricts entry to Mecca to Muslims only . Proof of your religious beliefs will be checked upon entry, and anyone not showing proof of being Muslim will be denied access.

This check can include:

You may be asked to present documentation from an imam (Muslim religious leader)
You may be asked to submit your documentation from your imam upon booking your trip (especially important if you're a converted Muslim traveler)
You may be asked to say the Shahada and be asked about your knowledge of Islam
Some countries offer ID cards that include the holder's religion, which is accepted as proof

What happens when non-Muslims try to enter Mecca?

While it's not only incredibly disrespectful, it's also not a good idea as you're trespassing and breaking Saudi Arabian laws.

The penalty for non-Muslims attempting to enter is deportation from the country and a possible fine. This rule applies whether you're trying to enter the city by plane, car, bus, or train.

Do you need a visa to visit Mecca in Saudi Arabia?

The visa requirements depend on your nationality , even if you can proof you're Muslim. The various visas include:

Saudi Arabia Tourist eVisa : This electronic visa allows Muslim travelers from certain nationalities to visit the country for their Umrah pilgrimage. However, some restrictions apply, such as being unable to take holy water home.

Saudi Arabia Tourist Visa (paper visa): If you're not eligible for the eVisa, you must apply for a traditional Tourist Visa from the nearest Saudi Embassy or Consulate .

Saudi Arabia Umrah Visa : This is a special visa for Umrah pilgrims. While it involves more required documents, you have more freedom within the Umrah privileges.

Saudi Arabia Hajj Visa: This is a special visa for Hajj pilgrims. A trip and accompanying visa must be booked through a government-approved travel agency .

Hajj visas are assigned to countries on a quota basis according to the number of Muslims that live there. In recent years, additional restrictions have been placed on those who have previously been to Mecca to avoid overcrowding.

[Saudi Arabia Electronic Visa Waiver]: At the time of writing, this visa waiver was only available to travelers from the United Kingdom, and allows Muslims to perform Umrah.

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iVisa is NOT affiliated with any government agency. This site does not provide legal advice and we are not a law firm. None of our customer service representatives are lawyers and they also do not provide legal advice. We are a private, internet-based travel and immigration consultancy provider dedicated to helping individuals travel around the world. You may apply by yourself directly on the various government websites. The source of information: https://www.saudiembassy.net/visa-types

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Why Is Mecca Important To Muslims? – History, Facts & Significance

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Makkah, also spelled as Mecca, is the holiest city in Islam. It holds a unique place in the hearts of over 1.9 billion Muslims worldwide. It’s a place of deep spiritual significance, where believers congregate, seek blessings of Allah (SWT), and fulfill religious obligations as per the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).

Today, the Kaaba, Al-Masjid Al-Haram and other holy sites are the focal points of Islamic faith as millions of pilgrims from diverse backgrounds and walks of life visit them for Umrah or Hajj every year.

In this article, we look at the importance of Mecca in the lives of Muslims , its unique features, and the common religious practices and obligations that center the holy city in Saudi Arabia.

Why is Mecca important in Islam?

Indeed, the first House of worship established for mankind was that at Makkah – blessed and a guidance for the worlds.” – Surah Al-Imran, 3:96

Makkah is more than just a city in Saudi Arabia . It holds a unique place in the hearts of Muslims worldwide for several compelling reasons, mainly the following:

Birthplace of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him)

Mecca, or Makkah, is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, the final messenger of Allah. He was born in the Year of the Elephant, marking 570 AD on the Gregorian calendar.

As the “Seal of the Prophets,” his mission was to convey Allah’s message to humanity. The revelation of the Quran and the establishment of Islamic teachings began in Makkah.

Reception of the First Revelations

Makkah is where the Prophet Muhammad PBUH received the first divine revelations of the Quran. This momentous event occurred in the Cave of Hira , in the hills surrounding Makkah. It marked the beginning of the prophethood and signaled the initiation of the Quranic revelation, which serves as the foundational religious text for Muslims.

The Quran provides comprehensive guidance on faith, worship, morality, and social conduct, making it the compass for Muslims’ lives.

The Kaaba (House of Allah)

The Kaaba, situated within the confines of the Masjid Al-Haram (the Grand Mosque), is in the heart of Makkah. The black cubic structure is considered the “House of Allah” and is the focal point for Muslim prayer, the Qibla.

Muslims worldwide face the Kaaba during their daily prayers, symbolizing their unity and spiritual connection. The Kaaba’s history is intertwined with the monotheistic legacy, as it was originally built by the Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and his son, Isma’il (AS) , dedicated to the worship of the creator of the universe.

muslim pilgrims circulating the holy kaaba

Umrah and Hajj Pilgrimage

Makkah is the destination for two core pilgrimages in Islam: Hajj and Umrah. Hajj, one of the Five Pillars of Islam , is an obligatory pilgrimage that every Muslim who meets the conditions must undertake at least once in their lifetime.

The rituals of Hajj , which include circumambulating the Kaaba and standing on the plain of Arafat , are performed in and around Makkah. Umrah, in contrast, is a recommended but non-mandatory pilgrimage. Both journeys bring Muslims closer to Allah (SWT) and express devotion and humility.

What is Mecca?

The name “Mecca” has transcended its original reference to the holy city in Saudi Arabia, taking on a broader significance in Western culture.

It symbolizes a place of immense religious importance and any focal point or destination of great significance. Yet, “Why is Makkah important?” is a frequently asked question among muslims and non-muslims alike.

In Western contexts, “Mecca” signifies a location of supreme importance, reflecting the profound impact of the Islamic holy city’s spiritual and historical legacy on global consciousness.

This adaptation underscores its position as a gathering place where people unite for a common purpose or goal, reminiscent of how millions of Muslims gather in the city for religious pilgrimage.

While “Mecca” is used more broadly to evoke a sense of sanctuary or refuge, its primary and most sacred association remains with the Islamic holy city. There, the Kaaba is the central place of worship, and millions of diverse pilgrims congregate yearly for religious obligations.

“Mecca” has thus evolved into a symbol of unity, devotion, and the rich tapestry of Islamic history and faith, reflecting its importance locally and globally.

Where is Mecca located?

Makkah is located in the western region of Saudi Arabia, along the Red Sea coast. It’s inland from the Red Sea and lies approximately 70 kilometers from the port city of Jeddah.

The city is nestled within a valley, with the vast expanse of the surrounding desert adding to its unique geographical and spiritual character.

Why Do Muslims Go to Mecca?

Muslims from across the globe must undertake the pilgrimage to Makkah at least once in their lifetime if certain conditions are met. This pilgrimage is known as Hajj, one of the Five Pillars of Islam.

The Hajj obligation is an essential religious duty and serves as a way for Muslims to seek forgiveness, cleanse their souls, and strengthen their connection with Allah.

muslims from around the world performing hajj with their hajj visa

Why Do Muslims Pray Towards Mecca?

Muslims pray towards Mecca because it holds immense spiritual significance as the birthplace of Islam. The focal point of this devotion is the Kaaba, located within the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca.

This practice is deeply rooted in tradition, as it was the direction of prayer chosen by the Prophet Muhammad PBUH under divine guidance.

Praying in the direction of Mecca unites Muslims worldwide in their worship of Allah, emphasizing the central principle of tawhid, or the oneness of God.

It serves as a symbolic manifestation of the unity of the Muslim ummah, reinforcing the idea that all Muslims, regardless of their geographical location, are interconnected by their shared faith and devotion to the creator of the universe.

Why Is Hajj Important in Islam?

According to Western contexts, Islam is an Abrahamic religion. The Hajj pilgrimage has deep roots with Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and his son Isma’il (AS).

According to Islam, both prophets were commanded by Allah (SWT) to build the Kaaba, which now stands at the heart of the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca .

The construction of this house of worship was to establish the oneness of Allah and emphasize his universal sovereignty.

Hajj became mandatory in Islam as a continuation of this divine command. It serves as a commemoration of the trials faced by Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and his family.

The rituals performed during Hajj, such as circumambulating the Kaaba and standing at the plain of Arafat, are symbolic reenactments of events associated with the prophets.

Thus, Hajj is not merely a set of rites; it is a journey rooted in the shared history of the Abrahamic prophets, designed to strengthen the believers’ connection with Allah (SWT) and purify their souls.

Hajj is obligatory for every financially and physically capable Muslim who meets specific conditions. By undertaking this pilgrimage, Muslims not only cleanse themselves of past sins but also reaffirm their commitment to the monotheistic message of their forefathers and establish a profound sense of brotherhood and equality among themselves.

Similarly, Umrah importance can’t be understated. While it may not be mandatory, it’s still one of the most sacred journeys muslims undertake.

Interesting Facts About Mecca

Below are some interesting facts about Mecca for anyone planning to visit Saudi Arabia for Hajj or Umrah in the future:

Annual Kaaba Kiswah Replacement

The Kaaba’s covering, known as the kiswah , is meticulously crafted from black silk and adorned with intricate gold embroidery. What’s intriguing is that it’s replaced annually, reflecting the reverence and care with which this sacred structure is looked after.

Exclusive Access to the Kaaba

While the general public can’t enter the Kaaba, a select few hold the keys to its interior. The honor of opening and entering the Kaaba is reserved for the keyholders, usually members of the Bani Shaybah family, who have been entrusted with this responsibility for generations.

Kissing the Black Stone

Embedded in the eastern corner of the Kaaba, the Black Stone, also known as the Hajar al-Aswad , is considered sacred. Pilgrims on Hajj and Umrah obligations often seek to kiss or touch the stone as a symbol of purification.

But did you know the stone wasn’t always black? Originally, it is believed to have been white. Over the centuries and through various events, including exposure to the sins of humankind, it turned black.

Why is Medinah Important in Islam?

Medinah, Islam’s second major holy city, carries immense historical and spiritual significance . In Medinah, the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) found refuge during a pivotal time in Islamic history.

His migration to Medinah, known as the Hijrah, marked the beginning of the Islamic calendar. This city became the birthplace of Islamic governance and ethics, where the first Muslim community was established.

Today, Medinah is home to the renowned Al-Masjid An-Nabawi, the second holiest mosque in Islam. The mosque encompasses the Prophet’s final resting place and is a destination for millions of Umrah or Hajj pilgrims and visitors who come to pay their respects.

Other Holy Sites in Makkah

Below are some of the key holy sites in Makkah apart from the Kaaba and Masjid al-Haram

The Mountains Surrounding Makkah

The hills and mountains around Mecca, such as Jabal Al-Noor , are of immense significance. The Cave of Hira, where the first revelations of the Quran were received by the Prophet Muhammad, is located in these mountains.

The Zamzam Well

The Zamzam Well is a sacred water source located within the Masjid al-Haram. This well is renowned for its continuous flow, even in the arid climate of Mecca. Pilgrims worldwide drink from it and take some home as a blessing.

Prophet Ibrahim’s (AS) Footprints

Near the Kaaba, there’s a marker believed to be where the Prophet Ibrahim stood while constructing the Kaaba. It’s a blessed spot where millions of pilgrims pray and seek forgiveness.

Al Muallaa Cemetery

The Al Muallaa Cemetery in Makkah is the final resting place for several distinguished Prophet Muhammad (SAW) family members. Among those interred here are the Prophet’s wife, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (AS), and his beloved uncle, Abu Talib.

Other Points of Interest in Makkah

While Masjid al-Haram and the other holy sites in Makkah are the primary hotspots for pilgrims and travelers, you can visit other interesting places when you’re done with the religious rituals and obligations. Popular points of interest include:

Exhibition of the Two Holy Mosques Architecture (Mecca)

This captivating exhibition offers a unique window into the architectural grandeur of two of Islam’s most sacred sites, Masjid Al Haram in Makkah and Al Masjid Al Nabawi in Madinah.

Visitors can explore these magnificent structures’ intricate designs, engineering marvels, and history. The exhibition showcases the evolution of these mosques’ architecture, from humble beginnings to awe-inspiring modern-day structures hosting millions of worshippers.

Clock Tower Museum

Nestled within the iconic Abraj Al Bait Towers, the Clock Tower Museum provides an immersive experience of Makkah’s history and cultural importance. It delves into the evolution of Makkah from a historic city to a bustling, cosmopolitan metropolis.

Visitors can explore the city’s expansion and history, the Grand Mosque’s development and its surroundings, and the immense cultural significance of Makkah for Muslims worldwide. The museum’s exhibits offer an educational and enriching experience, shedding light on the city’s transformation over the years and its central role in the Islamic world.

Summary – Why is Makkah Important?

Makkah’s significance in Islam is immeasurable. It’s the birthplace of the final messenger of Allah, Muhammad SAW. It’s home to the sacred Kaaba, the focal point of daily Muslim prayers.

Hajj, a religious obligation, draws millions of pilgrims to Makkah annually, emphasizing unity, equality, and spiritual rejuvenation.

Now that you understand the importance of Makkah in Islam,please book your flight to Saudi Arabia to perform Hajj or Umrah with our amazing packages. We pray that Allah SWT opens the door to each of you.

“And proclaim to the people the Hajj; they will come to you on foot and on every lean camel; they will come from every distant pass.” – Quran, Surah Al-Hajj (22:27)

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How To Visit Madinah/Medina as a Non-Muslim! Is It Possible??

Categories Middle East , Saudi Arabia

Now non-muslims have free travel within Saudi Arabia, can non-muslims go to Madinah and can non-Muslims go to Mecca??

With Saudi Arabia opening its doors to tourism in late 2019, there’s no wonder that there is confusion on where tourists can and can’t visit. Mainly when it comes to Mecca and Medina (Makkah and Madinah), the 2 most important places in Islam.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia had intrigued me for years, as well as the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, so it isn’t surprising that I first visited Saudi Arabia in January 2020 , just a few months after the tourism e-visa was launched.

Later in 2020, I actually became Muslim! Did visiting Madinah as a non-Muslim help me revert to Islam? Keep reading to find out!

Can Non-Muslims visit Medina/Madinah?

Related Post: Are you visiting Jeddah before Madinah? If so, read my post on how to get from Jeddah to Madinah via bus, train & flight .

Before visiting Medina I had watched a few youtube videos ( here’s my YouTube video! ) from tourists and non-muslims who had visited Medina.

This really sparked my interest because I had seen the huge Mosque in photos, and an incredible replica in the National Museum of Saudi Arabia in Riyadh , and I wanted to see it for myself!

Plus, after spending a month in Saudi Arabia meeting a lot of Muslims I was feeling more interested in Islam and wanted to learn more.

Can non-muslims visit Madinah?, Al-Masjid a Nabawi

Related Posts: Places To Visit in Madinah and Buying a SIM card at Medina Airport as a tourist .

Find What You're Looking For Easily Here!

Can non-Muslims visit Mecca?

Let’s touch on this first…

‘Can Non-Muslims visit Mecca?’ Is a popular question and the answer is very clear – No!

Mecca is the holiest site in Islam and it is where Muslims visit to do Umrah and Hajj , and in my opinion, this is a good thing, I think Mecca and the holy Kaaba should be kept for Muslims only.

Can non-Muslims visit Madinah?

I knew I wanted to visit Jeddah on my second visit to Saudi Arabia and I knew how close Medina and Jeddah are.

I did a bit of research and although some websites stated that non-muslims cannot go to Medina , these websites seemed pretty old and many more said that non-muslims CAN visit.

I’d also seen the youtube videos of non-Muslims in Medina who didn’t face any issues.

So, I decided to travel 6 hours from Jeddah to Medina by bus and see for myself what it was like.

My Experience Visiting Madinah as a Non-Muslim.

Firstly, a few blog posts and websites I read said that documentation would be required to enter Madinah and this is needed to show you are a Muslim.

Firstly, there is no way you can really prove you are a Muslim apart from proving it in words by reciting the prayer.

And there is no ‘Muslim identity card’ (although I did have to reconfirm that with a friend of mine in Saudi when I had a sudden state of panic), and I can confirm that at no point was I asked to show documentation like my passport apart from when I checked into my Madinah Hotel which is standard procedure.

By the way, I stayed at Mawaddah Altaqwa Hotel which I highly recommend as it’s in a great location and at a good price! (It’s no longer on Booking.com for some reason but is bookable on Agoda here !)

I shared the below screenshots from my Google search on my Instagram as I was getting a lot of questions as to how and why I could visit Medina.

I had a few replies back from people, mainly who lived in Medina who confirmed that no, documentation is not checked!

This google snippet came up first on my Google Search result from Wikipedia without me even clicking on a link!

Twice I was asked by people I met if I was Muslim, once in a shop and once out sightseeing, they were obviously curious and this was a fair enough question, to them I said no, but I am very interested in Islam and want to learn more.

They did seem a little baffled as it is understandably strange for a British Woman to be in one of the holiest sites in Islam on her own and not even be a Muslim, but they didn’t question me further and there was no need to.

Related Post: How to Get from Jeddah to Madinah via Bus, Train & Flight.

Where can Non-Muslims Visit in Madinah?

This is the main thing that non-muslims need to keep in mind, from what I read and understood, is that non-muslims cannot enter the main mosque of Al-Masjid a Nabawi , also known as Al-Haram, and the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah.

Although this also comes down to the fact that unless you get questioned, no one will know you are not Muslim if you go inside.

However, for me, I did not feel confident in going inside Al-Masjid a Nabawi even though I was in Medina with a huge amount of interest and respect for Islam.

And in all honesty, I didn’t know what to do inside so I felt like it was best for me to stay around the outer edge of the Mosque complex outside, which is stunning and such a serene and interesting place, and not go inside.

I was pleased and content with this decision.

Important point – In early 2021, a friend of mine living in Saudi as an ex-pat went to Madina and was questioned by guards near the Masjid about where she is from. She and her friend replied ‘the UK’ and they were asked to leave the Masjid area even though they weren’t inside, just outside.

They assumed the guard knew they weren’t Muslim and they didn’t want to lie and say they were. This was also whilst Saudi was still closed for international tourism so I guess the guards spotted them more easily.

In 2022 my friend Travel Tom Tom went to Madinah and so did Drew Binsky and neither of them had an issue.

As for the rest of the city, I felt much more relaxed away from the Mosque and there are plenty of places to visit in Medina in one day there.

I did the Madinah Hop-On, Hop-Off Sightseeing Bus booked through Get Your Guide which I really enjoyed and really recommend to you, no matter if you are Non-Muslim or Muslim.

This is my full blog post on where I visited on the Medina Tourist Bus and here is a link to book the bus on Get Your Guide , and here is the link to book the bus on Viator . They were the same price.

Can non-muslims visit Madinah?, Uhud Mountain and Mosque

What To Wear in Madinah?

As a female.

This is very important, even if you are not a Muslim, you need to respect the dress code that all other women in Madinah follow.

I wore a black Abaya which I wear all the time in Saudi Arabia anyway. I also wore a black headscarf . Usually, I do not cover my hair and wear a hijab elsewhere in Saudi, but in Madinah, there was no way I wasn’t going to cover my hair.

Related Post: What to Wear in Saudi Arabia as a Foreign Female Tourist.

I do not own a Niqab to and I didn’t feel like I needed to cover my face in Medina as the majority of women that I saw in Madinah had their faces showing.

This is because women from all around the world are in Madinah, not just Saudi women and Muslim women dress differently around the world.

I did hear from a male traveller on my Instagram who is not a Muslim and visited Madinah.

He said he felt out of place in his normal clothes because the men in Madinah were all wearing their traditional clothes like thobes etc and in jeans and a t-shirt, he definitely looked like a tourist and a non-muslim, in fact, the guards around the mosque went up to him and asked a few questions as to why he was there.

Whereas for me, in an Abaya and Headscarf, I would have looked more like a Muslim than him so that’s positive to dressing like a local and like a Muslim in Madinah!

Can non-muslims visit Madinah?, Ellie quinn in Medina Saudi Arabia

Where Can Non-Muslims Stay in Medina?

As I mentioned, I didn’t have any issues with being asked for documentation at any time and I was welcomed into my Madinah Hotel without any questions which was in a great location right next to Al-Masjid a Nabawi.

I stayed at Mawaddah Altaqwa Hotel which I really recommend.

I had an amazing view of Al-Masjid a Nabawi from my room, the room was clean and comfy with welcoming staff. It definitely gets used as a hotel for big groups visiting Medina on their Pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina but that was not a problem for me!

For more Medina Hotels for your trip, have a look at Booking.com here as there is a huge selection!

Can non-muslims visit Madinah?, Mawaddah Altaqwa Hote Medina Bedroom Window View

Did I Enjoy Visiting Medina as a Non-Muslim??

Yes, I did!

From the practical side, I really loved Medina because it was so easy to get around on the Hop-On, Hop-Off Bus and it was easy to walk around too. There were so many places to eat and a range of good accommodation .

Whereas the rest of Saudi Arabia is still building up to this level of tourism infrastructure, even in Riyadh and Jeddah.

Related Post: My Detailed Guide to Riyadh as a Tourist!

I also loved seeing so many people from different countries. I recognised people from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, the Philippines, Eygpt, African Countries and many more. I kept thinking about how special this visit is for them, a once in a lifetime visit for most, and that made me appreciate that I was there even more.

I also loved seeing what people were wearing and the clothes they wore traditionally to their own countries and culture and there was a lot more colour than in other places in Saudi Arabia.

Even as a Non-Muslim I could feel and appreciate the peacefulness of the streets and the Al-Haram. I went to Medina in the hope of learning more about Islam and I definitely did.

I researched a lot more whilst I was there and felt I understood more too because it really is an inspiring and special place.

Overall, I don’t think that Madinah should be visited by every person who decides to travel through Saudi Arabia .

I think if you are a Non-Muslim and you feel pulled to visit, you have respect for Islam and want to learn more then yes, like me, you should visit and based on my experience you will be ok and enjoy it as I did.

Despite the huge number of people who visit Medina it really is such a peaceful place. Many people told me this on my Instagram when I said I was going and I could see exactly what they meant when I was there.

If you are practising another religion then perhaps it is not a good idea to go, because this is the second holiest place in Islam after all!

Update: I actually became Muslim 5 months after visiting Madinah. Visiting Saudi Arabia but Madinah especially really sparked my interest in Islam and with Covid happening afterwards I was able to spend time learning more about Islam before becoming Muslim in August!

To SEE what it was like in Madinah as a Non-Muslim, have a watch of my YouTube video here !

For more of my blog posts on Saudi Arabia see:
How to Get from Jeddah to Madinah via Bus, Train & Flight.
Places To Visit in Madinah!
A Complete Tourists Guide to Old Jeddah / Al Balad Neighbourhood!
16 Things To Do in Riyadh as a Tourist, but like a Local!
ALL MY SAUDI ARABIA BLOG POSTS

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UMM E SALMA M. REHAN

Wednesday 10th of January 2024

This is what the purity of Madina is......it's a city of the Prophet Muahmmad SAWW and no wonder you were chosen by Allah to see yourself the peace and calmness in the path of Allah...congrats and I wish u remain steadfast in the path of Allah

Sunday 2nd of April 2023

Mecca and Medina are classified as a holy places stated in Quran. As like a corner inside our house there is a quite area to perform the prayer and shall not be used as something else accept worship. These also meant to be Mecca and Madina which non Muslim are prohibited to enter just because in Quran has stated it. Islam didn't say which race prohibited. You could be any race because Islam is not racist. You could be from any race or ethnic community who accepted Islam to be your religion. Islam is for all servant of Allah Al Mighty.

Rai Naveed Sultan

Tuesday 28th of March 2023

MashaAllah sister first of all mubarik on becoming a muslim. Islam in its core is such a peaceful way of living its totally divine and Madinah is a place which is out of this world I was recently there and the city has so much positive energy. The city is so calm and once you enter the prophet's mosque the energy keeps on increasing till you reach the peak of it in Riyazul Jannah.

Friday 10th of February 2023

Dear Sister in Islam

As a born Muslim, my heart yearns to visit Medinah, even though I have been there.

Pls do NOT think that you duped the Police / Security and that is how you got to Medinah. Or, your visit was by chance If Allah SWT did not want you there, there was no way that you could even come as close to the Haram in Medinah, as you did.

Moreover, you will only set foot in Medinah, if the beloved Prophet of Islam SAW calls You. There are many Muslims with loads of money, but it's not your money that takes you to Medinah, but the Prophet calling / inviting you to his city.

As someone who lives in crime ridden South Africa, I now of the serenity of Medinah, as you speak of. Just seeing the Green Dome of the Prophets Mosque gives my heart so much peace.

Medinah can NEVER become a tourist attraction for Non Muslims to visit.

As Ahmed Deedat of South Africa said, "Every place has a Visa or Entry requirement and the Visa for Medinah is the Shahadah.

Monday 10th of October 2022

Hi. I am from Italy. Christian, not muslim. I have tried to book a room in many hotels around the Haram, pointing not to be muslim, and every hotel says that not muslim are not allowed in the inner area of Madinah and not allowed inside the hotels too! How did you make the reservation? Via booking.com or on the spot?

TheWanderingQuinn

Tuesday 11th of October 2022

I booked it on booking.com before I arrived and when I arrived I looked as if I was Muslim so I think that's why I didn't get questioned. When I went though, not as many non-muslims were going so things might have changed with the hotels so maybe look further out away from the mosque.

Why Planes Don't Fly Over These Places

I t's hard to fathom just how much commercial airplanes have changed travel in the century since their invention. Prior to their rise, people's options for far-away travel were much more limited than now. They had to rely on ocean liners to cross the Atlantic or Pacific, or railroads for long-distance domestic travel, which sometimes took days or even weeks. This made long-distance travel impractical for those who could not afford to take significant time off work or school, and a cruise across the Atlantic wasn't exactly cheap, either.

Enter the commercial airplane, which revolutionized the tourism industry within just a few decades. While at first aircraft travel was largely reserved for the wealthy, after the end of WWII it started to become more accessible to more people. With the rise of jet engine-powered aircraft in the 1960s-1970s, even average Joes could now afford to fly, and planes could cover in a few hours what used to take weeks. The commercial airline industry started booming, and today some even take up flying as a hobby in their personal aircraft and helicopters or fly vicariously through drones.

However, not every place is open to air travel, commercial or otherwise, and some areas are heavily restricted or are largely avoided by most aircraft. Reasons vary, from environmental, to security, to urban legend, and not always in places you might expect. From Machu Picchu to the Bermuda Triangle, here's why planes don't fly over these places.

Machu Picchu

History fans are likely familiar with the Incan ruins of Machu Picchu in Peru. They are a testament to the Inca civilization that existed centuries ago and are thought to date back to the 15–16th centuries. The name Machu Picchu stands for "old peak," and it is one of Peru's biggest tourist draws. Machu Picchu is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is located among the Cordillera de Vilcabamba range of the Andes Mountains, near Cuzco.

The site of Machu Picchu is huge and includes massive structures, a cemetery, and a temple, and is at the end of the vastly popular Inca trail. As you can imagine, people from everywhere in the world visit Machu Picchu on vacation, which has had both positive and negative impacts. On one hand, the increased revenue allows for the ruins to be preserved and taken care of. On the other, there have been environmental consequences.

According to the BBC , in 2006 the Peruvian government created a no-fly zone around Machu Picchu in response to low-flying helicopter tours. Environmentalists claimed the tours had the potential to hurt the indigenous fauna and flora in the area. The tours had previously been approved in the 1990s and had only been reallowed for barely a week before being given the ax again. The entire area is now off-limits for aircraft and helicopters in an effort to preserve the site for future tourism, so new generations will always be able to experience the famous ruins.

Mecca And Medina, Saudi Arabia

Located in Saudi Arabia, the holy cities of Mecca and Medina have some of the most important sites in all of Islam . These include the Kaaba and the Great Mosque in Mecca, and the Prophet Muhammad's Mosque in Medina. Every year, millions of Muslims visit Mecca as part of the "hajj," which means pilgrimage, because it is said to be the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad. However, not everyone is allowed into Mecca, and entry is restricted to only followers of Islam. Still, people visit the cities from just about everywhere on the globe, and they are very important for Saudi Arabian tourism.

As the custodians of Mecca, the Saudi Arabian government takes the security and safety of the city and its people very seriously. In addition to deciding who can enter the city, they also heavily police the cities' airspace, too. As the Agence France-Presse explains, not only are foreigners circumscribed from touching the soil in Mecca, but they are also not allowed in the city's airspace, meaning they can't fly over the city, either.

In addition, both the Great Mosque in Mecca and the Prophet's Mosque in Medina are considered no-fly zones. This is strictly enforced by the Saudi government and covers both Muslims and non-believers alike. The only exceptions to this are helicopters, which are occasionally allowed to fly over the city for news reports or to enforce safety.

The Taj Mahal

A relic of the Mughal Empire from centuries past, the Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, has long been one of the most sought out tourist destinations in the world. It dates back all the way to the 17th century, and it is widely known for its incredible Mughal-era architecture and decorations. The Taj Mahal itself is a giant mausoleum for Mumtaz Mahal, a former 17th-century empress, but that is not the complex's only building. There are also mosques, gardens, and even a museum, and it is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Until the 2010s, there were no official restrictions on the airspace surrounding the Taj Mahal, but that changed following a series of complaints. According to The Times of India , in 2015, both archeologists and the Taj Mahal's security service requested that an official no-fly zone be instituted after the Indian military had violated the airspace in the mausoleum's immediate vicinity multiple times, though one of them may have been an accident.

By 2019, the Taj Mahal had secured status as a no-fly zone, but authorities still found themselves warning drone operators who were flying within the no-fly zone (via NDTV ). In early 2022, what may have been a commercial aircraft was seen flying above the Taj Mahal, prompting more outcries from archeologists and security officials. Someone captured footage of the airplane flying over the building, which they uploaded to Twitter , showing what may have been a commercial jet.

Washington, D.C.

Considering all of the important governmental installations inside Washington, D.C., including the White House , both houses of Congress, and the many museums and monuments, it's no surprise that it has some of the most restricted air space in the entire world. As the FAA explains, the city is regulated by a "Special Flight Rules Area" (SFRA), that consists of a 30-mile radius outer ring and a 15-mile radius inner ring. The rings are centered on the Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, which is located just across the Potomac River from the White House.

Travel within the 15-mile inner ring, which is designated as the "Flight Restricted Zone" (FRZ), is especially controlled, and even unmanned aircraft like drones are banned from flying (per the FAA) . Drones are allowed between the inner and outer rings, but only if they meet several requirements. Commercial airlines flying to Ronald Reagan Airport are allowed within the FRZ without a waiver, but everyone else needs explicit FAA clearance before entering or exiting.

It is possible to get a waiver if you are a civilian aircraft, but you are probably going to need a pretty good reason to do so, as the FAA is widely concerned with making sure all politicians in D.C. are amply protected from any potential incidents. Flying over the White House is pretty much only allowed for the president or those on official presidential business. Penalties for violating the SFRA-FRZ include both civil and criminal consequences and monetary fines.

North Korea

To call relations between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the United States poor is an understatement, to say the least. Since 1945, Korea has been divided at the 38th parallel, with the U.S. supporting the Republic of Korea in the south. Though the Korean War officially ended with an armistice in 1953, tensions have always remained high between the North and the South.

As a result, the FAA does not allow any U.S. civilian aircraft to come anywhere close to the DPRK's capitol at Pyongyang. The FAA first instituted their restrictions in 1997, and they have only gotten more restrictive since then as tensions have grown (per the FAA via the Federal Register ). Since 2014, the DPRK has been launching missiles from Pyongyang into the Sea of Japan unannounced, while also jamming navigation and communication networks. This presents a very serious problem for civilian aircraft, as they have no way of knowing when a test might kick-off, and if they experience one, their communications and navigation might not work properly.

In 2022, the FAA put out a release (hosted by OPSGROUP ) that mentioned an increase in the frequency of ballistic missile launches from the DPRK and also made some even more chilling observations. The release suggested that the DPRK could potentially be testing nuclear missiles in the area, the consequences of which would be disastrous if they hit a U.S. civil aircraft.

One of the unforeseen consequences of the Russian invasion of Ukraine has been the restriction of civil aircraft into and out of the country. The Russians invaded Ukraine in early 2022, and almost immediately Ukraine responded by shutting down civil air access. The measure was done out of precaution, to ensure that no civilian aircraft were mistaken as military and inadvertently shot down by opposing troops. Tragically, this happened in 2014 during the prior Russian invasion of Ukraine, when a flight from Malaysian Airlines (MH17) was shot down by Russian forces, killing almost 300 civilians.

In addition to the restriction of civilian aircraft, there have also been discussions about implementing an official military no-fly zone over the area of conflict in Ukraine while the war is going on. The President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky has asked the U.S. and NATO to implement and enforce a no-fly zone, but they have so far rejected calls to do so. Their reasoning is that enforcing a no-fly zone would be no easy task, and it also risks escalating the war.

As well, the potential for a Russian-NATO clash to flare up from a downed aircraft in a no-fly zone is enormous, and Russian President Vladimir Putin has warned that creating one would escalate the war internationally. In addition, no-fly zones are extremely costly to enforce, averaging more than $1 billion annually, making it even more prohibitive to introduce and maintain.

Most people probably do not realize it, but in the United States alone there are over 160 active volcanoes. The most well-known is probably Mount St. Helens located in Washington, which famously erupted on May 18, 1980, captivating the nation with its awe-inspiring natural devastation. As incredible as it sounds, the Smithsonian Institution claims that worldwide there are usually double-digit numbers of volcanoes exploding at any given time, including right now.

As you can likely surmise, trying to fly through a volcano is an absolutely terrible idea. As the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) explained in a 2012 report, just being in the area of a volcanic explosion is very dangerous for virtually any aircraft. The hard glass particles and pulverized rock are capable of inflicting serious damage to the outside of an aircraft, and could potentially even obscure the pilots' vision by damaging the windshield. In addition, the air inside of the cabin also has the potential to be contaminated by volcanic ash, and the electrical system is also at risk of short-circuiting.

That doesn't even take into account the engine, which is also very susceptible to damage from volcanic ash. Not only could the glass and rock damage the engine internally after getting sucked in, but due to the low melting point of volcanic ash, it could also cause the engine to completely fail. In short, flying toward an erupting volcano is about the worst thing you could try when behind the controls of an airplane.

Bermuda Triangle

For nearly a century, bizarre and unexplained disappearances within the Bermuda Triangle in the southern Atlantic Ocean have made it one of the most mysterious places on Earth. The intrigue dates back to 1945 when 27 Navy Fliers on "Flight 19" went missing under perplexing circumstances. One afternoon, five Navy bombers had left Florida on a training exercise that was to take them through the triangle, but they never returned.

Transmissions from their attempted return flight indicated they were off-course and lost over the ocean, and when they stopped communicating the Navy sent two rescue planes to investigate. Yet, one of the rescue planes also disappeared, and no trace was found of any of them. Ever since, legends have grown about the supernatural and enigmatic nature of the triangle, which include several other disappearances, and even a few Hollywood films. While it's not an official no-fly zone, countless people are wary of traveling in the area, and many avoid it completely.

However, more reasonable explanations point to the extreme weather conditions in the triangle instead of supernatural events as responsible for most crashes and disappearances, and it appears that's what may have happened to "Flight 19." The Associated Press (via The New York Times ) reported the next day that Navy officials had determined the plane had been blown off course from severe winds. In addition, a witness saw a plane explode and vanish into the ocean, indicating they may have crashed into each other in a horrific accident.

One of the most difficult aspects of being a good pilot is learning to fly in all types of weather and environmental conditions. Undoubtedly, one of the most challenging of those is trying to fly through mountainous terrain. Everything from the changing wind, to the density and pressure of the air, to the changing temperatures, all contribute to making mountain flying very dangerous and difficult to master. That's why flying in the country of Nepal, situated among the Himalayan Mountains, can be such an arduous task.

According to Bloomberg , from 2012–2022 more than 130 people died in 10 different crashes flying in Nepal, and that doesn't include the other 10 plane crashes with survivors. Authorities pointed to the difficult terrain, extreme elevation, and changing weather conditions as catalysts for the majority of the crashes and accidents. Over a similar period from 2009–2018, there were 21 fatal accidents from various types of aircraft that killed more than 150 people (via a 2019 report from the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal ). The country sure is beautiful and is a constant destination for tourists, but getting there safely by air is an unfortunate challenge.

Disneyland And Disney World

Since the 1950s, Americans have been able to experience the magic of Walt Disney in person by visiting either the Disneyland amusement park or Disney World resort complex. Disneyland, located near Anaheim, California, came first in 1955, and Disney World, in Orlando, Florida, opened a few years later in 1971. Today, millions of people visit each park individually, and they are some of the most popular family-friendly tourist destinations in the entire world.

It might sound surprising, but ever since the September 11, 2001 terror attacks in New York City, both Disneyland and Disney World have been considered official no-fly zones. According to the FAA's Disneyland Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) and Disney World NOTAM , the no-fly zones extend for a 3-mile radius from each park and cover up to 3,000 feet in elevation. They are both considered "National Defense Airspace," and both manned and unmanned aircraft, including drones, are prohibited from flying within it.

However, it might not be that way for long. As part of Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis and the GOP's feud against Disney , conservative lawmakers have attempted to introduce legislation to strip Disney's no-fly zone status away. The legislation was introduced by Rep. Troy Nehls from Texas and had several co-sponsors, but it was never voted on and was never been implemented.

The Russian Invasion of Ukraine in 2022 did not just affect air travel within Ukraine, but it turns out it is also affecting civilian air travel in Russia, too. Aircraft registered to many Western nations, including the United States, Canada, and Britain, are all prohibited from entering any part of Russian airspace. This has been the case since shortly after the Russian invasion began, and was done as a response to Western nations banning Russian airplanes from their airspace.

While this was done as a punitive measure by Russian President Vladimir Putin, it's probably something most Western nations would have imposed on their registered aircraft, anyways. This is because, similar to Ukraine, the likelihood of a mistake occurring and a civilian liner being inadvertently shot down is just too much of a risk to take. This danger has been highlighted by some of the conflicts that have occurred in Russian airspace in the year since the invasion began, which include drone crashes and other harassment between Russian and Western aircraft.

The ban from Russian airspace has affected travel routes not just to Russia, but to other destinations around the globe. This is because, as The New York Times explains, some airliners are forced to take alternative routes that are less fuel efficient, leading to unnecessary stops and half-full planes. There are still some foreign aircraft allowed in Russian airspace, and they have been able to take advantage of shorter routes, potentially costing the American airline industry billions each year.

Read this next: Daredevils Who Lost Their Lives During Insane Stunts

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Why Are Only Muslims Allowed to Visit Mecca?
Mecca is a city of terrific importance in Islamic tradition. It is a center of pilgrimage and prayer -- a sacred place where Muslims are free from the distractions of daily life. Only Muslims are allowed to visit the holy city of Mecca and enter its inner sanctum, the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and Islam.
Makkah
Discover the Makkah Province, the heart of Islam and the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad. Explore the sacred city of Makkah, the historical sites of Jeddah, and the natural wonders of Taif. Learn how to plan your trip, get your eVisa, and experience the culture and heritage of Saudi Arabia.
What are the requirements for travelling to Mecca? meccamedina.net
The following requirements to travel to the Mecca are quite , such as being healthy and being an adult, means mature, in order to understand the meaning of the pilgrimage to Mecca. In addition, the believer must be free and be able to make the pilgrimage without any problem at all. Another group of the requirements to travel to Mecca is of a ...
A Trip To Mecca: The Best Guide For Muslim Tourists
It is located in the center of Mecca and is home to the Kaaba, the most sacred object in Islam. • Explore the Old City: The Old City of Mecca is full of history and culture. wander through the narrow streets and alleyways and soak up the atmosphere. Be sure to visit the King Fahd Gate, one of the city's most iconic landmarks.
Mecca Visitors Guide: Makkah, Saudi Arabia
The Ka'aba. Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The Ka'aba (literally "the cube" in Arabic) is an ancient stone structure that was built and re-built by prophets as a house of monotheistic worship. It is located in the interior courtyard of the Grand Mosque. The Ka'aba is considered the center of the Muslim world, and is a unifying focal point for Islamic ...
Mecca
For other places with the same name, see Mecca (disambiguation). Mecca, officially known as Makkah al-Mukarramah ( Arabic: مكة المكرمة, Makkah al-Mukarramah ), is a city in Saudi Arabia and the holiest city in Islam. Mecca is the birthplace of Prophet Muhammed, the founder of Islam, and Muslims believe the Qur'an was first revealed to ...
What is hajj? A guide to the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca
This year's hajj is expected to return to pre-pandemic levels. In 2019, nearly 2.5 million Muslims, including around 20,000 U.S. citizens, partook in the five-day pilgrimage, The Associated Press ...
Mecca travel
Mecca. Saudi Arabia, Middle East. Mecca is only accessible by Muslims, who often describe the moment they first lay eyes on the city's sacred Kaaba as an overwhelmingly emotional experience. For those living outside the Kingdom, a visit to Mecca - generally spelt 'Makkah' by Muslims and in Saudi Arabia - is a lifelong dream.
What Muslims Do on Hajj, and Why
By Diaa Hadid. Sept. 8, 2016. JIDDA, Saudi Arabia — It is incumbent upon every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to do so to travel to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Islam's holiest site, at least once ...
Saudi Arabia lifts a ban on foreign pilgrims heading to Mecca
Aug. 10, 2021. BEIRUT, Lebanon — Saudi Arabia has resumed allowing travelers from abroad to make a pilgrimage to Mecca, the kingdom announced this week, a new easing of the restrictions imposed ...
BBC
Many pilgrims fly to Jeddah, and then travel to Mecca by bus. Once you get to Mecca, there are two rituals which you can perform; the lesser pilgrimage or Umra, and the main pilgrimage or Hajj.
What Are The Strict Rules To Follow When Visiting Mecca, Saudi Arabia?
To participate in The Hajj, one must be a Muslim. Non-Muslims are strictly prohibited from entering Mecca. Men and women from all walks of life, colors, and nations participate in this annual pilgrimage. It is a powerful demonstration of unity among Muslims, providing an opportunity to connect with diverse cultures and languages.
Hajj, the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, explained for non-Muslims
At this moment in mid-August, 1.5 million people from dozens of countries around the world are in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to perform the hajj, the Islamic religious pilgrimage. It's a huge event ...
How to Pilgrimage to Mecca
Step 3. Enter the city of Mecca respectfully after reporting to a miqat on the outskirts of the city where you'll don two strips of white cloth known as the ihram if you're a man. Choose a ...
What to Know Before Visiting Mecca
The central spot in the world for all Muslims, Mecca is a city that's always closed for non-believers. In fact, traveling there as a Christian is punishable by law, and transgressors are promptly fined and deported. However, there are certain details even Muslim visitors should know before coming to the holiest site of Islam. 1.
Mecca
Mecca (/ ˈ m ɛ k ə /; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city in Islam. It is 70 km (43 mi) inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley 277 m (909 ft) above sea level.Its last recorded population was 2,385,509 in 2022. Its metropolitan population in 2022 is 2.4 ...
Can non-Muslims go to Mecca or Madina? Can Tourists Enter?
When the question arises, ' Can non-Muslims go to Mecca ' the answer is No. Non-Muslims are not allowed to enter the holy cities of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The reasons for this restriction are deeply rooted in the Islamic faith and history. Mecca and Medina are considered the holiest cities in Islam and are revered by Muslims worldwide.
Mecca
Most tourists and pilgrims visit Mecca during the somewhat cooler winter months and avoid the city during the hottest period (June-August). Mecca sees almost no precipitation and winds are usually very calm which, coupled with the extreme temperatures, can make the city scorching hot, so be sure to stay hydrated and avoid too much sun exposure.
Mecca
Mecca, city, western Saudi Arabia, located in the Ṣirāt Mountains, inland from the Red Sea coast. It is the holiest of Muslim cities. Muhammad, the founder of Islam, was born in Mecca, and it is toward this religious centre that Muslims turn five times daily in prayer (see qiblah).
Kaaba
The Kaaba, sometimes referred to as al-Ka'ba al-Musharrafa, is a stone building at the center of Islam's most important mosque and holiest site, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is considered by Muslims to be the Bayt Allah (Arabic: بَيْت ٱللَّٰه, lit. 'House of God') and is the qibla (Arabic: قِبْلَة, direction of prayer) for Muslims around the world.
Can you visit Mecca as a tourist?
Mecca, also known as Makkah, located in western Saudi Arabia, is the holiest city in Islam . More than three million Muslims visit this city during the month of Dhul-Hijjah every year for the Hajj pilgrimage, and many others also make smaller pilgrimages or perform Umrah during other times of the year.
Why Is Mecca Important To Muslims?
Mecca, or Makkah, is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, the final messenger of Allah. He was born in the Year of the Elephant, marking 570 AD on the Gregorian calendar. As the "Seal of the Prophets," his mission was to convey Allah's message to humanity. The revelation of the Quran and the establishment of Islamic teachings began ...
How To Visit Madinah/Medina as a Non-Muslim! Is It Possible??
Just seeing the Green Dome of the Prophets Mosque gives my heart so much peace. Medinah can NEVER become a tourist attraction for Non Muslims to visit. As Ahmed Deedat of South Africa said, "Every place has a Visa or Entry requirement and the Visa for Medinah is the Shahadah. Roberto. Monday 10th of October 2022. Hi.
Why Planes Don't Fly Over These Places
Every year, millions of Muslims visit Mecca as part of the "hajj," which means pilgrimage, because it is said to be the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad. However, not everyone is allowed into ...
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