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Everything You want to Know about the Kindle Voyage

19 September 2014 By Michael Kozlowski 20 Comments

Many companies involved in the e-reader sector are paying attention to what Amazon has created with the new Kindle Voyage. This new device has a number of innovative hardware features such as Page Press and the front-lite controlled by an ambient light sensor. Amazon has also developed exciting new software that even allows you share content with family members. Has Amazon set the bar so high now that no one else can compete?

The Kindle Voyage features a six inch e-ink carta display with a resolution of 1430 x 1080. It has 300 PPI, which is the highest we have ever seen for an e-reader. The upcoming Kobo H20 has a 6.8 inch screen with the same resolution but a lower 265ppi. The Barnes and Noble Nook Glowlight is the most affordable one, but only has a resolution of 1024 x 758 and 212 PPI.

Lets face it, people are used to interacting with touhscreen smartphones and tablets on a daily basis. All prior Kindle models had a sunken screen and employed infrared touch. The Voyage has the screen completely flush with the bezel, which is the same sort of tech that the Kobo Aura and Tolino Shine used. A capacitive touchscreen allows for better interaction and better pinch and zoom capabilities.

Instead of physical page turn buttons, the new Kindle Voyage has a feature called PagePress. This is a custom-designed force sensor made of carbon and silver, which reacts to a subtle increase of pressure, triggers a page-turn, and provides a haptic response only your thumb can perceive. Because PagePress has no moving parts, the haptics provide you with the most minimal indication that you have pressed the button, to reduce distraction from reading.

The Kindle Paperwhite 2 had one of the best illuminated screens in the world. Unlike tablets and smartphones that have light emitting from behind the screen, most e-readers have five small LED lights on the bottom of the bezel that project light evenly access the screen. Many companies got this technology wrong, by having splotches all over the screen, or by a pale blue hue, as seen on the Nook Simple Touch with Glowlight. The new adaptive front light automatically adjusts the brightness of the display based on your environment, and can even be fine-tuned further to your personal preferences. When reading in the dark, the adaptive front light slowly lowers the display’s brightness over time to match the way the eye responds to darkness.”

According to The Verge “The ambient setting is actually smarter than you’d expect. If it detects you’re reading in the dark — say, in bed — it will slowly lower the brightness. The idea is that your eyes naturally adjust to darkness over time, so what seems bright enough at first will be too bright once your pupils dilate. It’s a thoughtful, clever feature, and Amazon also says that you can fine tune the behavior if you don’t like the default.”

Sure, the hardware is really good on the new Voyage, but what improvements has Amazon made on software front? Likely the most important one is the Kindle Family Library, which allows users connect their Amazon accounts to share content with family members. The new feature “links your Amazon account to that of your spouse or partner so you can easily share apps, games, audiobooks, books, and Prime Instant Video content,” according to the company. What is even better about the sharing program is that Amazon says it will work across Amazon devices and Amazon’s third-party apps for platforms including iOS and Android. It can link the accounts of two adults, who can, in turn, manage up to four child accounts.

Amazon has also improved their internal searching feature to work smoother when browsing the Kindle Store to discover new books. It previews results based on your past purchases and GoodReads. In addition Amazon has added a small timer on the books you are reading. Based on your reading habits it will let you know how long it will take you to complete the chapter or the book itself. Take THAT traditional page numbers! I really like the About the Book function, which tells you all about the author and if the eBook apart of an established series.

Amazon has many advantages over their competitors. Apple sees the iBooks business as an afterthought. During their entire iPhone event they never mentioned their bookstore once. Barnes and Noble is floundering, continuing to lose money and is still piggy backing technology from late last year. Kobo is going to release their H20 e-reader very soon and is likely going to generate strong revenue. Many of the smaller companies such as Onyx, Ectaco, Tolino, Bookeen and Pocketbook are very hard to come by. They are mainly sold by small websites in Poland, France or Russia. Shipping alone to the US or UK is enough to frighten off any prospective buyers.

When you buy the Voyage e-reader you are going to have access to over 600,000 titles, by legitimate bestselling authors and indie ones. It has arguably the best eBook social networking site, in the form of GoodReads firmly integrated into the entire eBook discovery experience. I think one of the big strengths of Amazon, that no one really talks about is their user review system. Whenever someone leaves a written review, its automatically populated in their e-readers, tablets, apps or websites. Companies like Kobo fetch their reviews from 3rd parties, and even their Android app is comprised of reviews left just on that specific platform.

Michael Kozlowski

Michael Kozlowski is the editor-in-chief at Good e-Reader and has written about audiobooks and e-readers for the past fifteen years. Newspapers and websites such as the CBC, CNET, Engadget, Huffington Post and the New York Times have picked up his articles. He Lives in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

LightCorp Voyage LED Task Light

Call 619-546-0872

Voyage is your high performance, yet subtle workspace companion. Its linear arms and joints flow gently into a broadened head shade that shields bright LEDs from view. An integrated USB port in the base conveniently charges mobile devices. Voyage unites functional ergonomics with timeless aesthetics with its full articulation, extended reach, and dimmable touch technology. All secured in a small, 6″ desktop footprint.

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Voyage is your high performance, yet subtle workspace companion. Its linear arms and joints flow gently into a broadened head shade that shields bright LEDs from view. An integrated USB port in the base charges mobile devices. Voyage unites functional ergonomics with timeless aesthetics with its full articulation, extended reach, and dimmable touch technology.

FEATURES • Single touch on/off and touch-and-hold continuous dimming pad with last state memory. • The optional occupancy sensor will turn the fixture off after 30 minutes of inactivity and back on as the user re-enters the workspace. If occupant is present, the light will remain on. • Fixture arm is attached to the base and ships assembled. • Knuckle tension is adjustable with an allen wrench. • A properly diffused light source under the linear head provides a softly blended light pattern that reduces eye strain. • The arm and head can be used universally with any of the six mounting options.

• ESD Chairs and Stools
• ESD Workbenches
• Laboratory Footrests

Replica of The Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery

Introduction.

Text-to-speech Audio

Original portrait of the Susan Constant, one of the three vessels leading to the founding of the Jamestown Colony.

Replica ship Susan Constant in port at Jamestown Settlement by Warfieldian on Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)

Engraving of Captain John Smith, in his book "The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles," 1624 (public domain)

Jamestown Settlement Ship replicas, courtesy of Jamestown Settlement & American Revolution Museum at Yorktown (reproduced under Fair Use)

Backstory and Context

Three Virginia Company ships sailed from London on December 20, 1606, carrying 105 passengers and 39 crew members. The largest of the ships, the Susan Constant or Sarah Constant (116'), carried 71 people; the Godspeed (88'), captained by Bartolomew Gosnold, carried 52; the pinnace Discovery (66') , captained by John Ratcliffe, carried 21. The Susan Constant had been built in London in 1605 and was leased Dapper, Wheatley, Colthurst and Partners. The ships sat in the English channel for weeks waiting for favorable winds. The leader of the voyage was Captain Christopher Newport, a British sea captain who "was elevated to the rank of principal master of the Royal Navy in 1606, the same year that he was chosen by the Virginia Company to lead a colonizing mission to the New World" (Albert, 2016). The fleet entered Virginia's Chesapeake Bay in April of 1607.

Upon arrival, Newport was named one of the seven-person government of the settlement, named Jamestown for King James I and established on May 13, 1607. Between 1606 and 1611, Newport led a total of five voyages between Virginia and England, bringing supplies and additional settlers back to the fledgling colony (Albert, 2016). Once Newport led the colonists back to England to report to King James, those left behind suffered greatly from hunger and illness, as well as the constant threat of attack by members of local Algonquian tribes, most of which were organized under Chief Powhatan. "An understanding reached between Powhatan and John Smith led the settlers to establish much-needed trade with Powhatan’s tribe by early 1608" (History.com, 2012).

Accused of mutiny during the settling of Jamestown, John Smith was imprisoned on the Susan Constant . According to sources, he was able to communicate with some of the ship's passengers along the voyages to Jamestown.  On June 10th, Smith was finally released from the first prison of Virginia aboard the Susan Constant . Soon after, Smith was part of the effort to overthrow colony president Edward Wingfield (biography.com, 2014). After a new group of settlers arrived in 1610, tobacco became Virginia’s first profitable export, and a period of peace followed the marriage of colonist John Rolfe to Pocahontas, the daughter of an Algonquian chief Powhatan. King James I dissolved the Virginia Company and made Virginia into an official crown colony, with Jamestown as its capital, in 1624 (History.com, 2010). 

After the initial settlement, the Susan Constant and The Godspeed made several more trips between Jamestown and England in the service of the Virginia Company. Afterward, they made have returned to service as colliers, or ships for transporting coal. The Discovery was purchased by the Muscovy Company and continued to trade around Virginia, and the last mention of it was around 1611.

The Commonwealth of Virginia financed $2.14 million for the creation of a replica of the Susan Constant . The production of the replica, completed in 1991, was led by Robert G.C. Fee, the Naval Architect for the Newport News Shipbuilding Company. Valuable information on the original Susan Constant 's dimensions came from court documents detailed a minor collision between the ship and another on the River Thames. The Susan Constant replica sailed around Chesapeake Bay in 2007 as part of the Jamestown settlement's 400th anniversary celebrations.

A replica of the Godspeed was built between 2004 and 2006, and a replica of the Discovery followed in 2007. The Virginia General Assembly declared the three replicas the "official fleet of the Commonwealth."

Albert, Melissa. Christopher Newport: British Sea Captain. Encyclopedia Britannica. August 03, 2016. Accessed November 15, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Newport. 

Biography. John Smith. Biography.com. November 10, 2014. Accessed November 15, 2017. https://www.biography.com/people/john-smith-9486928.

Coughlin, Bill. Discovery, Historical Marker Database. June 16th 2016. Accessed March 15th 2020. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=40253.

Coughlin, Bill. Godspeed, Historical Marker Database. June 16th 2016. Accessed March 15th 2020. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=40254.

Coughlin, Bill. Susan Constant, Historical Marker Database. June 16th 2016. Accessed March 15th 2020. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=40252.

History.com. Jamestown Colony. 2010. Accessed November 15, 2017. http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown.

Jamestown Settlement & American Revolution Museum at Yorktown. Jamestown Settlement Ships: Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery, Jamestown Settlement. Accessed March 15th 2020. https://www.historyisfun.org/jamestown-settlement/jamestown-ships/.

National Park Service. What Happened to the Three Ships?, Historic Jamestowne. February 26th 2015. Accessed March 14th 2020. https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/what-happened-to-the-three-ships.htm.

Smithsonian National Museum of American History. Ship Model, Susan Constant (1998.0227.01), On the Water. Accessed March 15th 2020. https://americanhistory.si.edu/onthewater/collection/1998.0227.01.html.

Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Susan Constant. Last Edited September 15, 2017. Accessed November 15, 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Constant.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JamestownShips.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Smith_(explorer)#/media/File:Houghton_STC_22790_-_Generall_Historie_of_Virginia,_New_England,_and_the_Summer_Isles,_John_Smith.jpg

https://www.historyisfun.org/jamestown-settlement/jamestown-ships/

Additional Information

• WINCH LED / PIXEL
• Winch XS Wire
• Driver LED (static)
• Driver PIXEL (static)
• Sphere 17 / 9
• Triangle Rod
• Space Frame
• MIRROR DISC
• Video Panel
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• MIRROR SPHERE 40 / 30
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• Balloon Light
• KL TERMINAL PC
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• 2022 ABBA VOYAGE
• 2019 UNIVERSE
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• 2018 CONSTELLATION
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• 2018 KINETIC SHOES
• 2017 Mirror-Mirror
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• 2016 DEEP WEB
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• 2015 - 2016 GRID XL
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• 2016 GRID Live
• 2016 GRID △
• 2015-2016 WAVE S
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• 2015 The Twist
• 2015 CONSTELLATION
• 2015 Balloon Lights
• 2015 SPACEFRAME
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• 2012 Constellation
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• 2011 Crystal
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• 2005 – 2015 Atom

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Abba voyage.

Our work for Swedish pop superstars ABBA is currently the largest and most complex permanent kinetic lighting installation in the world. It is this lighting that connects the physical with the digital in the all-new ABBA Voyage concert arena. And it plays a key role in this show, which is unlike anything audiences have ever experienced before. “Breathtaking. A triumph,” to quote The Guardian.

Part of the kinetic light installation for ABBA Voyage is a reinterpretation of our large-scale art installation SKALAR. Moving mirrors and light reflections as well as a new type of LED pixel strings are combined to create a huge three-dimensional light display. Almost 700 powered winches of two different types cover an area of 2.500m2 and a volume of 2.5000m3. With 30.000 individually controllable and additionally spatially moving light points, this installation is currently probably the largest and most complex permanent kinetic light installation in the world.

WHITEvoid and KINETIC LIGHTS were responsible for the design and planning of the kinetic show as well as for the complete production of the hardware and programming of the kinetic show part. The unprecedented size and complexity of the system also required a complete redevelopment of the control software. For this purpose, a new function was integrated into the Kinetics Control Software KLC that allows 30.000 RGB LED light points to be generatively moved and animated freely in space in real time.

Another software innovation is the transfer of the kinetic position data to a 3D software to extend the visualisation into the virtual space of the large-format ABBA Voyage screen. The 3D simulation multiplies the physical kinetic light points to almost infinity. This effect was developed and implemented in close cooperation with the world-famous 3D animation studio ILM (Industrial Light & Magic).

Our special thanks go to ABBA, the director of the show Baillie Walsh and the producers Svana Gisla and Ludvig Andersson, who planned and realised this mammoth kinetic project together with us for almost 3 years.

History for Kids

Age of Discovery

The Age of Discovery, also referred to as the Age of Exploration, was a remarkable period spanning from the early 1400s to the early 1600s. During this time, powerful European nations embarked on grand voyages across the oceans in search of new trade routes and lands to conquer. This era not only reshaped maps but also introduced Europeans to previously unexplored cultures and territories. Let’s navigate through the key aspects of this transformative period.

Table of Contents

Prelude to Discovery 

Long before the official Age of Discovery, various nations worldwide, particularly during the Middle Ages, initiated explorations to seek new routes for the lucrative spice and silk trades. 

One of the most famous explorers of this era was Marco Polo, whose extensive travels across Asia from 1271 to 1295 were documented in “The Travels of Marco Polo.”

However, in 1453, the Ottoman Empire’s control of Constantinople blocked European access to key trade routes, prompting European nations to turn their gaze toward the sea.

Portuguese Expedition 

Portuguese explorers were pioneers of European overseas exploration. Portugal’s interest in maritime voyages dates back to 1317, influenced by inland problems like the bubonic plague, wars, and droughts.

By 1415, Portuguese expeditions had reached and occupied parts of Africa, establishing dominance in navigation, warfare, and trade.

Between 1497 and 1502, Vasco da Gama’s voyage led to the discovery of India and Brazil, laying the foundation for Portugal’s enduring colonial empire in Asia.

Portugal’s control over the Indian Ocean secured a monopoly on the spice trade and facilitated interactions with traders from China, Japan, Java, Bengal, Persia, and Arabia.

In essence, Portugal emerged as the world’s first global sea power.

Spanish Expedition 

Christopher Columbus, sailing under the Spanish flag, made significant voyages, landing in the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama’s Almirante Bay.

To avoid conflicts over newly discovered lands, Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, dividing the world between them.

Spain continued to establish settlements in the New World, including New Granada, Peru, Buenos Aires, and Santiago, under the support of the Spanish crown.

The expedition led by Portuguese national Ferdinand Magellan, backed by Spain, successfully circumnavigated the globe in 1522 under the leadership of Juan Sebastián Elcano.

Interested to Learn More about the Ancient Aztecs?

English Expedition 

Following Spain and Portugal’s successes, England, under King Henry VII, commissioned John Cabot in 1496 to seek a route to Asia via the North Atlantic.

Cabot reached the coast of Newfoundland but did not establish a colony. Eighty-one years later, Francis Drake completed the second circumnavigation of the world during a single expedition from 1577 to 1580.

Throughout the 1600s, England established American colonies primarily relying on slave labor. In 1607, Captain John Smith founded Jamestown, England’s first permanent settlement in the Americas, setting the stage for England’s emergence as a dominant European empire.

Until the abolition of the slave trade in 1807, England transported 3.5 million African slaves to the Americas, accounting for 75% of all transatlantic slave transport.

French Expedition 

Competing with Spain, Portugal, and later Britain, France, led by King Francis I, established colonies in North America, the Caribbean, and India in the 17th century.

Explorer Jacques Cartier was sent to explore Newfoundland and the St. Lawrence River in 1534, leading to the founding of New France. This marked the first European exploration into North America’s interior.

France’s colonies in the Americas were primarily focused on economic interests, distinguishing them from other colonial powers more engaged in the slave trade.

The French expedition expanded to the West Indies, West Africa, and India, creating trading posts and colonies.

Impact of the Age of Discovery 

The Age of Discovery fostered cultural interactions and globalized economies. However, European occupation also brought diseases, wars, and the near-extinction of native settlements.

Additionally, this era witnessed extensive European involvement in the transatlantic slave trade, resulting in the transportation of around 10 million African slaves to the Americas.

Map Illustrating Exploration Routes

Portrait of Christopher Columbus

https://www.britannica.com/topic/European-exploration/The-Age-of-Discovery

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Discovery

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Voyager Collapsible Cordless Bare LED Light and AC-DC Transformer

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• AC POWER ADAPTOR INCLUDED - Connects your Cordless Voyager Light to Standard 120V Wall AC power
• OPTIONAL 3-WAY POWER - Operates using PowerSmith PVLAB121 Li-ion battery (NOT INCLUDED), standard 120V wall AC power (INCLUDED), or an 18V/20V power tool battery of Makita, Milwaukee, or DeWalt (Requires purchase of DC adaptor)
• 4 BRIGHTNESS SETTINGS - High (8000 LM), Medium (4000 LM), Low (2000 LM) and Night Light
• INTEGRATED ALUMINUM TRIPOD- telescopes light up to 79 in. tall and folds down into a super-compact tube for easy portability and storage
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• ALSO INCLUDES: Foot Spikes for extra hold in tough conditions, and Shoulder Strap for transport
• CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65 WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive Harm

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• IMPORTANT: LIGHT ONLY, REQUIRES PURCHASE OF BATTERY or POWER ADAPTOR TO OPERATE
• OPTIONAL 3-WAY POWER - Operates using PowerSmith PVLAB121 Li-ion battery, standard 120V wall AC power, or an 18V/20V power tool battery of Makita, Milwaukee or DeWalt. All 3 Power Options sold separately.

• AC ADAPTOR ONLY - LIGHT NOT INCLUDED
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• OUTPUT: 20V DC, 4.5A, 90W

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Customers say

Customers like the brightness, quality and performance of the electric light. For example, they mention it's bright, easy to set up and casts light across a large area. Some appreciate the portability, collapsible and adjustability. That said, they say it'll hold up for a long time.

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Customers are satisfied with the brightness of the light. They say it is bright, easy to set up, and casts light across a large area. They also say it's a great work light that can light up a decent size room.

"...It has exceeded my expectations. Easy to set up. Wide lighting range . Even on the lowest setting it’s plenty bright...." Read more

"...does not generate excess heat, is lightweight, and is still very bright ...." Read more

"...I have found that I enjoy using it as a pool light, because it is so bright that is lights up a 30ft x 20 ft pool deck adequately...." Read more

"...This light can easily cast light across a large area creating almost daylight conditions...." Read more

Customers like the quality of the electric light. They mention that it's well-made, sturdy, and worth the investment. The tripod on this light is incredibly sturdy and has a large stable base. Overall, customers say it'll hold up for a long time and is an amazing value.

"...unit provides a fairly tall pole, over head high, and it has a large stable base . The unit is light weight enough to be easy to pick up and move...." Read more

"...It's well built and seems sturdy and comes with a nice case with shoulder strap...." Read more

"...Definitely worth the investment ." Read more

"...The bags are well made and make even 4 of them very easy to carry at once. They are heavier than expected which is GREAT for windy days...." Read more

Customers like the performance of the electric light. They say it works great, flawlessly, and is a great tool for work or play at night. Some are happy that it does work with their Makita battery with the additional adapter.

" Absolutely perfect ! I ordered this light with the Milwaukee battery adapter. It has exceeded my expectations. Easy to set up. Wide lighting range...." Read more

"...halogen lights, but with the lighter weight, compactness, and performance advantages , I think it was worth paying more...." Read more

"I was very happy that this light does work with my Makita Battery with the additional adapter...." Read more

"...I purchased the converter for Dewalt batteries and it works so great ." Read more

Customers find the electric light portable. They say it's easy to carry, store, and transport due to its compact size. They also say it is very easy to move around and adjust where you want it. Customers also mention that the unit is light weight enough to be easy to pick up and move.

"...a little more money that comparable halogen lights, but with the lighter weight , compactness, and performance advantages, I think it was worth..." Read more

"... portable , and collapsible. the only negative thing I disliked is where the lights can be directed or pointed to you cannot set solidly...." Read more

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"...its very good compacted does not take a lot of space in our car or garage." Read more

Customers like the collapsible electric light. They mention it's bright, easy to fold and store, and compact. The base folds down and locks into place easily. Customers also say the light is great in all areas and is easily foldable.

"...portable, and collapsible . the only negative thing I disliked is where the lights can be directed or pointed to you cannot set solidly...." Read more

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"...One of the most clever designs I have seen. Very tall but folds down quickly and easily ...." Read more

Customers are satisfied with the adjustability of the electric light. They mention that the height is easily adjustable and the light heads move to get the light where they need it. Some find the material quality amazing and the product very tall but folds down quickly and easily.

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"...Brightness, adjustable height and price!Will be ordering a second set soon." Read more

"Very compact and easy to use, amazing material quality and fully adjustable ...." Read more

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Customers have mixed opinions about the remote control of the electric light. Some find it handy and works, while others say it's pretty much useless.

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"...besides that the remote control works and the other accessoriesthat you can by to put power tools batteries is very useful and the wall plug connect..." Read more

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Customers are dissatisfied with the battery life of the electric light. They mention that the brightness is good, but the battery lasts very short. Some customers also say that the unit never fully powers off and the light constantly turns off and on.

"...this light is very power hungry and a 5.0 AMP Makita Battery only lasts 1.5 hours ...." Read more

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"...I suspect the whine noise is due to the unit not ever being fully powered off ..." Read more

"Only has one setting (high) drains battery pretty quickly ." Read more

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Home / Products / Lighting / Desk Lighting / Voyage Double Arm Desk Light

Voyage Double Arm Desk Light

Why you'll love it, occupancy sensor option.

This energy-saving feature will turn the fixture off if it senses extended inactivity, and back on again upon your return.

Continuous Dimming

Adjust Voyage’s intensity with its touch-and-hold dimming feature with last state memory.

USB Charging

Conveniently charge devices with the optional USB port housed in the base.

Dozens of Color Finishes

Express your style with a choice of colors to complement any work space.

Multiple Mounting Options

Six mounting options provide flexibility for tight desktop real estate.

Auto Shut-off

Save energy with 10-hour auto shut-off.

Metallic Silver

Silver sage, key specifications.

• Pricing Sheet
• Installation Instructions
• 2D & 3D Symbols
• Limited Warranty

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Behind the Design

This graceful and lithe ergonomic design by Thomas Newhouse features die-cast knuckle connections with exposed counterbalance springs, highlighting the extended reach and articulation of this double-armed fixture. A structural form factor at the hinges playfully evokes the human eye, while the fixture’s cross-section pleasingly presents very slim edges to the user. Manufactured in Grand Haven, Michigan.

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Biography of Juan Sebastián Elcano, Magellan's Replacement

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Juan Sebastián Elcano (1487–August 4, 1526) was a Spanish (Basque) sailor, navigator, and explorer best remembered for leading the second half of the first round-the-world navigation, having taken over after the death of Ferdinand Magellan . Upon his return to Spain, the King presented him with a coat of arms that contained a globe and the phrase: “You Went Around Me First.”

Fast Facts: Juan Sebastian Elcano

• Known For : Leading the second half of Ferdinand Magellan's first round-the-world navigation after Magellan died
• Born : 1487 in Guetaria, a fishing village in Gipuzkoa, Spain
• Parents : Domingo Sebastian de Elcano and Dona Catalina del Puerto
• Died : August 4, 1526 at sea (Pacific Ocean)
• Spouse : None
• Children : A son Domingo del Cano by Mari Hernandez de Hernialde and an unnamed daughter by Maria de Vidaurreta of Valladolid

Juan Sebastián Elcano (in Basque; the Spanish spelling of his name is written as del Cano) was born in 1487 in Guetaria, a fishing village in the Guipuzcoa province of Spain. He was the eldest of nine children of Domingo Sebastian de Elcano and Dona Catalina del Puerto. He was related to the Gaiza de Arzaus and Ibarrola families, who held important positions in the Casa de Contratacion in Seville, the Spanish crown's agency for the Spanish empire, a thin but later useful family connection.

Elcano and his brothers became seafarers, learning navigation by ferrying contraband goods to French ports. He was an adventurer, fighting with the Spanish Army in Algiers and Italy before settling down as captain/owner of a merchant ship. As a young man, however, he led a prodigal and wayward life and often had more debts than money to pay them. Italian companies demanded that he surrender his ship to cover his debts, but he later found he had broken Spanish law by doing so and had to ask the king for a pardon. Young King Charles V agreed, but on the condition that the skilled sailor and navigator (with good connections) serve with an expedition the king was funding: the search for a new route to the Spice Islands, led by Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan .

The Magellan Expedition

Elcano was given the position of ship’s master on board the Concepción , one of five ships making up the fleet. Magellan believed that the globe was smaller than it actually is and that a shortcut to the Spice Islands (now known as the Maluku Islands in present-day Indonesia ) was possible by going through the New World. Spices such as cinnamon and cloves were immensely valuable in Europe at the time and a shorter route would be worth a fortune to whoever found it. The fleet set sail in September 1519 and made its way to Brazil , avoiding Portuguese settlements due to hostilities between the Spanish and Portuguese.

As the fleet made its way south along the coast of South America looking for a passage west, Magellan decided to call a halt in the sheltered bay of San Julián because he feared continuing on in bad weather. Left idle, the men began to talk of mutiny and returning to Spain. Elcano was a willing participant and had by then assumed command of the ship San Antonio . At one point, Magellan ordered his flagship to fire on the San Antonio . In the end, Magellan put down the mutiny and had many of the leaders killed or marooned. Elcano and others were pardoned, but not until after a period of forced labor on the mainland.

To the Pacific

Around this time, Magellan lost two ships: the San Antonio returned to Spain (without permission) and the Santiago sank, although all of the sailors were rescued. By this time, Elcano was captain of the Concepción , a decision by Magellan that probably had much to do with the fact that the other experienced ships' captains had been executed or marooned after the mutiny or had gone back to Spain with the San Antonio . In October–November 1520, the fleet explored the islands and waterways at the southern tip of South America, eventually finding a passage through what is known today as the Strait of Magellan.

According to Magellan’s calculations, the Spice Islands should have only been a few days of sailing away. He was badly mistaken: his ships took four months to cross the South Pacific. Conditions were miserable on board and several men died before the fleet reached Guam and the Marianas Islands and were able to resupply. Continuing westward, they reached the present-day Philippines in early 1521. Magellan found he could communicate with the natives through one of his men, who spoke Malay: they had reached the eastern edge of the world known to Europe.

Death of Magellan

In the Philippines, Magellan befriended the King of Zzubu, who was eventually baptized with the name of “Don Carlos.” Unfortunately, "Don Carlos" convinced Magellan to attack a rival chieftain for him, and Magellan was one of several Europeans killed in the ensuing battle. Magellan was succeeded by Duarte Barbosa and Juan Serrao, but both were treacherously killed by “Don Carlos” within a few days. Elcano was now second in command of the Victoria , under Juan Carvalho. Low on men, they decided to scuttle the Concepción and head back to Spain in the two remaining ships: the Trinidad and the Victoria .

Return to Spain

Heading across the Indian Ocean, the two ships made a stop in Borneo before finding themselves at the Spice Islands, their original goal. Packed with valuable spices, the ships set out again. About this time, Elcano replaced Carvalho as captain of the Victoria . The Trinidad soon had to return to the Spice Islands, however, as it was leaking badly and eventually sank. Many of the Trinidad’s sailors were captured by the Portuguese, although a handful managed to find their way to India and from there back to Spain. The Victoria sailed on cautiously, as they had gotten word that a Portuguese fleet was looking for them.

Miraculously evading the Portuguese, Elcano sailed the Victoria back into Spain on September 6, 1522. By then, the ship was crewed by only 22 men: 18 European survivors of the voyage and four Asians they had picked up en route. The rest had died, deserted or, in some cases, been left behind as unworthy of sharing in the spoils of the rich cargo of spices. The King of Spain received Elcano and granted him a coat of arms bearing a globe and the Latin phrase Primus circumdedisti me , or “You Went Around Me First.”

Death and Legacy

In 1525, Elcano was picked to be the chief navigator for a new expedition led by the Spanish nobleman García Jofre de Loaísa, who intended to retrace Magellan’s route and establish a permanent colony in the Spice Islands. The expedition was a fiasco: of seven ships, only one made it to the Spice Islands, and most of the leaders, including Elcano, perished of malnutrition during the arduous Pacific crossing. Elcano wrote a last will and testament, leaving money to his two illegitimate children and their mothers back in Spain, and died on August 4, 1526.

Because of his elevation to noble status upon his return from the Magellan expedition, Elcano’s descendants continued to hold the title of Marquis for some time after his death. As for Elcano himself, he has unfortunately been mostly forgotten by history, as Magellan still gets all the credit for the first circumnavigation of the globe. Elcano, although well-known to historians of the Age of Exploration (or Age of Discovery) , is little more than a trivia question to most, although there is a statue of him in his hometown of Getaria, Spain and the Spanish Navy once named a ship after him.

Fernandez de Navarrete, Eustaquio. Historia De Juan Sebastian Del Cano . Nicholas de Soraluce y Zubizarreta, 1872.

Mariciano, R. De Borja. Basques in the Philippines. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2005.

Sebastian del Cano, Juan. "Original of the Testament of Juan Sebastian Del Cano Made on Board the Ship, Victoria, One of the Ships of Comendador Garcia De Loaysa on Its Way to the South Sea." The Philippines under Spain; a Compilation and Translation of Original Documents. Book 1 (1518-1565): The Voyages of Discovery. Eds. Benitez Licuanan, Virginia and José Llavador Mira. Manila: National Trust for Historical and Cultural Preservation of the Philippines, 1526 (1990).

Thomas, Hugh. "Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan." 1st edition, Random House, June 1, 2004.

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The David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies

A Holocaust-Denier as Prime Minister of “Palestine”?

by Dr. Rafael Medoff

While European Union officials praised Yasir Arafat’s decision to appoint his first-ever prime minister, historians of the Holocaust winced at the news that a leading candidate for the job is the author of a book denying that the Nazis murdered six million Jews.

The candidate is Mahmoud Abbas (also known as Abu Mazen), Arafat’s second in command, and his book, published (in Arabic) in 1983, is titled ‘The Other Side: The Secret Relations Between Nazism and the Leadership of the Zionist Movement.’ It was originally his doctoral dissertation, completed at Moscow Oriental College, in the Soviet Union.

According to a translation of the text provided by the Simon Wiesenthal Center, Abbas’s book repeatedly attempts to cast doubt on the fact that the Nazis slaughtered six million Jews. He writes: “Following the war, word was spread that six million Jews were amongst the victims and that a war of extermination was aimed primarily at the Jews … The truth is that no one can either confirm or deny this figure. In other words, it is possible that the number of Jewish victims reached six million, but at the same time it is possible that the figure is much smaller–below one million.” Abbas denies that the gas chambers were used to murder Jews, quoting a “scientific study” to that effect by French Holocaust-denier Robert Faurisson.

Abbas then asserts: “The historian and author, Raoul Hilberg, thinks that the figure does not exceed 890,000.” This is, of course, utterly false. Professor Hilberg, a distinguished historian and author of the classic study ‘The Destruction of the European Jews’, has never said or written any such thing.

Abbas believes the number six million is the product of a Zionist conspiracy: “It seems that the interest of the Zionist movement, however, is to inflate this figure so that their gains will be greater,” he writes. “This led them to emphasize this figure [six million] in order to gain the solidarity of international public opinion with Zionism. Many scholars have debated the figure of six million and reached stunning conclusions–fixing the number of Jewish victims at only a few hundred thousand.” Another falsehood. In fact, no serious scholar proposes such a figure.

After reducing the magnitude of the Nazi slaughter so that it no longer seems to have been a full-scale Holocaust, Abbas seeks to absolve the Nazis by blaming the Zionist leadership for whatever killings did take place. According to Abbas, “a partnership was established between Hitler’s Nazis and the leadership of the Zionist movement … [the Zionists gave] permission to every racist in the world, led by Hitler and the Nazis, to treat Jews as they wish, so long as it guarantees immigration to Palestine.” In addition to encouraging the persecution of Jews so they would emigrate to the Holy Land, the Zionist leaders actually *wanted* Jews to be murdered, because –in Abbas’s words–“having more victims meant greater rights and stronger privilege to join the negotiation table for dividing the spoils of war once it was over. However, since Zionism was not a fighting partner–suffering victims in a battle–it had no escape but to offer up human beings, under any name, to raise the number of victims, which they could then boast of at the moment of accounting.”

Perhaps sentiments of this sort were common within Abbas’s circle of graduate students in the Soviet Union in the 1970s. But in the Free World, such propaganda has never been accepted as serious scholarship.

In most Western countries, Holocaust-deniers have been treated as pariahs. In Canada and many European countries, Holocaust-denial is a criminal offense. In New Zealand, Canterbury University recently issued an apology for having accepting a master’s thesis denying the Holocaust, while the French Minister of Education revoked a doctoral degree that was awarded to a Holocaust-denier by the University of Nantes. A Polish university professor who denied the Holocaust was suspended from his position. The Japanese publisher Bungei Shunju shut down one of its magazines for printing an article denying the Holocaust.

International pressure compelled Croatian president Franjo Tudjman to publicly retract statements in his book doubting that the Holocaust had taken place. Austrian Freedom Party leader Jorg Haider was ostracized by the international community for his remarks praising members of the SS, as was French politician Jean Marie Le Pen, for questioning the existence of the gas chambers and belittling the significance of the Holocaust. A recent poll found 64% of Americans believe world leaders should likewise refuse to meet with Abbas.

Yet some in the media have treated Abbas with kid gloves, to say the least. The official BCC News Profile of Abbas reports: “A highly intellectual man, Abbas studied law in Egypt before doing a Ph.D. in Moscow. He is the author of several books.” The New York Times recently characterized Abbas as “a lawyer and historian … He holds a doctorate in history from the Moscow Oriental College; his topic was Zionism.” Neither the BBC nor the Times have offered any further explanation as to the contents of Abbas’s writings.

Bestowing the title “historian” upon Mahmoud Abbas awards his writings a stature they do not deserve, and deals a grievous insult to every genuine historian.

If Abbas is elevated to the post of prime minister of the Palestinian Authority, not only the media but the entire international community will be confronted with the question of whether Abbas deserves to be treated any differently from Tudjman, Haider, and Le Pen.

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40 facts about elektrostal.

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 02 Mar 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy, materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes, offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

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The Maxim Gorky: Aviation’s Titanic

Maurie White’s father, an engineer who produced truck radiators, was one of forty people invited onto the Maxim Gorky, a mammoth passenger plane that was comparable to a Boeing 747 and cruised at speeds up to 140 miles per hour. Designed to be a monument in the air, the Gorky was scheduled to take off from a Moscow airport with workers commended by the Soviet government.

15-year-old White, who accompanied his father and ten-year-old brother, never boarded the plane. A company car set out to the airport late and got lost on the way. When they arrived to the runway, its gate was locked and the plane had already taken to the skies. White, who was looking forward to his first airplane trip, looked at the empty grounds with disappointment. He had no sense of his good fortune until learning that the Maxim Gorky had crashed and become aerospace’s version of the Titanic.

The Maxim Gorky and Stalin’s Plan for Aerospace

Named after the dramatist whose play The Lower Depths is still widely staged and anthologized, the Maxim Gorky’s model number was Tupolev ANT-20. The craft was designed by Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev, an engineer who held important aeronautic positions in the Soviet Union until the era of Brezhnev.

Originally planned as a heavy bomber, the Gorky was part of Josef Stalin’s vision to transform the USSR into a world aviation power. The Gorky was built in the heyday of Stalin’s Five-Year Plans that were aimed to industrialize the USSR at breakneck speed, including its military transport. With war looming in Western Europe during the early 1930’s, Stalin placed emphasis on building grand-scale airplanes that could defend Soviet territory in battle or, at least, capture international attention.

Tupolev’s ANT-20, built by a factory of 800 craftsmen from July 1933 to April 1934, had plenty of features to exhibit the USSR’s industrial capabilities. Weighing over 30,000 short tons when empty, the ANT-20 had a wingspan of 207 feet (compared to 196 feet across the Boeing 747-100) and a length of 108 feet. The craft, with a range of 750 miles, was powered by eight engines of 900 horsepower each and achieved cruising speeds of 130 to 140 miles per hour.

Most impressive was the plane’s functionality. On board with a crew of 23 – including eight for navigation – were the Gorky’s printing shop, photo lab, cinema, library, cafeteria, and radio station. The ANT-20 was the first airplane to include its own ladder and the first to use alternating current in addition to direct current. The plane could even be disassembled for transport by rail.

The Last Flight

Funded by public contributions, the Maxim Gorky made its intended statement in the eyes of reporters, photographers, governments, and the general public. The Gorky enjoyed its maiden flight on June 19, 1934, when it powered over Red Square and became the largest operating aircraft in world history. The Gorky became a roaring symbol of Soviet industrialization, known to Western journalists as ‘the propaganda plane’ and ‘Maximum Gawky.’

The events of May 18, 1935 were in a similar, ritualistic vein. In an act of workers’ solidarity, technicians, manufacturers, farmers, miners, artists, and students boarded for a flight over the Moscow aerodrome, where citizens and high-ranking politicians were attending an open air ceremony. The plane after ignition, which has been captured on film, was known to be an awesome sight. When arranging a flight that was meant to inspire the Soviet people, there was no place to imagine the Maxim Gorky crashing.

The Gorky left its Moscow runway on May 18th with two older biplanes. The biplanes took position alongside the Gorky’s wings; one was intended to take photographs, while the other provided symmetry and helped to underscore the Gorky’s major difference in size.

Soviet authorities are thought to have devised stunts for the flight, one of which led to catastrophe. According to eyewitness accounts, pilot Nikolai Blagin attempted to loop his Polikarpov I-5 biplane around the Gorky and instead smashed into its port wing. The two planes fell out of the sky and crashed in the residential area of Sokol, a Moscow suburb. Blagin and 47 others were killed.

Larger airplane crashes have occurred since the Maxim Gorky’s time, but the Gorky crash took place under a self-promoted grandiosity. In this sense, the Gorky draws eerie parallels with the RMS Titanic, which sank on its maiden voyage in 1912. The crash was judged by Soviet officials as a blow to its propaganda cache, although later memorial services helped, in rather opportunistic ways, to build national unity.

Nikolai Blagin, who may or may not have pulled the fatal stunt on his own, was vilified in the Soviet press after his death. Newspapers in Warsaw printed an anti-Soviet suicide letter that was allegedly written by Blagin but is now considered a forgery. Soviet leaders even coined the term ‘Blaginism,’ meaning to act with callous disregard for authority. Yet Blagin was granted his place in the Maxim Gorky Memorial at Novodevichy Cemetery, where each of the victims is interred.

A second Tupolev ANT-20 was built through Stalin’s orders and took flight in 1938. The second plane, model number ANT-20bis, served on routes in Russia and Uzbekistan but also crashed and killed 36 people on board after its autopilot was mistakenly shut off. It is believed that one of its pilots allowed a passenger to sit in his chair shortly before the craft went down.

The Maxim Gorky has captured the imagination of onlookers before and after its tragic result. A 1934 painting by Vasilly Kuptsov, for instance, now hangs in the Russian Museum at St. Petersburg. In 1936, composer Nicolai Myaskovsky finished his Sixteenth Symphony, whose third movement conveys the national mourning. Amongst flight enthusiasts, the Gorky remains an intense conversation piece.

Technology always brings its dangers, as Maurie White and others who bore witness to the Maxim Gorky have confirmed. Flight has reached incredible heights with its advent of jet engines, mach speeds, and, ultimately, travel in space. As humans, we are brave yet strangely fragile when defying our environment. For every accomplishment, incredible risks must be overcome.

• ‘Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev.’ Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd edition. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Group, 1998.
• Palmer, Scott W. Dictatorship of the Air: Aviation Culture and the Fate of Modern Russia. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
• Palmer, Scott W. ‘The ANT-20 “Maxim Gorky” in Flight.’ Blog entry for Dictatorship of the Air web site, January 4, 2007.
• White, Maurie. ‘The People’s Plane.’ American Heritage. 1997 Oct;48(6).
• Various sources were used to gain a consensus on the Maxim Gorky’s specifications and flight data.

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Tragic young Irish couple's forbidden love led them to flee to US on doomed Titanic

T he tragic story of a young Irish couple whose forbidden love saw them flee to the US and die in the sinking of the Titanic has been uncovered by a tour guide.

Brian Nolan of Walking Tours Galway went online on the 112th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic to share the true story of two lovers from Co Galway whose heart-breaking story of disaster is worth its own movie adaptation.

Brigid Mullin was about to graduate from the prestigious Loreto College in Dublin and was considering becoming a teacher in April 1912. Her boyfriend Dennis Lennon was a grocer's apprentice and when Brigid's mother found out about their relationship she forbade them from seeing each other.

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She was insistent that her daughter find someone of higher status but Denis and Brigid's true love prevailed and they decided to elope to America .

"They were just 19 and 20 years of age, their heads were full ideas and full of hope, and they were in love, sure what could be more natural and more joyful?" Brian wrote.

The pair bought two tickets to America , on a small liner, The Cymric, that was due to sail in two days time to New York, from Cobh. In a cruel twist of fate, decided to swap their tickets for Titanic tickets as the Cymric was late.

More than 700 people lived in their village of Clarinbridge at the time and suddenly the young couple found themselves on a ship with over 2,000 people.

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"They registered as brother and sister, Denis and Brigid Lennon, and as such, down in Third Class, they had no deck promenade to walk on, no swimming pool, nor fancy ballroom," Brian said.

"They could, however, meet each day at the Third Class Dining Room, where they ate together as 'siblings', and talked excitedly about their plans when they arrived in New York ."

When Brigid's mother and brother found out Brigid ran away they got the next train to Cobh to catch her but arrived just as the ship was leaving.

"The ship had sailed, all they saw on the horizon was the smoke from Titanic's tall chimney stacks billowing dark smoke skyward," Brian said, and they never saw Brigid again.

At 2am on April 15, 1912, the Titanic struck an iceberg and sank, killing over 1,500 people. Brigid and Denis both perished in the freezing cold waters of the north Atlantic, and their bodies were never recovered.

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