visit venice arsenal

The Arsenal of Venice: the symbol of the naval power of the city

Welcome to the beautiful city of Venice , home to one of the most impressive and historic arsenals in the world !

The Arsenal of Venice , in fact, has once been a major shipyard and naval base for the Republic of Venice, and played a crucial role in the city's naval power and prosperity for centuries.

Today, it stands as a testament to Venice's rich history and cultural heritage , offering visitors a fascinating glimpse into the past.

Whether you're a history buff or just looking for a unique and interesting place to visit during your trip to Venice, the Arsenal is truly a must-see destination that you won't want to miss.

So, come and explore the incredible history of the Arsenal of Venice ! We'll also give you some info on how to visit the Venetian arsenal through the article.

The Arsenal of Venice: one of the first maritime arsenals ever built in Italy

The Arsenal of Venice (Arsenale di Venezia, in Italian) has a long and storied history that dates back to the early 12th century .

At that time, in fact, the Venetian republic, the so called Serenissima, was a major maritime power. The Venetian fleet was used to trade with other countries and defend the city against potential invaders.

The Arsenal was built to house and maintain these ships , as well as to build new ones as needed. Over the centuries, the Arsenal played a vital role in the growth and prosperity of the Republic of Venice.

It became one of the largest and most advanced shipyards in the world , with a workforce of thousands of skilled workers and craftsmen. The Arsenal was responsible for building and repairing ships for the Venetian navy , as well as constructing buildings and other structures throughout the city.

The Arsenal reached the height of its power and influence in the 16th and 17th centuries when it produced some of the most impressive and technologically advanced ships of the time.

Today, the Arsenal is no longer used as a shipyard, but it remains an important part of Venice's history and cultural heritage.

Visitors can now see the impressive architecture and engineering that went into its construction, as well as learn about the role it played in the city's past.

Where is the Arsenal of Venice located

The Arsenal of Venice is located in the Castello district, on the eastern shore of the island of Venice.

It is a large complex made up of a series of buildings, shipyards, and workshops .

Today you can still see the massive facility, with a series of interconnected buildings and courtyards that cover an area of over 50 acres . It is made up of a series of shipyards, where ships were built and repaired, as well as a series of workshops where craftsmen worked on a variety of tasks, including the construction of weapons, armor, and other equipment needed for the Venetian navy.

How the Venice Arsenal is composed: the main parts

The area of the Arsenal covers approximately 15% of the area of Venice .

A guild of worker-military workers deputed for the purpose operated there, the "arsenalotti", whose numbers reached, during periods of full production activity, the average daily quota of 1500-2000 units (it went up to 4500-5000 workers), that is, from 2% to 5% of the entire city population of the time .

The old arsenal

The "Arsenale Vecio" (Old arsenal) was probably open around the XIII century.

The first Squeri, Venetian shipyards for shipbuilding , were born, placed in a row in front of the sea, consisting of an inclined plane for launching and hauling boats.

Rebuilt in the 15th and 16th centuries, they took on their present appearance. Now connected by a long ogival-arched promenade, partially sheltered, with canopies made of massive wooden beams, expertly restored .

The New Arsenal

Around Lago San Daniele, you'll find new foundries , the armament factory, new squeri, several aquatic canopies called "tese," and the General Warehouse buildings with the workshop of the "velere," young women who made sails, on the second floor.

The submarine Dandolo is also located in the "Arsenal Novo". The Dandolo is the first submarine to be put inside a museum in the Mediterranean basin. It was completed in 1967 and was equipped with 4 torpedo launchers, and operated up to 300 meters deep in absolute silence. You can visit the submarine only at certain times of the year.

The Newer Arsenal

It is called the "Arsenale Novissimo".

Here you will find many areas that are dedicated to the Biennale di Venezia.

How is it possible to visit the Venice Arsenal

Some areas of the Arsenal of Venice are open to the public and can be visited as part of a guided tour (actually the northern part).

North Arsenal

The North Arsenal is normally open to the public Monday through Friday, 8 AM to 3 PM (just check the opening hours in advance).

The public opening covers the public spaces and the ground floor of Tesa 105. Other areas are open to the public only during specific events.

During the opening months of the Biennale of Art and/or Architecture, the North Arsenal is open every day and a boat connection to the South Arsenal (Giardino delle Vergini) is available.

South Arsenal

The areas of the South Arsenal used by the Fondazione la Biennale di Venezia are accessible during the months when the exhibitions are open (May-November) with payment of the entrance fee and at other times according to the tours organized by the Fondazione itself.

Also during the period when the exhibitions are open, the Giardino delle Vergini is open during daytime hours.

How to get to the Venetian Arsenal

The north Arsenal can be reached by lines 4.1, 4.2, 5.1 and 5.2 (stop "Bacini - Arsenale nord") or on foot from Campo de La Celestia, via the footbridge along the north boundary wall of the Arsenal.

The South Arsenal can be reached by lines 1, 4.1 and 4.2 (stop "Arsenale") or on foot from Riva degli schiavoni.

Do not forget that there is also an incredible Museum!

The Naval Historical Museum of the Italian Navy is housed in a 15th-century building, the "Granary" of the Serenissima, in Campo San Biagio close to the Venice Arsenal .

Visiting the museum you will explore a total of 42 exhibition rooms where you can also have the chance to see a reconstruction of the mythical ship of the Doges : the splendid Bucintoro.

Will you come and visit the Venetian Arsenal?

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The Venetian Arsenal

Nestled in the Castello district, the Arsenal is one of Venice’s most iconic landmarks. However, the interior of this vast complex remains inaccessible to the public, leaving visitors to admire it only from the outside!

Follow Captain Ulysses on a tour of this colossal shipyard at the heart of the Serenissima! ⛵

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💤 Accommodations: all our tips & recommendations

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Did you know?

The term “arsenal” derives from the Arabic “Dar-al sina,” meaning “workshop.”

A Brief History of the Venetian Arsenal

The origins of the venetian arsenal.

In 1104, Doge Ordelafo Faliero decided that Venice needed a shipyard to reinforce the maritime power of the City of Doges, leading to the creation of the Venetian Arsenal.

Over the following centuries, the complex was expanded multiple times. Today, it covers 15% of the city’s area!

The Venetian Arsenal in the 14th and 15th Centuries

During the 14th and 15th centuries, the Arsenal was a key factor in establishing the Republic of Venice as a dominant military and commercial power.

The shipyard’s prosperity was largely due to the “Incanto delle galee del mercato” (Auction of Market Galleys). This system, devised by the Venetian state:

• Made military ships profitable by using them for commercial activities during peacetime.
• Allowed Venetians to invest in maritime expeditions as shareholders, sharing both the costs and risks of shipping.

Thanks to its economic and military success, the Venetian Arsenal expanded and innovated, creating new ship models like the galleon.

The Venetian Arsenal and Early Assembly Line Work

At its peak, the Arsenal employed 16,000 workers and developed a work system that closely resembled what we now call assembly line production. To save time and improve efficiency, tasks were divided and standardized.

In the 17th century, the Venetian Arsenal could build one ship per day—a remarkable achievement!

The Venetian Arsenal Under French and Austrian Control

In 1797, Napoleon Bonaparte conquered the Republic of Venice.

Over the next 70 years, Venice switched between French and Austrian control, during which the Arsenal was looted and transformed through extensive renovations.

In 1866, the Italian military navy regained control of the shipyard.

The Venetian Arsenal Today

Today, the Arsenal is still owned by the Italian navy, though parts of the complex now belong to the city of Venice. Since 1999, these areas have occasionally been opened to the public during the Biennale.

Visiting the Venetian Arsenal

While the interior of the Arsenal isn’t open to visitors, it’s still worth a stop during your stay in Venice. The exterior of this vast shipyard is a sight to see!

Head to the Castello district, where the Arsenal occupies a large area.

The Land Gate of the Arsenal

The land gate of the Venetia, Arsenal (“ porta da tera ” in Venetian) serves as the pedestrian entrance to the shipyard.

Although a gate existed at this location before the 15th century, it took on its current appearance in 1460. Designed by Venetian architect Antonio Gambello, the land gate, shaped like a triumphal arch, is considered the oldest example of Renaissance architecture in Venice.

The winged lion statue atop the arch, attributed to artist Bartolomeo Bon, references St. Mark, the patron saint of Venice.

The balustrade is adorned with statues of ancient deities.

On either side of the central arch, two winged Victories were added in 1571 after the Venetian fleet’s victory at the Battle of Lepanto against Turkish forces. The statue of St. Justine at the top of the gate was added in 1578.

The gate is also flanked by four marble lion statues, war trophies stolen from Greece by Francesco Morosini and brought back to Venice in 1683. 1683.

The Arsenal Canal

The Venetian Arsenal can also be entered by boat via the Arsenal Canal ( Rio dell’Arsenale in Italian).

The navigable entrance, located right next to the land gate, is flanked by two square towers dating back to 1686.

The Naval History Museum of Venice

Just a short walk away, the Naval History Museum of Venice is an interesting addition to your Arsenal visit, though not a must-see.

It’s a treat for sailing enthusiasts, offering insights into the history of the Venetian navy and showcasing a variety of ship models.

The museum ticket also grants access to the Ships Pavilion, where you can admire real Venetian boats on display.

The museum is open daily from 10 AM to 5 PM.

Exploring the Area Around the Venetian Arsenal

A visit to the Arsenal is the perfect excuse to explore the Castello district, often considered the most authentic part of Venice.

With its laundry-draped windows and occasionally crumbling facades, Castello offers a glimpse into a less touristy side of the city.

While exploring the district, don’t miss:

• Via Garibaldi
• San Zaccaria Church
• San Zanipolo Basilica
• San Francesco della Vigna Church
• Santa Maria Formosa Church

👉 To make sure you don’t miss anything in the Castello district, consider a guided tour with a professional guide. Captain Ulysses recommends a particular tour: guided tour in the Castello district .

Practical Information

The Venetian Arsenal is located in the heart of the Castello district, about a ten-minute walk from St. Mark’s Square.

The nearest vaporetto stop is Arsenale (easy to remember!).

👉 Book your bus + vaporetto pass.

👉 Skip the lines: book your tickets and tours in Venice, Italy!

Looking for tips and recommendations here are captain ulysses’ top picks for venice.

🛏️ Accommodations: Our complete guide

🎟️ Activities: GetYourGuide | Tiqets

⛵ Boat tours: here or here

🎫 City Pass: here

🚐 Transfers: bus | vaporetto | water taxi

🚌 Local Transport: Transport Pass

✈️ Flights: Skyscanner (flights) | Omio (flights, trains & buses)

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The Arsenal of Venice

Since the beginning of the XII century, the Arsenal was the heart of the naval industry of Venice. It occupies quite a large area of the city a clear sign of how important this industry was for Venice.

The conquest of the Aegean See (Turkish domination) and the routes to north Europe were possible thanks to the ships built in there. The Arsenal has been the major production pole of the preindustrial era, substantially it was the first factory ever seen in the world. The number of workers, called Arsenalotti, reach 2000 unities during the major production periods and its total surface was 46 hectares.

The Arsenal gained a quotation also in the Divina Commedia by Dante Alighieri under the name of Arzanà. The name Arsenale has a very interesting etymology. Its name comes from a Turkish word that means “place of production“. During the year the word changed into the current Arsenale.

It has been strategically and logistically positioned in the city, to be protected by enemy attacks and to be easily supplied with the wood from Cadore forests. The first productive instalments were no more than small “Squeri” (shipyards) by the side of the old Dock, which were enlarged only in the beginning of the XIII century. Lately in this period were also built the San Daniele Lake, The Arsenale Nuovo, The Fonderie, The Corderie, the Officine dei Remi and the Artiglieria (Artillery), a real industrial pole. In 1453 after the Constantinople’s fall and then the beginning of the Turkish threat, the Arsenal becomes the bulwark to protect the city, the Porta d’Acqua (rebuilt in the beginning of 1600) and the Porta di terra (representing one of the first renaissance art example in Venice) were built.

The last big expansion of the area happened between 1470 and 1570, when the total surface reached 24 hectares Highly important was the strategic production of ropes, a very precious good of that epoch, that was produced with avant-garde methods never seen before, as well as the production of ships. The construction of the most important ships of the Venetian fleet, the Galee and the bigger Galeazze, was done in secret. Thanks to the efficiency of those boats Venice won the battle of Lepanto in 1571.

During the Austro-Hungarian domination the Arsenal role has been revisited and partially reduced despite it was effectively part of the military and commercial production of the Austrians.

The last expansion was made during the first years of the reign of Italy. The idea was to create an important naval base on the north Adriatic Sea. New buildings were added up, new canals were digged and some foundation were raised up to 70 centimetres. The pre-existing structures between the Darsena Nuova and the Darsena Nuovissima were demolished in order to dig the new Darsena Grande.

However the Arsenal became too small for the dimensions of modern ships and also for their transit. Not large enough, the area was clearly too small and obsolete: this signed its decline.

On the last few decades, however, its area comes to a new life and cultural spaces have been created within. We can not forget to mention the Biennale Pavilions that comprehend most of the area or the Naval Museum opened every day except on Sundays and holidays.

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Venetian Arsenal

By 1400, the Arsenal was already the world’s most extensive industrial complex, with 3,000 employees (known as “Arsenalotti”) and a production capacity which, by the 1500s, had reached no less than six galleys a month.

This achievement was made possible by outstanding managerial talent and modern organisation of all aspects of production, from the procurement of timber to the preference for modular construction.

Over the course of the centuries, many major works were carried out, including the construction of laboratories, warehouses and, with the advent of gun powder, artillery rooms. The Arsenal represents a vast, striking and strategic area of the inner city covering about 32 hectares, of which 9 hectares are water, out of the total 670-hectare area of Venice, including the islands of Giudecca, Tronchetto, San Giorgio and the internal canals. The structure complex has represented the fundamental heart of the Venetian economy and civil history, so much so that in 1509 the Senate officially defined it as the " heart of the region of Veneto ".

HOW TO VISIT THE ARSENALE NORD

Venitian arsenal: map.

HOW TO VISIT ARSENALE SUD

Venetian Arsenal

For many centuries, it was the most important shipbuilding factory in the world.

The Arsenal is the symbol of the illustrious history of the Serenissima Republic of Venice , occupying an area of 48 hectares, in the eastern edge of the Ancient City . Here the ships of the Serenissima were built as an expression of the economic, political and military power of the city .

You can visit some of the North Arsenal buildings, which are open to the public. The South Arsenal, instead, hosts the Venice Biennale . Do not miss a visit to the Naval History Museum of the Navy, the most important in Italy.

APT della Provincia di Venezia  San Marco 2637, 30124, Venezia(VE)  CONTACT CENTER:  Tel. 041.5298711 E-mail. info@turismovenezia.it

Castello, 30122 Venice, Metropolitan City of Venice, Italy

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How to visit the Arsenale of Venice

click to enlarge the map

NB: The Municipality ofVenice's offices do not organize guided tours at the Arsenale of Venice.

To visit the Northen Arsenale

The Northern Arsenale can be reached by lines 4.1, 4.2, 5.1 and 5.2 (ACTV stop "Bacini - Arsenale nord") or by foot from the Campo de La Celestia, through the suspended bridge along the north boundary wall of the Arsenale. The Northern Arsenale is normally open to the public from Monday to Friday, from 8.00 AM to 3.00 PM. The opening to the public concerns the public spaces and the ground floor of the Tesa 105 (shed). The other Tese of the north Arsenal and the Porta Nuova Tower are only open to the public during specific events. During the opening months of the La Biennale arte / architecture, accessibility to the Northern Arsenale extends to seven days a week and a connecting boat with the Southern Arsenale (Giardino delle Vergini) is available.

To visit the Southern Arsenale

The Southern Arsenal can be reached by lines 1, 4.1 and 4.2 (the ACTV reference stop "Arsenale") or by foot from Riva degli Schiavoni.

The areas of the Southern Arsenale are used by the La Biennale di Venezia Foundation and they are accessible during the months of the opening of the exhibitions (May-November) with the payment of the entrance ticket. During the other periods the visits are organized according to the organization of the La Biennale di Venezia Foundation. Still in the opening period of the exhibitions, the Giardino delle Vergini is open during the day. The Giardino delle Vergini is a green garden surrounded by the walls of the Arsenale that extends over the area of the former monastery of Santa Maria Vergine, demolished at the end of the nineteenth century.

Visit the official web site of Biennale Venezia

To visit the areas of the Marina Militare (Navy)

The areas owned by the Navy aren't normally  open to the public, but they can be visited on certain specific occasions. To visit the areas of the Arsenale owned by the Navy, it’s possible contact the Istituto di Studi Militari Marittimi (Maristudi).

Visit the website of the Marina Militare

To visit the Naval Historical Museum and the Ship Pavilion

The Naval Historical Museum is located in a 15th century building, which was already the "Granary" of the Serenissima, in the Campo San Biagio, near the Arsenale. Part of the building is still under the jurisdiction of the Italian Navy. The memory of its glories is today entrusted to the Naval History Museum, the most important of its kind in Italy. Beyond the main building, whose exhibition area is spread over five levels for a total of 42 exhibition halls, it is also possible to visit the Ship Pavilion, located in the ancient “rowing workshop” of the Arsenale.

Visit the website of the Ship Pavilion

Visit the website of the Naval Historical Museum

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EVERYTHING you need to visit Venice in 2024!

Arsenal Venice : Complete Visit Guide

25/02/2024 by Mathieu Leave a Comment

Located in the heart of the naval and military history of Venice , l' Venice Arsenal is a historic shipyard dating back to 1104.

Originally built on the initiative of Doge Ordelafo Faliero, the arsenal was intended for the construction and repair of the ships that had underpinned the maritime power of the Venetian Republic for centuries.

With its impressive architecture and ability to produce ships quickly, the Venetian Arsenal played a decisive role in the Serenissima's economic and military domination of the Mediterranean.

At the dawn of the 15th century, the Arsenal became the world's first industrial complex, employing thousands of craftsmen and workers known as the "Arsenalotti".

These highly skilled craftsmen were the driving force behind a production large-scale shipbuilding This gave Venice a powerful and flexible fleet, capable of deploying six galleys a month in the 16th century.

This development enabled the Venetian Arsenal to become the beating heart of Venetian power, a true marvel of engineering and industrial organization at the time.

• The Arsenal has been crucial to Venice's maritime and military power since 1104.
• In the 15th century, the Arsenal became the world's first industrial complex.
• It enabled remarkable naval production, strengthening the Serenissima.

History of the Venice Arsenal

We note that the Venice Arsenal, known under the Italian name Arsenale di Venezia is a complex of shipyards and workshops that has long been the beating heart of the maritime power of the Republic of Venice, also referred to as the "Venetian Republic". Serenissima .

Its foundation dates back to Twelfth century precisely in 1104 under the dogate of Ordelafo Faliero.

Venice's interest in shipbuilding was vital to its expansion and wealth, as this activity supported the city's flourishing trade and military operations.

With its strategic location on the Italian coast, the Arsenal has enabled Venice to position itself as a dominant player on the seas for centuries.

We highlight the Arsenal's influence on Renaissance architecture, notably through the work of Antonio Gambello who contributed to the design of one of the gantries.

At its peak, the Arsenal employed thousands of workers and master craftsmen. Quasi-industrial working methods enabled ships to be launched rapidly, fortifying the Venetian fleet.

Visit Battle of Lepanto in 1571, when the Serenissima played a decisive role, illustrating the importance of the Arsenal to Venetian naval power.

However, after the fall of the Republic at the end of the 18th century, the Austrians took control of the town and its Arsenal, which then saw its activity decline.

We recognize the importance of the Arsenale not only in military history, but also in Venetian culture. Dante Alighieri himself refers to the Arsenal in his famous work, the Divine Comedy .

Today, the Arsenal remains a remarkable reminder of the past. Venice's past greatness and is often the subject of study and visits for those interested in its rich historical and architectural past.

Structure and Cultural Influence

We'll be exploring the lasting impact of the Venice Arsenale not only on architecture and infrastructure, but also on the city's culture and artistic heritage.

Architecture and Buildings

The Venice Arsenal ( Arsenale di Venezia ) founded in 1104, is a monumental architectural complex featuring the Porta Magna the imposing entrance designed by 16th-century architect Antonio da Ponte.

Inside, structures such as Tese and la Corderie This ancient knotted rope underlines the technical ingenuity of medieval Venice, and reflects advances in shipbuilding and rope production.

The Arsenal and the Venice Biennale

The Venice Arsenale is closely linked to Venice Biennale (Biennale di Venezia) a prestigious exhibition of art and architecture.

The space, once home to the mighty Venetian navy, has been transformed into exhibition venues that host international public events, affirming the cultural importance of the Arsenale beyond its military and naval heritage.

Museums and Guided Tours

The public can explore Venetian naval history at the Naval History Museum (Museo Storico Navale) located near the Arsenal.

Guided tours offer an insight into historic ships, shipbuilding workshops ( squeri ), galleys and other maritime artefacts, while the Ship Pavilion presents real-life examples of ships from the Venetian fleet.

Shipyards and Production

Historically, the Arsenale included multiple shipyards and industrial facilities, such as foundries ( foundry ), ammunition stocks, and grain warehouses ( granaries ).

Together with arsenalotti These infrastructures enabled the production and rapid repair of the Venetian fleet, including galleons and galeasses ( galeazze ), increasing Venice's military and commercial power.

Frequently asked questions

In this section, we answer frequently asked questions about the Venice Arsenale to provide you with accurate and useful information.

What are the opening hours of the Venice Arsenale?

Opening hours vary according to the area to be visited.

For the northern part, visits are generally possible from Monday to Friday, from 08:00 to 15:00. Please check current opening hours before planning your visit.

What is the history of the Venice Arsenal?

The Venice Arsenal was founded in 1104 on the initiative of Doge Ordelafo Faliero.

It was one of the largest shipyards of its time and played a central role in the development of the Republic of Venice's maritime power.

Can I visit the Venice Arsenale, and if so, how?

Yes, it is possible to visit certain parts of the Venice Arsenale.

Access is usually by vaporetto lines 4.1, 4.2, 5.1 and 5.2, or on foot. The tour focuses on public spaces and designated areas on the first floor of buildings.

What role did the Venetian Arsenal play in the military power of the Venetian Republic?

The Arsenal was the keystone of the Venetian Republic's maritime power, enabling rapid industrial production of ships.

This efficiency contributed significantly to Venice's military and commercial influence in the Mediterranean world.

How is the Venice Arsenal represented in Civilization 6?

In the Civilization 6 video game, the Venice Arsenal is a marvel that offers strategic advantages to players.

In particular, it increases their ability to shipbuilding production reflecting its historic importance as a shipbuilding center.

What's the link between the Venice Arsenal and the Venice Biennale?

The Venice Arsenale is also one of the main venues for the Venice Biennale, a famous international cultural event.

Contemporary art exhibitions and other artistic events take place here.

This makes the former shipyard a vibrant center of modern culture.

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ARSENAL OF VENICE

For centuries, the Arsenal of Venice ( l’Arsenale ) has been the industrial hearth of the Republic and one of the oldest factories in the world. It included a real assembly line.

The Arsenal supported the sea power of the Republic of Venice. Ships and warships built here granted to Venice the military strength to fight Turks and the economic force to commerce all over the Mediterranean.

The importance of the Arsenal is proved by the fact it occupies almost 15% (46 hectares) of the whole territory of Venice.  When fully operational, The number of workers reached 2000 people, they were called Arsenalotti .

The name derives from an Arabic word meaning “place of production”, later Italianised into Arsenale.

A first Arsenal was built at the beginning of the XII century, which was just a very simple industrial area.

Later it became a real factory and many buildings and new areas were added. It had everything is needed to produce a warship: The Fonderie, The Corderie, the Officine dei Remi and the Artiglieria (Artillery).

The wood was provided by the forests in the nearby mainland, which was also under the venetian control.

The two main warships built there were the galee and the galeazze, which played a main role during the battle of Lepanto in 1571.

Under the Austrian domination and later under the Reign of Italy, the Arsenal  of Venice became too small for the needs of modern ships.

During WWII it was occupied by germans, which built many bunker anti-aircrafts still visible nowadays.

Today, almost half of Arsenal is still under the control of the navy, which has an important research and study place here.

Arsenal is still a nice and active part of Venice, thanks to Biennale and the Naval Museum.

The role of Arsenal has shifted from war to culture. Every two years, it hosts the worldwide famous Biennale of Art, a modern art exposition which gathers artists and visitors from everywhere.

Last Biennale was held in 2017 and it was seen by more than 600.000 people!!

During Biennale, everyone can visit the Arsenale which deserves, alone, a tour. It is indeed an open-air museum.

The Arsenal was even mentioned in the Divina Commedia by Dante Alighieri, and if he described it, you should pay a visit without hesitation! 🙂

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Stepping Back in Time: A Comprehensive Guide to Visiting the Venetian Arsenal

As a traveller visiting Venice, you are, of course, compelled to check off the must-see sights like the Grand Canal , Doge’s Palace , and St. Mark’s Square . However, to fully appreciate the history and maritime might of Venice, a visit to the Venetian Arsenal, or Arsenale di Venezia, is a must.

Historical Significance

Situated in the Castello district, the Venetian Arsenal holds an integral position in the city’s history. In the Republic’s heyday, the Arsenal was the heart of Venice’s naval power and was considered the most innovative shipyard in the world. The significance of the Arsenal is more than historical; it’s a symbol of Venice’s past maritime dominance and the city’s innovation in naval technology.

Getting to the Venetian Arsenal

Easily accessible, the Venetian Arsenal is a short vaporetto ride from the city center. The water bus stops right at the Arsenal, and from there, the massive complex is hard to miss.

Touring the Venetian Arsenal

Though the Arsenal is not entirely open to the public due to its active naval functions, a part of it is accessible for tourists. The impressive entrance, the Porta Magna, crafted from Istrian stone in 1460, is a sight to behold. Sculptures of four lions, brought from Greece in 1687, add to its grandeur.

The Naval History Museum, located in the monumental complex of the Old Granaries of the Venetian Republic, is the next stop on your Arsenal exploration. The museum showcases the evolution of shipbuilding through detailed models, actual historic vessels, and other artifacts. It’s a fascinating dive into Venice’s maritime past.

The Biennale Exhibition

Apart from its historical aspect, the Venetian Arsenal is now known as a hub of art and architecture, hosting the world-renowned Venice Biennale. Various countries exhibit their contemporary art pieces in the Arsenal’s expansive space, converted into galleries.

If you happen to visit during the Biennale, which is held every other year, you’ll experience a unique blend of old and new – ancient architecture housing contemporary art. The thematic exhibitions curated by top-notch art experts offer an incredible visual treat.

The Venetian Arsenal serves as a testament to Venice’s former glory and maritime prowess, and it continues to be a place of significance in the modern world as a cultural center. Visiting the Arsenal offers an enriching perspective on Venice’s history that goes beyond gondolas and canals, revealing a deeper narrative of power, innovation, and resilience.

Whether you are a history enthusiast, art lover, or a curious traveler, the Arsenal should be on your Venice itinerary. As you wander through this ancient complex, you can almost hear the echoes of shipbuilders and naval officers, feel the city’s power, and appreciate Venice’s enduring link to the sea.

#VenetianArsenal #HistoricVenice #ArsenaleDiVenezia #VeniceTravel #MaritimeHistory #BiennaleVenice #ExploreVenice #HiddenVenice #VenetianCulture #ItalianAdventures #TravelGuide #VeniceArt #TravelItaly #HistoricalSites #VenetianExploration #VeniceUncovered #AuthenticVenice #ItalianMaritime #VeniceCityGuide #VenetianHeritage #VeniceLandmarks #TravelBlogger #TravelExperiences #VeniceJourney #VeniceItaly #VeniceTrip #DiscoverVenice #Venezia #EuropeanTravels #VisitVenice #WorldHeritageSites

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Top choice in Venice

Founded in 1104, the Arsenale soon became the greatest medieval shipyard in Europe, home to 300 shipping companies employing up to 16,000 people. Capable of turning out a new galley in a day, it is considered a forerunner of mass industrial production. Access is only possible during major events and exhibitions such as Carnival, the Arte Laguna Prize and the art and architecture Biennale, when it forms an awesome backdrop to international exhibitions.

Campo de l'Arsenale

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8 . Arsenale Construction Sheds

These sheds built for the construction of boats are now utilised by the Biennale as exhibition space.

For a long time, the Arsenal in the east of the island of Venice was by far the largest shipyard in the world. The first ships were built here in the 12th century. For many centuries the Arsenal was a huge and very efficient shipyard, especially for warships. Already several hundred years ago warships were manufactured in Arsenal in a kind of assembly line system. In many years dozens of large ships could be produced per month. Without the arsenal, Venice would hardly have been conceivable as a great naval power. Especially the ships, whether merchant ships or warships, were of great importance for Venice as a world power. The gigantic Arsenal site covers almost 10% of Venice's total area.

Many of the huge historic buildings in the Venice Arsenal are largely preserved. Unfortunately, it is not possible to visit the Arsenal. Today it is the military area of the Italian army.

In the arsenal, the ships were not only built. It was also the great base of the Venice fleet. Also many boats in the Arsenal were repaired and modernized.

After getting off at the Arsenale vaporetto station, walk a few metres to the right along the sea until you reach the next small bridge. You are already standing in front of the museum (see below). To the actual entrance of the Arsenal, walk along the path from the sea to the museum along the canal (about 200 metres).

Museum storico navale

Close to the Arsenal site is the large Arsenal Museum, generally known as the Museum of the History of Navigation. Unfortunately, the museum "Museo storico navale" was closed during our visit in October 2017. According to a staff member, the renovation of the building could take a long time. A date for the reopening is not yet known. See also:  List Museums Venice

At the moment there is only one boat shed to visit. In the halls several larger, historical ships are exhibited. Not uninteresting. Italian name: Padiglione delle Navi. Admission: 5 euros (3.50 euros with discounts for children, pupils and students, for example, children under 6 do not pay admission). Opening hours daily from 8:45 to 17. Prices and opening hours: Autumn 2017.

This open part of the museum is almost directly at the famous historical entrance to the Arsenal with the two mighty towers on the left and right (see picture above).

City map with Arsenal

More sights around the Arsenale

Otherwise, you can only take a look at a small part of the area in front of the entrance to the Arsenal grounds, preferably from the Arsenal Bridge (the dark wooden bridge at the top of the picture).

On the left in front of the entrance stands the famous statue "Lion of Piraeus". This statue once stood in Piraeus (Greece) but was taken to Venice by the Venetians at the end of the 17th century as spoils of war.

The lions of Piraeus are a very popular photo motif. The predators made of light marble are more than 3 meters high.

Venice Revealed

The Venice Arsenale: Why You Must Visit this Hidden Gem 

Located in the Castello area of Venice, the Venetian Arsenal was once the largest single largest industrial complex in Europe before the Industrial Revolution. It played a key role in Venice’s rise as a maritime power. The Arsenale was not just a shipyard; it was a symbol of innovation and strength.

Today, the Arsenale is a fascinating blend of history and culture. It hosts art exhibitions, including the famous Venice Biennale. Visitors can get off the beaten path and explore its grand architecture and learn about its rich past.

The Arsenale is a must-see for anyone interested in Venice’s history and its journey from a naval powerhouse to a cultural treasure.

Let’s uncover the secrets of this historic site and see why it remains an important part of Venice today.

History of the Arsenale of Venice

The origins of the Venetian Arsenal date back to the 12th century, marking it as an integral part of Venice’s history. It was here that the Venetian government pioneered the assembly line process, revolutionizing ship production. 

This innovation allowed for the rapid construction of ships, a key factor in the success of the Venetian fleet. The Arsenale employed thousands of workers who were each skilled in producing their own particular prefabricated ship part, enabling the mass production of boats, a precursor to the industrial revolution taking place within its high walls.

The Venetian arsenal’s ability to turn out a completed warship every day was a marvel for its time and was not repeated again until the United States was able to do something similar in the Second World War.

The Architecture of the Arsenale

The architectural splendor of the Arsenale di Venezia begins with its iconic gates and towers. The gate is adorned with two majestic lions, which have become iconic symbols of the Arsenale and the city itself. These structures were not just for show; they played a vital role in projecting the power of the city of Venice.

These lions are not mere decorative elements; they hold historical significance. They were brought to Venice as spoils of war, serving as a symbol of the city’s military power and its wide-reaching influence during its heyday. The presence of these lions at the Arsenale’s gate symbolizes Venice’s dominance over the sea and its military power in naval warfare.

Visitors to the Arsenale are often struck by the sight of these lions. They are not only impressive works of art but also storytellers, bearing witness to Venice’s past glories.

The larger of the two lions , known for the inscriptions on its body, is particularly noteworthy. These inscriptions are runic and were carved by Scandinavian mercenaries, a reminder of the diverse influences that have shaped Venice’s history.

Venturing inside the Arsenale, the Corderie and Artiglierie buildings capture the essence of Venice’s historical naval prowess. The Corderie, an elongated building, was once the heart of rope production for the Venetian fleet. Its long, straight design was practical, allowing for the production of long ropes essential for ships. 

The Artiglierie, another significant building, was where weapons and artillery were manufactured. These spaces, once bustling with workers and filled with the sounds of production, now stand as remarkable examples of the Arsenale’s architectural heritage.

In these buildings, the blend of functionality and aesthetic appeal is evident. The architecture of the Arsenale di Venezia was not only about creating a large area for ship production but also about showcasing the city’s wealth and artistic flair.

Practical Information

Planning a visit to the Arsenale di Venezia is an exciting part of any trip to Venice. Located in the northern part of the city, the Arsenale is easily accessible.

Visitors can reach it by vaporetto , Venice’s famous water bus, with stops near the main gate. For those who enjoy a scenic walk, the Arsenale is a pleasant stroll from St. Mark’s Square (San Marco), offering a glimpse into the off the beaten path areas of Venice.

Upon entering through the iconic main gate, visitors are greeted by the impressive sight of the two towers, a perfect start to exploring this historic site. The Arsenale area covers a large area, showcasing a range of buildings from different eras, each with its own story. Key sights include the Corderie, where ropes for ships were once made, and the imposing Sale d’Armi.

Naval Museum Highlights

A highlight of any visit to the Arsenale is the Naval Historical Museum (Museo Storico Navale). This museum offers an in-depth look at the history of the Venetian navy and maritime traditions. Inside, visitors can see a vast collection of model ships, naval instruments, and historical artifacts. The museum provides a comprehensive overview of how the Arsenale was the backbone of Venice’s naval power, with exhibits that showcase the evolution of shipbuilding and naval warfare.

The museum also includes the Ship Pavilion, located in the Arsenale’s northern part. Here, visitors can see actual boats and ships, including the Bucintoro , the Doge’s personal ceremonial barge, and warships. This part of the museum is a must-see for anyone interested in naval history and the craftsmanship of shipbuilding.

Museum Schedule: Wednesday to Monday: 11 AM – 5 PM Tuesday: Closed

• Full Price: 10.00 euros
• Reduced Price: 7.50 euros for children aged 6 to 14, students aged 15 to 25, individuals over 65, and holders of the Muve Friend Card
• School Groups: 4.00 euros per student (a list of students’ names must be provided by the school, valid also for coordinators)
• Residents: 1.55 euros
• Free Entrance: People with disabilities, children under 6 years old

The Arsenale During the Venice Biennale

The role of the Arsenale in modern art is particularly significant during La Biennale di Venezia. The Biennale transforms the spaces of the Arsenale into vibrant exhibition areas, showcasing contemporary art from around the world. Artists and young creators find inspiration in the historical backdrop of the Arsenale, blending the old with the new in striking ways.

The Venice Biennale is divided into two main sectors: the Art Biennale and the Architecture Biennale. These events take place in alternate years, ensuring that each edition brings fresh perspectives and ideas to the forefront.

During the Art Biennale, the Arsenale, along with other venues across Venice, becomes a canvas for artists from around the globe. The historic buildings and open spaces of the Arsenale are transformed into exhibition areas, where contemporary artworks, installations, and performances take center stage. This event is a celebration of modern art, attracting artists, critics, and art lovers from all corners of the world.

The Architecture Biennale, on the other hand, focuses on architectural innovation and design. The Arsenale becomes a hub for architects, designers, and thinkers to showcase their ideas and projects. This event explores current trends in architecture, urban planning, and the relationship between society and built environments.

During both the Art and Architecture Biennales, the Arsenale plays a crucial role. Its large spaces and unique industrial architecture provide an ideal backdrop for large-scale installations and exhibitions. The Italian Pavilion, located within the Arsenale, is often the centerpiece of these events, featuring works by Italy’s most prominent artists and architects.

Wrapping It Up

Whether you’re wandering through its quiet courtyards during the off-peak season or exploring its art-filled spaces during the Biennale, the Arsenale offers a unique and enriching experience, a hidden gem waiting to be discovered in the heart of Venice.

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Reviving Venices Glory: A Journey through the Venetian Arsenal

Aug 24, 2023

Discovering the Venetian Arsenal

Nestled in the heart of Venice, the Venetian Arsenal is an impressive testament to the city’s rich maritime history. Comprising a complex of former shipyards and armories, it’s one of the most significant landmarks in the city.

The Significance of the Venetian Arsenal

While Venice is renowned for its iconic landmarks like the Venice Grand Canal and St. Mark’s Square , the Venetian Arsenal holds a special place in the city’s history.

Established in the 12th century, the Arsenal was the heartbeat of Venice’s naval power during the Renaissance. It was one of the largest shipbuilding centers in Europe, producing the vessels that helped Venice establish its dominance in the Mediterranean Sea. This maritime strength was a critical factor in Venice’s rise as a center of trade and culture.

The Arsenal is also a symbol of Venice’s technological innovation. Its efficient assembly-line production was a marvel of its time, allowing the city to quickly produce a fleet of ships when needed. This innovation cemented Venice’s reputation as a city ahead of its time, a spirit that continues to permeate the city to this day.

The History of the Venetian Arsenal

The Venetian Arsenal was established in 1104, in an era when Venice was expanding its naval fleet to protect its growing trade routes. Its strategic location, close to the city center and the sea, made it the perfect site for shipbuilding.

As Venice’s power grew, so too did the Arsenal. It was expanded several times to increase its shipbuilding capacity. By the 16th century, it was said to be capable of producing a ship a day – an unprecedented rate for the time.

The Arsenal continued to function as a shipyard and military depot until the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797. After this, it was used for various purposes, including a naval base and a research center.

Today, the Arsenal is a testament to Venice’s illustrious past, a symbol of the city’s maritime prowess, and a must-visit site for any history enthusiast or cultural explorer. Its towering gates, impressive architecture, and the sense of history that permeates the air make it a fascinating destination on your Venetian journey. It’s a tangible link to the past, offering you a glimpse into the city’s rich maritime heritage .

The Architecture of the Venetian Arsenal

As you navigate the labyrinthine streets of Venice, the monumental architecture of the Venetian Arsenal stands as a testament to the city’s maritime prowess. The grandeur of its design and the intricacies of its construction are a sight to behold.

Unique Architectural Features

The Venetian Arsenal is an architectural marvel that embodies Venice’s maritime heritage. One of the most striking features of the Arsenal is its imposing entrance, known as the Porta Magna. Constructed in the 15th century, the Porta Magna features two magnificent towers flanking a grand arch.

As you wander deeper into the Arsenal, you’ll discover a series of massive shipyards and warehouses, which once buzzed with the production of the Venetian fleet. The vast brick buildings, arched passageways, and vaulted ceilings are a testament to the robust and functional design of this historic shipyard. Be sure to check out our article on Venice’s Maritime Heritage to delve deeper into the city’s naval history.

The Evolution of the Arsenal’s Design

The Venetian Arsenal’s architecture didn’t remain static, but rather, evolved over centuries to meet the changing needs of the city’s fleet. Initially, the Arsenal was a simple series of shipyards and workshops. However, as Venice’s naval power grew, so did the scale and complexity of the Arsenal.

During the 14th century, the Arsenal underwent a significant expansion, incorporating new technologies and construction techniques. This period saw the introduction of the “darsena nuovissima,” a cutting-edge wet dock system that revolutionized ship construction and maintenance.

In the 16th century, the Arsenal’s design further evolved to accommodate the production of larger warships. Additional warehouses and armories were constructed, and the shipyards were expanded to facilitate the rapid assembly of ships. This constant evolution of the Arsenal’s design underscores the adaptability and ingenuity of Venetian engineering.

The Venetian Arsenal is a stunning example of Venice’s architectural prowess and maritime tradition. Its unique features and evolving design offer a fascinating glimpse into the city’s past. As you explore the Arsenal, remember to take a moment to appreciate the blend of form and function that defines this historic monument. To further immerse yourself in the city’s architectural heritage, don’t miss our guide on Renaissance Architecture in Venice .

The Function of the Venetian Arsenal

As you delve deeper into the history and significance of the Venetian Arsenal , it’s crucial to understand its primary functions. Two roles stand out prominently: the Arsenal as a shipyard and as a military depot.

The Arsenal as a Shipyard

The Venetian Arsenal’s primary function was as a shipyard. In its heyday, this place was like the beating heart of Venice’s maritime prowess. This is where the great Venetian fleet took shape, with a production capacity that could astound anyone.

The Arsenal could produce a fully-equipped ship in just one day. Imagine 16,000 workers toiling away, creating vessels piece by piece in an assembly line fashion – a concept centuries ahead of its time. They were able to achieve this feat due to the Arsenal’s efficient organization. Each section of the Arsenal was dedicated to a specific part of the shipbuilding process, making the entire operation run like a well-oiled machine.

For more on Venice’s maritime heritage, you can check out our article on Venice’s maritime heritage .

The Arsenal as a Military Depot

Aside from shipbuilding, the Venetian Arsenal also functioned as a significant military depot. It served as the primary storage facility for weapons, ammunition, and other military equipment. The Arsenal was essentially the backbone of Venice’s military might, securing its status as a formidable maritime power in the Mediterranean.

In the Arsenal, you’d find everything from cannons and gunpowder to armors and crossbows. This vast collection of military equipment played a crucial role in Venice’s defense and expansion strategies.

These dual roles – shipyard and military depot – were instrumental in securing Venice’s reputation as a powerful city-state. As you walk through the Arsenal today, try to picture the bustling activity of this once-mighty shipyard and the sheer volume of military might it housed. And remember, the Arsenal is just one piece of the puzzle. To fully appreciate Venice’s rich past, be sure to explore the city’s other historical sites like the Venice Grand Canal and St. Mark’s Square .

Exploring the Venetian Arsenal Today

Stepping into the present, let’s uncover the rich experiences that the Venetian Arsenal offers today. From its historical significance to the awe-inspiring architecture, this place is a treasure trove for history enthusiasts, art lovers, and cultural explorers alike.

What to Expect During Your Visit

When you visit the Venetian Arsenal , you’re stepping into a world that has seamlessly blended centuries-old history with contemporary culture. The Arsenal, once the heart of Venice’s naval might, is now home to art exhibitions, cultural events, and historical tours.

As you walk through the grand entrance, you’ll be met by the imposing “Porta Magna”, a stunning example of Renaissance architecture. This portal, adorned with sculptures and reliefs, sets the tone for what’s to come.

Within the complex, you’ll be able to explore various buildings and spaces, each with their unique historical significance. From shipyard workshops and dry docks to weapon storage and administration offices, the Arsenal offers an immersive experience into Venice’s maritime past.

Remember, the Arsenal is vast, so it’s a good idea to set aside a few hours for your visit. Also, while the Arsenal is not as crowded as other Venetian attractions like the Grand Canal or St. Mark’s Square , it’s worth planning your visit early in the day to avoid the afternoon rush.

Highlights of the Venetian Arsenal

The Venetian Arsenal is packed with highlights that will captivate your interest. Here are a few you shouldn’t miss:

• Porta Magna: The main gateway into the Arsenal, it’s an impressive example of Renaissance architecture . It was one of the first buildings to apply the architectural principles of the Renaissance, marking a significant shift in Venetian architecture.
• Naval History Museum: This museum offers a deep dive into Venice’s maritime history, with exhibits displaying ancient ships, navigation instruments, maps, and more.
• Art Exhibitions: The Venetian Arsenal often hosts prominent art exhibitions, including the famous Venice Biennale. These exhibitions feature works from artists around the globe, showcasing contemporary art in a historical context.
• Historical Tours: Take a guided tour to fully appreciate the history and significance of the Arsenal. These tours offer fascinating insights into the workings of the Arsenal, its impact on Venice’s power in the Mediterranean, and its role in the city’s cultural and economic development.

Exploring the Venetian Arsenal is like stepping back in time, offering you a unique glimpse into Venice’s glorious past. So, during your visit to Venice, make sure to add this historical marvel to your itinerary and immerse yourself in the city’s maritime heritage.

Whether you’re a history buff, an art lover, or a cultural explorer, the Venetian Arsenal offers something for everyone. And while you’re in Venice, don’t forget to explore other iconic landmarks like the Rialto Bridge and Doge’s Palace . Happy exploring!

Embracing the Spirit of Venice

Getting to know Venice isn’t just about gondola rides and stumbling upon quaint, hidden piazzas. It’s about immersing yourself in the city’s rich history and understanding the cultural significance of its landmarks. One such landmark, the Venetian Arsenal , plays a huge role in the cultural fabric of Venice. Let’s delve deeper into this.

The Arsenal’s Role in Venetian Culture

The Venetian Arsenal, once the heart of Venice’s naval power, is more than just a shipyard. It’s a symbol of Venice’s past glory. This mighty complex has been instrumental in shaping the city’s identity, contributing not just to its military prowess but also to its economic prosperity.

During the city’s heyday, the Arsenal was a hub of innovation, a testament to Venetian ingenuity and craftsmanship. It was here that Venice’s formidable naval fleet was constructed, securing the city’s status as a dominant maritime power. This in turn bolstered trade, bringing wealth and diversity to the city and shaping its unique cultural landscape.

Today, the Arsenal continues to play a vital role in Venetian culture, hosting events such as the prestigious Venice Biennale and serving as a reminder of the city’s illustrious past. As you walk its grounds, you’re retracing the steps of countless Venetians who labored here, contributing to the city’s glory.

Connecting with Venice’s Maritime Past through the Arsenal

Stepping into the Venetian Arsenal is like stepping back in time. It’s a chance to connect with Venice’s maritime past and gain a deeper appreciation for the city’s history. As you explore the sprawling complex, you’re not just observing old buildings – you’re witnessing the birthplace of Venice’s naval might.

The Arsenal’s imposing towers, sturdy shiphouses, and intricate sculptural details tell a story of a time when Venice ruled the seas. They speak of the ingenuity and ambition of Venetians, and their determination to protect and grow their city.

Visiting the Arsenal offers an opportunity to delve deeper into Venice’s past, beyond the well-trodden paths of the Venice Grand Canal or St. Mark’s Square . It’s a chance to immerse yourself in the spirit of Venice, to understand the city’s soul.

So, as you plan your Venetian adventure, make sure to include the Venetian Arsenal in your itinerary. It’s not just a historical site – it’s a journey into Venice’s maritime heritage, a key to understanding the city’s past and the spirit that shaped it. Along with the hidden historic sites in Venice and Venice’s top museums , the Venetian Arsenal is a must-visit for any culture enthusiast. As you explore, remember to take a moment to appreciate the history that surrounds you. After all, you’re walking in the footsteps of Venetian history.

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The Arsenale of Venice: from Dante to the Biennale

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Every year, visitors from all over the world come to the Giardini and the Arsenale for the Biennale , the international exhibition of contemporary art and architecture which has taken place in Venice since 1895.

But, what is the Arsenale ?

Dar al-sina , the house of the art

Like several other Italian words, arsenale has its origins in the Arabic language. Dar al-sina meant “the house of the art, the house of manufacture”: in other words, a factory. The Arsenale was, in fact, the public shipyard where Venetians used to build their warships. Behind its walls, the construction of the fleet took place in a very efficient and organized factory controlled by the State.

Probably established as early as the 12 th century, the structure originally comprised only the pool behind the two towers next to the main gate in Campo de l’Arsenal.

Over the course of the centuries, the shipyard expanded to cover a large area in the north-eastern section of city. Different buildings were erected for the many different needs of the fleet: the corderie for the production of ropes, the artiglierie and sale d’armi for the manufacture and storage of weapons, and the gaggiandre as special shelters for galleys.

Illustrious visitors to the Arsenale

The Arsenale had to protect the secrets of the Venetian fleet, which is why it is entirely surrounded by a tall wall with merlons, almost like a fortress inside the city.

Such was the fear of spies that in the 16 th century the Venetian government ordered the windows of the bell tower of the Church of San Francesco della Vigna walled up because they were too close to the shipyard.

Yet, the Arsenale was also one of the greatest prides of the Serenissima and special guests were escorted inside its spaces to show off the shipbuilding skills of the Venetians.

For example, in 1314 the poet Dante Alighieri was in Venice as an ambassador from the city of Ravenna, and it is likely that he visited the Arsenale. A description of the activity in the shipyard appears in the 21 st canto of the Inferno, where the pitch used in the factory is compared to the dark boiling fire in Hell:

“As in the arsenal of the Venetians, all winter long a stew of sticky pitch boils up to patch their sick and tattered ships

that cannot sail (instead of voyaging, some build new keels, some tow and tar the ribs of hulls worn out by too much journeying;

some hammer at the prow, some at the stern, and some make oars, and some braid ropes and cords; one mends the jib, another, the mainsail);”

Another famous “tourist” was Henry III , King of France, who visited Venice in 1574. As part of the tour of the most noteworthy places in the city, the king was taken inside the Arsenale and showed how Venetians were able to build an entire galley in a single day!

Historians doubt that this was actually possible, it was probably staged as a way to show off for the king. Still, it was not a bad way to get a foreign ruler to take Venice seriously.

19 th century innovations

After the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797, French and Austrian rulers updated the ancient Arsenale for new naval technologies.

One of the most evident changes was the opening of the Porta Nuova, the new gate facing San Piero di Castello. Next to it the Torre di Porta Nuova was built, a huge structure designed to contain machinery to mast ships, though the machinery was never completed.

More innovations were carried out by the Italian State after 1866, allowing the construction of iron ships and submarines in the Arsenale of Venice. Modern vessels and weapons were far heavier than the old ones, thus, modern cranes became necessary. These were imported from England and are still visible along the main pool: a Fairbairn steam crane which was installed in 1874 and a hydraulic crane built by Armstrong Mitchell in 1885. The latter is the only remaining example of its type in the world and, at the time, it was one of the most advanced and innovative cranes anywhere. Custom made in England, it was then delivered to Venice and assembled on site on top of the masonry base that we can still see today.

A unique showcase for contemporary art

Although part of the huge structure is still used as a military base by the Italian Navy, most of the Arsenale was gradually abandoned after the First World War. Its ancient spaces were simply no longer useful for the new necessities of the navy.

A completely new chapter in the history of the site started in 1980, with the first edition of the Architecture Biennale . On that occasion, curator Paolo Portoghesi used the Arsenale as a venue for the Strada Novissima (The Newest Street): 20 facades of houses, designed by 20 different architects, showcased along 70 of the 317 metres of the Corderie . The following year, the site was used again, this time for the Art Biennale to showcase the works of young artists.

Following necessary restoration work, several spaces in the Arsenale are now used regularly for the Biennale, and together with the Giardini, the site has become one of the exhibition’s main venues.

The Corderie hosts one section of the thematic exhibition, featuring different international artists or architects.

National pavilions are to be found in the Sale d’Armi and Artiglierie, as well as in the Tese, which used to be a warehouse for wood.

A big section of the Tese is occupied by the Italian Pavilion, for which a new entrance gate was designed by architect Cino Zucchi in 2014.

In front of the pavilion, the Gaggiandre are often used to host impressive installations suspended over the water.

Another outdoor space which often hosts site specific projects is the Giardino delle Vergini (Garden of the Virgins), the former site of a convent that became part of the Arsenale in the 19 th century. This garden is now the very last section of the exhibition, leading to the Ponte dei Pensieri (Bridge of Thoughts), created in 2009 as a new gate out of the Biennale.

Finally, the Arsenale also hosts two theatres for the annual festivals of Dance, Theatre and Music.

The spaces of the Arsenale are accessible while the Biennale is happening (normally from May to the end of November), or in the rest of the year upon request. Visiting this ancient site is a fascinating way to discover the secrets of the military power of the Venetian Republic, a bit of the recent history of the city, and a collection of world-famous contemporary art exhibitions.

Venetian Arsenal

Armory and shipyard in venice.

The Venetian Arsenal or Arsenale di Venezia is a complex of former shipyards and armories clustered together in the city of Venice in northern Italy. Owned by the state, the Arsenal was responsible for the bulk of the Venetian republic’s naval power from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period. It was “one of the earliest large-scale industrial enterprises in history”.

Construction of the Arsenal began around 1104, during Venice’s republican era. It became the largest industrial complex in Europe before the Industrial Revolution, spanning an area of about 45 hectares (110 acres), or about fifteen percent of Venice. Surrounded by a 2-mile (3.2 km) rampart, laborers and shipbuilders regularly worked within the Arsenal, building ships that sailed from the city’s port. With high walls shielding the Arsenal from public view and guards protecting its perimeter, different areas of the Arsenal each produced a particular prefabricated ship part or other maritime implement, such as munitions, rope, and rigging. These parts could then be assembled into a ship in as little as one day. An exclusive forest owned by the Arsenal navy, in the Montello hills area of Veneto, provided the Arsenal’s wood supply.

The Arsenal produced the majority of Venice’s maritime trading vessels, which generated much of the city’s economic wealth and power, lasting until the fall of the Venetian Republic to Napoleon in 1797. It is located in the Castello district of Venice, and it is now owned by the state.

The Venetian Arsenal appears in our Complete Guide to Visiting Venice !

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Visiting Venetian Arsenal

Access is only possible during major events and exhibitions.

Nearby Attractions

• Giardini della Biennale (0.8) km Gardens in Venice
• Chiesa Parrocchiale di Santa Maria Formosa (1.1) km Church in Venice
• Basilica dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo (1.1) km Church in Venice
• Bridge of Sighs (1.2) km Bridge in Venice
• Doge’s Palace (Palazzo Ducale) in Venice (1.2) km Palace in Venice
• Church of San Giorgio Maggiore (1.2) km Church and Tower in Venice
• Basilica di San Marco (1.2) km Basilica in Venice
• Piazzetta di San Marco (1.3) km Square in Venice
• Piazzetta dei Leoncini (1.3) km Square in Venice
• Biblioteca Marciana (1.3) km Historic Building and Library in Venice

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The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet.

Arsenal of Venice: World’s First Weapons Factory

Venice’s maritime power arose from a shipyard that with mass-production techniques, superb organization and skilled workers could launch two new ships a day.

In 1202, at the outset of the Fourth Crusade, the city-state of Venice accepted a contract from Italian count Boniface of Montferrat to transport 4,500 knights, their horses, 9,000 squires and 20,000 foot soldiers to the Holy Land in several hundred ships and to supply and feed them for one year with the support of 50 of its own war galleys. The ships were ready on time, and 30,000 maritime specialists—half of the adult population of Venice at the time—manned the fleet that sailed from its lagoon.

While the Venetians had constructed the formidable fleet largely in private shipyards, Venice did boast a small naval facility of 8 acres on drained marshland east of the city proper. Called the arsenal—derived from an Arabic term meaning “house of manufacture”—it was destined to become the most famous and feared military installation in the medieval and early modern world. By 1500 the shipyard/armory was the nerve center of the Venetian state and the largest industrial complex in the world. It employed production methods of unparalleled efficiency that long predated Henry Ford, including assembly lines and the use of standardized parts; vertical integration; just-in-time delivery; time management; rigorous accounting; strict quality control; and a specialized workforce.

Because of these innovations—as well as advanced shipbuilding skills and the unique cooperation of the Venetian people—the arsenal was able to produce incomparable warships with a speed and consistency unmatched by any rival. The arsenal enabled tiny Venice to dominate the Mediterranean and to become, for a time, the richest place on earth. It was the iron fist in Venice’s velvet glove.

The Venetian Arsenal’s origins are rooted in the city’s unique situation. Stretching across dozens of small islands, Venice was wholly dependent on the sea for trade and survival. Everything it required came by ship, and its entire population participated in the maritime life—from the wealthiest noble merchant to the humblest artisan.

Commercial rivalry and maritime war drove development of the arsenal itself. Within a century of the Fourth Crusade the facility had quadrupled in size. In 1303 and 1325 laborers added new basins, docks and slipways in an adjacent area of marsh, transforming the arsenal from a shiprepair and -storage facility into the state-managed center for shipbuilding and the provision of military resources. The city-state now required all galleys—the oar-driven vessels used for war and for such important commercial ventures as the spice trade—to be built at the facility.

The centralization of functions at the arsenal was revolutionary. Maritime activities traditionally carried out in small workshops scattered around a port were now consolidated in a central location protected by high walls, making the arsenal both factory and fortress. It provided for all stages of shipbuilding and repair, as well as the manufacture of sails, lines and oars. It held forges to create nails, iron fittings and weapons, furnaces for casting anchors and, later, cannon, and storage facilities to hold all the raw materials on which these depended.

The arsenal was physically and psychologically central to Venice. Townspeople experienced a daily reminder of the “house of manufacture” in the ringing of the Marangona (carpenter’s bell) atop the campanile in St. Mark’s Square—marking the start and end of each working day. Its workers, the arsenalotti , were aristocrats among workingmen, enjoying special privileges and direct contact with the centers of power. Supervising them was a team of elected nobility who lived on-site; their admiral, who directed the actual shipbuilding, wore a scarlet robe and held an honored place in ceremonial processions; and the state jealously guarded the arsenal’s greatest asset—its master shipwrights.

Central to the Venetian Arsenal’s production processes were specialization and quality control. Each skill had its own guild and qualification procedures. The principal guilds were those of the carpenters, who framed the ships; the caulkers, who planked out and sealed them; and the oar makers. Minor guilds represented the makers of masts, pulleys and gun carriages, the wood-carvers, sawyers, smiths and coopers. Even the rafters who poled felled trees downriver to Venice formed a guild.

The carpenters and caulkers underwent a rigorous apprenticeship, starting as young as age 10 and stretching six to eight years; becoming a master depended on a practical exam taken before the lords of the arsenal. The care with which the state oversaw each stage of production was a reflection of its deep respect for the sea. A ship, its crew and thousands of ducats of valuable merchandise could be lost through shoddy construction, so each team’s work was the subject of continuous oversight. Inspectors checked work daily, holding caulkers accountable for split seams, carpenters for snapped masts and rope spinners for weak lines. Poor quality was grounds for dismissal.

Ironically, fueling this exacting labor was a continuous supply of wine, distributed to the workstations by a team of a dozen men six times a day. Arsenal workers consumed a prodigious 600,000 liters of wine a year—accounting for some 2 percent of the city-state’s annual budget. By the 17th century, to the astonishment of visitors, wine was being dispensed from a fountain that could pump out 10 liters a minute, or more than 6,000 liters every shift.

The arsenalotti worked up to 11 hours per day in summer and six in winter. The core workforce comprised some 2,000 skilled men, backed by emergency extra labor and an army of unskilled laborers and porters. Despite the reportedly harsh working conditions, the arsenalotti enjoyed exceptional privileges. They were more or less guaranteed employment for life and benefited from Europe’s first pension system; no matter how old or infirm a man might be, he would be paid for just turning up. Nor was the arsenal solely the preserve of men. A workforce of perhaps 100 women cut, sewed and repaired canvas in the enormous sail lofts.

The stars of the whole arsenal system were the master shipwrights, who laid down each galley’s basic shape—the keel, frame and ribbing. With them rested the art and skill of shipbuilding. These men worked by eye and instinct rather than from drawn plans, and they passed down the secrets of their craft from father to son. Dynasties of these craftsmen continuously refined the Venetian war galley over two centuries into the most feared attack vessel afloat. Light, narrow, fast and maneuverable, the Venetian model was built above all for closing speed under oars—some 7 knots with a well-greased hull at 26 strokes a minute. The key lay in the shaping of the hull and the positioning of rowing equipment—benches, thole pins and rigging. Everything else, even seaworthiness, was secondary in the final attack. To gain ergonomic advantage, shipwrights designed the galley to ride low in the water; thus, it was a poor sailer in high seas, but in close combat it was superb.

Venice handsomely rewarded its most talented shipbuilders, and competition among them was fierce. At the turn of the 15th century, the leading shipwrights were the Baxons, a Greek family. Anticipating the death of patriarch Theodoro Baxon, Venetian officials preserved some of his galleys as prototypes and then tried to poach his nephew Nicolò Palopano from Rhodes. It took 17 years to tempt the latter to Venice, where he encountered fierce competition from homegrown master Bernardo di Bernardo. The state sent both men’s galleys to the fleet for evaluation, but it was the sea that would decide the contest: In 1437 Venetian officials dismissed Bernardo after several of his merchant galleys foundered in a storm. Nicolò’s designs prevailed. When he died, he passed his craft secrets to his son Giorgio. Succeeding him, in turn, were the Bressans, a Venetian family dynasty that dominated shipbuilding in the first half of the 16th century. The Bressans not only brought the war galley to a new level of perfection but also constructed innovative round ships with which to hunt pirates.

Minute attention to detail and relentless sea trials gave Venetian ships their edge. The state’s determination to control and integrate all stages of production extended right down to the raw materials. Wood supply was a matter of state security, as the fleet required vast quantities of oak for the framework, larch and fir for masts, and beech for oars.

The arsenal’s lumber requirements were prodigious—a single mature beech tree, for example, produced just six of a war galley’s complement of 180 thirty-foot oars. By the mid–15th century arsenal supervisors were managing Venice’s mainland forests, mapping wood supply to the level of individual trees and branding valuable specimens for state use. Carpenters visited the forests in person to select suitable trees; others ensured a supply of crooked oaks for keels and ribbing was available by training branches into the desired shape.

Similar attention was paid to rope. The best quality hemp came from Bologna, but it was expensive and under the control of occasionally hostile Florence. So in 1455 Venice hired an expert Bolognese hemp grower at a hefty salary, drained suitable land and trained the local peasantry in hemp cultivation.

Venice was ahead of the curve in keeping a permanent galley fleet at sea in the 14th and 15th centuries. Its peacetime active fleet was as small as 10 vessels, swelling to 25 or 30 in times of war, but its maritime dominance was largely unchallenged. All this changed with the 1453 Fall of Constantinople, which made Venice the frontline state in Europe’s ongoing confrontation with the Ottoman Empire. The wakeup call came in the summer of 1470 when Sultan Mehmed II, “the Conqueror,” arrived in the Aegean with an enormous fleet and took one of the Venetian republic’s most valued naval bases at Negroponte, near Attica.

The sense of calamity sparked by Ottoman conquest plunged the Venetian Arsenal into a new cycle of growth and innovation. In 1473 the state began an ambitious expansion of the facility. When it was completed, two and a half miles of 50-foot-high blind brick walls, topped by battlements, enclosed 60 acres of basins, covered hangars, workshops, supply depots and lumber yards. The arsenal became the nerve center of a vast war machine that consumed 10 percent of state revenue. Surmounting the ornate new gateway was a grim lion; though Venetian lions often held an open Bible, proffering peace, this one’s book was firmly closed. The message was clear: The arsenal was ready for war.

Visitors to this new facility were staggered by its size and the concentration of industrial activity. When Milanese prelate and diplomat Pietro Casola visited the arsenal in 1494, he observed in the munitions store “covered and uncovered cuirasses, swords…crossbows, bows, large and small arrows, headpieces, arquebuses and other artillery.” In one of the vast sheds used to store galleys he noted 20 compartments, holding “one galley only, but a large one, in each compartment.” In his journal, he further described the shipbuilding operations:

In one part of the arsenal there was a great crowd of masters and workmen who do nothing but build galleys or other ships of every kind.…In one great covered place there are 12 masters, each one with his own workmen and his forge apart; and they labor continually, making anchors and every other kind of ironwork necessary for the galleys and other ships. There seems to be there all the iron that could be dug out of all the mountains of the world. Then there is a large and spacious room where there are many women who do nothing but make sails…[and] a most beautiful contrivance for lifting any large galley or other ship out of the water.

Casola also saw the Tana, the hemp cable-making factory, a narrow hall 1,000 feet long, “so long that I could hardly see from one end to the other.” Visitors also toured the gunpowder mills (turned by horses), the saltpeter stores and the giant bombards. The immense production units and the sense of immaculate order impressed. It looked like a vision of the industrial future. And indeed it was.

The concentration of combustible materials and gunpowder within the arsenal—and the fear of sabotage—also required tight security. Night watchmen continuously patrolled the battlements, calling out to each other on the hour. Failure to respond could lead to instant dismissal. The fear of disaster was well founded. In March 1509, for example, Venetian historian Marin Sanudo was attending a session of the Senate several hundred yards away when an explosion rocked the building: “Two huge blasts of cannon and powder exploded into the air,” he later wrote, “so that the houses and the ducal palace and the stars in the sky shook.” Sanudo ran to the arsenal, where he witnessed terrible scenes. “I encountered the many bodies pulled from the ruins, some burned, some mangled, some without a head, without an arm, some half-crazy, unable to speak, with faces like Saracens, blackened by the fire, who were being carried out on planks.” One of the arsenal’s most highly regarded shipwrights was killed in the blast, which ignited when a worker sealing a cask with a hammer and nail sparked the powder.

The unrelenting pressure of the Ottoman menace, with its seemingly inexhaustible manpower and natural resources, forced the Venetian Arsenal into a furious half century of technical and organizational innovation.

The facility ultimately became a practical laboratory of mechanical engineering and the science of materials, attracting the great figures of the day. When Leonardo da Vinci came to Venice, the arsenal may well have experimented with his designs, including floating gun batteries on the river Po. A century later its shipwrights sought Galileo’s help to improve the mechanical efficiency of oars. The underlying issue was how to adapt their galleys to the new conditions of gunpowder warfare. The Venetians had observed how round ships, carrying cannon, could be a formidable presence in battle but were extremely difficult to combine with oared galleys. How to build galleys that could function as floating gun platforms and yet still move at reasonable speed?

In 1525 the lords of the arsenal commissioned an experimental ship from another scientific mind. Vettor Fausto was a mathematician and professor of classical languages with no practical shipbuilding experience. He proposed to use mechanical theory to create a heavy galley as fast as any light one by employing five oars to a bench, rather than the usual three. The experimental quinquereme was duly built and successfully tested, but it ultimately proved too expensive to build and too hazardous to its crewmen.

About 1550 the shipwrights tried another solution: transforming merchant galleys into heavily armed oared galleasses (think precursor of USS Monitor ), with a forward wooden gun turret and cannon along its sides. Extremely ponderous under oars, the galleass nevertheless offered the potential of a heavier punch.

The arms race also raised the arsenal to a new pitch of efficiency, as administrators coordinated the storage of raw materials and introduced scrupulous accounting procedures and strict time-keeping measures (men who arrived late, for instance, weren’t paid). The shipwrights further standardized galley designs, enabling faster construction in larger batches by specialist teams. In 1537–38 the arsenal rolled out 50 hulls in just 10 months, an astonishing production rate. Meanwhile, interchangeable rudders, rigging and deck furniture replaced the one-off creations of individual shipwrights. The arsenal also rethought the storage of fittings and fixtures, setting aside a separate warehouse for each item and aligning the production stages in something approaching a linear assembly line.

With these systems in place, the arsenal moved to a just-in-time, prefabricated production system. Rather than keep a fleet in the water against the possibility of war, the arsenal kept a ready supply of planked and decked but uncaulked and unmasted hulls in the galley sheds. Each hull was numbered, and its respective parts—mast, rigging, rowing benches, hand weapons, cannons, flags, anchors— were separately stored and tagged with the same number.

This systematic counting, costing, storage and organization of a galley’s requisite parts was critical to the system, which drew increasingly on a hierarchy of sub-managers and gang bosses. At any one time the arsenal might be stockpiling, each in its own warehouse, 5,000 benches and braces, 15,000 oars, 300 sails, 100 masts and countless rudders, arms, pitch, cables and ironwork. The Venetians, bean counters to their fingertips, were masters of inventory; the gold standard was to have 100 galleys dry-stored in reserve.

When war broke out, the arsenal would ready its emergency fleet for action, rapidly caulking and greasing the ships before sending them down slipways kept perpetually clear. The final fitting of the ships was dramatic and very rapid. Workers raised and rigged the masts, and as tow vessels pulled each ship toward the lagoon past a line of warehouses, porters would pass out their respective fittings. Spanish traveler Pero Tafur witnessed a squadron of galleys being prepared in this way as early as 1436. One by one the hulls rolled into the basin, where teams of carpenters fitted the rudders and masts. Tafur then watched as each galley passed down the assembly line:

On one side are windows opening out of the houses of the arsenal, and the same on the other side, and out came a galley towed by a boat, and from the windows they handed out to them—from one the cordage, from another the bread, from another the arms and from another the ballistas and mortars—and so from all sides everything that was required. And when the galley had reached the end of the street, all the men required were on board, together with the complement of oars, and she was fully equipped from end to end. In this manner there came out 10 galleys, fully armed, between the hours of 3 and 9. I know not how to describe what I saw there, whether in the manner of its construction or in the management of the workpeople, and I do not think there is anything finer in the world.

The speed, efficiency, innovation and quality of the Venetian Arse- nal system saw its ultimate test after the Ottoman invasion of Cyprus. When war broke out in 1570, the emergency fleet of 100 galleys was at sea in just 50 days.

A comparison of Venice’s speedy mobilization with the far slower performance of its Spanish allies underlined just how revolutionary the Venetian assembly line was. Venice waited many months for the Barcelona arsenal to prepare its ships, a process the Venetian ambassador watched with mounting fury. “I see,” he wrote “that, where naval warfare is concerned, every tiny detail takes the longest time and prevents voyages, because not having oars or sails ready, or having sufficient quantities of ovens to bake biscuits, or the lack of 14 trees for masts, on many occasions holds up on end the progress of the fleet.”

Venice’s centuries of accumulated skill came to fruition the following year at the decisive Battle of Lepanto. On Oct. 7, 1571, the innovative Venetian galleasses first amazed the Ottoman admiral, then ripped holes in his front line; the light galleys on the left wing spun on their axes, pinned the Ottoman right against the Greek shore and obliterated it.

Lepanto was a victory manufactured in large part in Venice’s forge of war.

For further reading Roger Crowley recommends Venetian Ships and Shipbuilders of the Renaissance , by Frederic Chapin Lane, and Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal , by Robert C. Davis.

Originally published in the March 2011 issue of Military History. To subscribe, click here .  

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The Greek Lions of the Venice Arsenal

The Lion of Piraeus, Catch of War by Francesco Morosini

The Esoteric Lion with Runic Characters from the Venice Arsenal

“Haakon with Ulf, Asmund and Orn, conquered this port. These men received large sums because of the revolt of the Greek people. Dalk was a captive in distant lands. Egil waged war in Romania and Armenia with Ragnar ”

“On the orders of Harold the Great, Asmund engraved these runes with the help of Asgeir, Thorleif, Thord and Ivard, although the Greeks objected.”

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The Lion of Delos, the oldest lion in the Venice Arsenal

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“At the arsenal stand at rest two lions of ancient Greece. The gate, tower and canal look petty next to this pair. { "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "VisualArtwork", "name": "Lion from the island of Delos in Greece, from the school of Naxos, in front of the Arsenal of Venice.", "alternateName": "Lion from the island of Delos in Greece, from the school of Naxos, in front of the Arsenal of Venice", "image": "https://www.e-venise.com/pics/sculpture/lion-de-delos-arsenal-venise-italie-05.jpg", "sameAs": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/squares/lions-of-venice-arsenal.html", "description": "Lion from the island of Delos in Greece, from the school of Naxos, in front of the Arsenal of Venice.", "creator": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ancient Greek School of Naxos" } ], "artform": "Sculpture", "artMedium": "Greek Marble", "artworkSurface": "Greek Marble", "dateCreated": "6th century BC", "license": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/copyright.htm", "acquireLicensePage": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/copyright.htm" } Lion from the Greek island of Delos If the mother of the gods came down, they would both clutch her chariot and she would rejoice in her carriage. But now they stand there, melancholy. The modern winged tomcat wheels everywhere, and it is he whom Venice names its patron.” Goethe Epigrams Venice 1790

“Speaking of the Arsenal, I forgot to mention the two white marble lions which decorate the portal, and which caused me as much surprise as admiration. They are so big that everything around them seems small. It is said that they date from the most glorious period of Greek art” Goethe - Memoirs 1786

The Runic Lion of Piraeus at the Venice Arsenal

“The two colossi in pentelic marble are devoid of that zoological truth which Barye would doubtless have given them. But there is something about them that is so proud, so grandiose, so divine, if that word can be applied to animals, that they produce a deep impression. Their golden whiteness stands out admirably against the red facade of the Arsenal, composed of a portico populated by statues of merit nevertheless, that this terrible neighbourhood makes look like dolls, and of two red brick turrets crenellated and hemmed in with stone, like the houses on the Place Royale in Paris. Trophies of defeat, but still retaining their haughty and superb countenance, these lions seem to recall, in the city of St. Mark, the Attic Minerva. And the great Goethe celebrated them in an epigram that we translate here, asking forgiveness for substituting our puny verses for the Olympian rhythms of the Weimar Jupiter: { "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "VisualArtwork", "name": "Lion from the port of Piraeus in Athens with its runic inscriptions, in front of the entrance to the Arsenal in Venice", "alternateName": "Lion from the port of Piraeus in Athens with its runic inscriptions, in front of the entrance to the Venice Arsenal", "image": "https://www.e-venise.com/pics/sculpture/lion-du-piree-inscriptions-runiques-arsenal-venise-italie-09.jpg", "sameAs": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/squares/lions-of-venice-arsenal.html", "description": "Lion from the port of Piraeus in Athens with its runic inscriptions, in front of the entrance to the Venice Arsenal", "artform": "Sculpture", "artMedium": "Pentelic marble", "artworkSurface": "Marbre du Pentélique", "dateCreated": "570 BC", "license": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/copyright.htm", "acquireLicensePage": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/copyright.htm" } Lion from the port of Piraeus Two large lions brought from Attica Stand sentinel at the Arsenal walls, Peacefully, and close to the ancient couple, All is small, gate, tower and canal. They seem made for the chariot of Cybele, So proud are they, and the mother of the gods Would like to bend their rebellious necks to the yoke, If she left the heavens for earth. But now they guard the postern, Sad, without glory, and one hears here The modern winged cat mewing everywhere, That Venice has chosen as its patron!” Théophile Gautier - Italia (1855)

“Even more surprising are the two gigantic lions guarding the entrance to the armoury, which we examined as we finished. Masterpieces of ancient statuary, one taken from Athens, the other from Corinth, by Doge Morosini, the conqueror of the Turks, but the unintelligent devastator of the Parthenon. Strangely and inexplicably, these two marbles bear characters from the alphabet of the ancient Scandinavians, which had only sixteen letters, and which can still be found in Sweden. Did these runic prints come down from the North, or did they come up from the South? { "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "VisualArtwork", "name": "Lion from the port of Piraeus in Athens with its runic inscriptions, in front of the entrance to the Arsenal in Venice", "alternateName": "Lion from the port of Piraeus in Athens with its runic inscriptions, in front of the entrance to the Venice Arsenal", "image": "https://www.e-venise.com/pics/sculpture/lion-du-piree-inscriptions-runiques-arsenal-venise-italie-02.jpg", "sameAs": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/squares/lions-of-venice-arsenal.html", "description": "Lion from the port of Piraeus in Athens with its runic inscriptions, in front of the entrance to the Venice Arsenal", "artform": "Sculpture", "artMedium": "Pentelic marble", "artworkSurface": "Marbre du Pentélique", "dateCreated": "570 BC", "license": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/copyright.htm", "acquireLicensePage": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/copyright.htm" } Lion of the port of Piraeus It is to this last supposition that we turn, and everything leads us to believe that these horizontal and vertical bars derive from Phoenician, and that they will have been brought to the Baltic by some sailors from Tyre or Sidon, regarded as the first navigators of antiquity.” Noémie Dondel du Faouëdic - Souvenirs (1875)

“It's a very different animal, than the colossal lion that stands at the gate of the Arsenal. Motionless and angry, it looks like Salamis roaring.... It is not a noble and human lion, like Thorwaldsen's; it is a lion-god, the terrible genius of the Medieval wars, in which Europe seems ready to devour Asia...; Jules Michelet - On the Roads of Europe (1893)

“A simple gate closes the entrance (the Arsenal), and in front of this gate four lions, three of which are antique and one modern. Among the first lions, one in particular caught our eye. Its effect is astonishing. Sitting with his eyes fixed and his head held high, he is considered to be the most beautiful of his kind. On its back are a number of characters that have exercised the sagacity of scholars. It is believed to date from five to six hundred years before Christ, from a century before Phidias; it is presumed from the order of the characters drawn from right to left, the manner of the time. { "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "VisualArtwork", "name": "The four Greek lions in front of the entrance to the Venice Arsenal", "alternateName": "The four Greek lions in front of the entrance to the Venice Arsenale", "image": "https://www.e-venise.com/pics/sculpture/lions-grecs-arsenal-de-venise-italie-02.jpg", "sameAs": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/squares/lions-of-venice-arsenal.html", "description": "The four Greek lions in front of the entrance to the Venice Arsenal", "artform": "Sculpture", "artMedium": "Marble", "artworkSurface": "Marble", "dateCreated": "6th century BC. - 4th century BC", "license": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/copyright.htm", "acquireLicensePage": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/copyright.htm" } The four Greek lions in front of the Arsenal So that it is possible, say scholars, that it is a monument to the victory of Marathon, the year 490. Pausanias tells us that the Thebans erected a lion in memory of warriors who died for their country. And this lion is in Venice, where it had come from Constantinople.” Jean-Baptiste Trumet de Fontarce Impressions of a journey in Italy (1897)

“We admire, on both sides of the door, two c'olossal lions, which were transported from Athens to Venice in 1687 by François Morosini. { "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "VisualArtwork", "name": "The lion of Hephaestus from the Sacred Way that linked Athens to Eleusis in front of the entrance to the Arsenale in Venice", "alternateName": "The lion of Hephaestus from the Sacred Way that linked Athens to Eleusis in front of the entrance to the Venice Arsenal", "image": "https://www.e-venise.com/pics/sculpture/lion-voie-sacree-temple-hephaistos-arsenal-venise-italie-03.jpg", "sameAs": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/squares/lions-of-venice-arsenal.html", "description": "The lion of Hephaestus from the Sacred Way that linked Athens to Eleusis in front of the entrance to the Venice Arsenale", "artform": "Sculpture", "artMedium": "Pentelic marble", "artworkSurface": "Pentelic Marble", "dateCreated": "4th century BC", "license": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/copyright.htm", "acquireLicensePage": "https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/copyright.htm" } The lion of Hephaestus These lions, which, before adorning the threshold of this arsenal, have, for two thousand years, weighed down the piers of Piraeus with their weight, are certainly frustrated, but of such vigour of style, that even today, as on the day they left the sculptor's workshop, they have their whole character of power, of severe pride, of imposing and monumental majesty. It is not the hardness of the block, it is not the colossal scale of the proportions that ensure a glorious duration to the productions of statuary. It is rather this energetic imprint of human thought, this firmly grasped accuracy of character, this poetic abstraction of attributes, which, coming to be marked in the style, make the primitive expression of the work survive the injures of time and the very mutilations of men, preserve, retain, eternalise the spark of life, the breath of grace, the fire of indelible passion, even in a shattered torso, even in a frustrated section.” R. Töpffer - Zigzag journeys (1842)

Venice cruise port: How to spend your day in Italy’s most romantic city

Setting sail from Italy's Stazione Marittima (Venezia Terminal Passeggeri) near sunset is one of the most magical cruising experiences in the world. And if you're aboard a smaller cruise ship, gliding down the Grand Canal as the sinking sun colors iconic landmarks like St. Mark's Basilica and the Doge's Palace in golden hues is likely a memory you will never forget.

Renowned for its romantic canals, historic architecture and rich cultural heritage, Venice is an enchanting port call on many European and Mediterranean itineraries. The port's location offers easy access to major transportation hubs, including Venice Marco Polo Airport (VCE) and Treviso Airport (TSF), making it convenient. Numerous hotels in the vicinity provide excellent options for pre- or post-cruise stays.

As a gateway to the Mediterranean and Adriatic seas, the historic Venice port has seen a significant increase in activity in recent years, with more than 1.5 million passengers passing through annually. It currently accommodates more than 30 cruise lines, including Royal Caribbean , Celebrity Cruises , MSC Cruises , Oceania Cruises and Silversea Cruises .

However, this increase in tourism over the years has created concerns about the impact of cruise ships on the city's delicate architecture and environment. As such, Italian officials have begun redirecting larger ships to other ports, with these changes set to take full effect in the coming years. These ports include Chioggia, roughly 30 miles south of Venice; Ravenna, about 90 miles south of Venice; and Trieste, about 100 miles northeast of Venice. If you are starting or ending your cruise in Venice, you will want to double-check what port you are departing from.

3 things TPG loves about Venice

• The enchanting canals and historic architecture
• World-renowned landmarks
• Distinctive shopping and dining experiences, like grabbing cicchetti (Venetian tapas) and wine at a bacaro (local wine bar)

What we could do without

• Crowded tourist spots, especially when cruise ships are in port
• High prices
• Impact of mass tourism (increased water pollution and foot traffic damage to Venice's historic buildings)

Venice cruise port overview

Stazione Marittima is on the western side of Venice's historic center, near Piazzale Roma and the Tronchetto parking island. It's used as both a home port and a port of call for smaller cruise ships and river cruise vessels, including Seabourn , Windstar Cruises , Ponant Cruises and Viking .

Larger cruise lines that home port in Venice now dock at nearby Marghera or other regional ports like Ravenna or Trieste. From there, passengers take a shuttle service to Stazione Marittima. The port has modern facilities, including terminals, shuttle services, and amenities such as cafes and shops. Upon arrival, passengers can easily access Venice's main attractions by foot, water taxi or the city's famous Vaporetto (water bus) system.

Related: Best Italy cruises for a Mediterranean vacation

Venice fast facts

Arrival details

Venice's cruise port is near Piazzale Roma and the Tronchetto parking island. Shuttle services are available to transport passengers to the city center, and from there, most of Venice's main attractions are within walking distance. Larger cruise lines also now shuttle passengers from nearby ports to Stazione Marittima, as ships over 25,000 gross tons are not allowed to dock at the port anymore.

Language: Italian is the official language, but most tourist services use English

Currency: Italy uses the euro

Time zone: Central European Time (CET)

Top things to do in the Venice cruise port

St. Mark's Basilica

This stunning basilica is an absolute must-see in Venice. Known for its intricate Italo-Byzantine architecture, St. Mark's Basilica is adorned with more than 85,000 square feet of beautiful 13th-century mosaics. The basilica also has more than 500 Byzantine columns, some from the 6th century. Visitors can explore the church's interior, climb up to the terrace for spectacular views of St. Mark's Square and visit the museum to see the famous "Horses of Saint Mark" bronze sculptures.

Doge's Palace

Adjacent to St. Mark's Basilica, the Doge's Palace is a Gothic masterpiece that served as the Doge of Venice's residence and the seat of the Venetian government. Its opulent rooms are filled with Renaissance art and splendid decorations. The palace's prison cells and the infamous Bridge of Sighs, connecting the palace to the prison, offer a glimpse into the darker side of Venetian history.

Rialto Bridge

One of the most famous bridges in Venice, the Rialto Bridge spans the Grand Canal and offers picturesque views of the bustling waterway below. Completed in 1591, it is the oldest of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal.

The Rialto Bridge is a marvel of Renaissance engineering and was constructed as a single-span stone bridge. That was a daring design choice in the late 16th century when many believed it would collapse under its own weight. It did not, and its elegant arches have stood the test of time. Stroll across it to feel the city's vibrant energy, capture some unforgettable pictures, and check out the rows of shops selling everything from jewelry to souvenirs.

Gondola rides

No trip to Venice is complete without a gondola ride. These traditional boats offer a unique perspective of the city's canals and historic buildings. Depending on when your cruise departs or if you arrive early or stay late, gondola rides are particularly romantic in the evening, as the setting sun casts a golden glow over the water. For an extra-special experience, consider booking a serenaded gondola ride, where musicians will sing classic Italian songs as you drift through the canals.

Murano and Burano islands

A short boat ride from Venice, the islands of Murano and Burano are acclaimed for their artisanal crafts. Murano is renowned for its glassblowing workshops, where you can watch artisans at work and purchase gorgeous handmade glass pieces. Burano is known for its brightly colored houses and intricate lacemaking. A visit to these islands also provides an escape from the hustle and bustle of the city.

Popular Venice excursions

Cultural and historical excursions

One of the most popular city excursions is a guided tour of St. Mark's Basilica and the Doge's Palace. These tours often include skip-the-line access, allowing you to bypass the long lines and delve straight into the history and artistry of these iconic landmarks. The knowledgeable guides provide fascinating insights into the history of Venice and its rise as a maritime power.

Active excursions

A gondola ride combined with a walking tour is an excellent option for staying active. Start with a scenic gondola ride through the canals, followed by a guided walking and food tour through the winding streets of Venice. You'll get a good taste of the best of Venice in a short amount of time.

Island-hopping

Excursions to the Murano, Burano and Torcello islands are a popular choice if you've been to Venice and are looking for a new excursion. These tours typically include visits to glassblowing workshops in Murano, Burano's colorful streets and Torcello's historic churches. Each island offers its unique charm and a different aspect of Venetian culture.

Related: Shore excursions: What new cruisers need to know

Best Venice beaches near the cruise port

The closest beach to Venice, Lido di Venezia, has a sandy shoreline and a range of beach clubs where you can chill all day. This barrier island can provide a beachy escape from the city crowds (although it's also sometimes crowded) and offers opportunities for sunbathing and swimming.

Lido is about 4.3 miles from the port, and the journey takes between 30 and 60 minutes, depending on the transport you use. The fastest way to the barrier island is by a private water taxi from the port, which takes about 30 minutes.

To save some cash, walk about 20 minutes from the port. You can also take the People Mover train (the ride takes about five minutes and a one-way ticket costs 1.50 euros) to Piazzale Roma. From there, take Vaporetto Line 1 or Line 5.1 directly to Lido. For a scenic tour of the Grand Canal, take Line 1 in one of the directions, but know the trip is longer, close to an hour. Line 5.1 is more direct and takes about 45 minutes.

How to get around Venice on your own

On foot: Venice is a pedestrian city, and many of its main attractions are within walking distance of each other. Strolling through the narrow streets and across the picturesque bridges is one of the best ways to experience the city's charm and discover hidden gems.

Water taxi: In Venice, water taxis offer a quicker and more convenient way to get around. These private boats can be pricey, though, costing around 70-80 euros for a short trip for up to four passengers. However, they offer a direct and comfortable mode of transportation, especially for those who are traveling with luggage or in a group.

Vaporetto (water bus): The Vaporetto is Venice's primary mode of public transport. These water buses run regular routes along the Grand Canal and to the outer islands. They provide an affordable and efficient way to navigate the city, with tickets available for single journeys costing 7.50 euros and a 24-hour card for unlimited travel costing 20 euros.

Venice restaurants near the cruise port

The Cannaregio and Dorsoduro districts are known for their authentic Venetian cuisine and are great places to explore for a meal. Here, you can find traditional dishes such as cicchetti, risotto al nero di seppia (squid ink risotto) and fresh seafood dishes.

These areas are less touristy than the eateries near St. Mark's Square and usually have better quality food at more reasonable prices. Don't forget to try a classic Venetian dessert like tiramisu or a refreshing gelato from one of the many gelaterias scattered around the city.

Venice cruise port shopping

Venice is a great shopping city with a mix of high-end boutiques, local artisan shops and vibrant markets. The historic Rialto Market is an excellent place to start. Near the Rialto Bridge, it is a lively spot where locals pick up fresh produce, seafood and other Venetian specialties. It is easy to get lost just wandering the stalls here. The surrounding shops also offer an assortment of souvenirs, from Venetian carnival masks and handmade lace to Murano glass and marbled paper.

Head to Calle Larga XXII Marzo for high-end boutiques. Along this street, you'll find international brands like Gucci, Prada and Louis Vuitton, as well as local designers. It's a shopper's paradise, offering everything from fashion to jewelry and accessories.

Mercerie is another bustling shopping street connecting St. Mark's Square to the Rialto Bridge. It's lined with a mix of local shops and international stores, offering a wide range of products, including clothing, accessories and souvenirs. The Mercerie is excellent for finding unique Venetian items like handcrafted masks and glasswork.

Free things to do in the Venice cruise port

One of the best free ways to experience Venice is simply by wandering through its narrow streets and canals. The city's architecture, bridges and hidden squares are delightful to explore on foot, and you'll often stumble upon charming cafes and shops.

While some attractions in the square require an entrance fee, it costs nothing to walk around St. Mark's Square and admire the stunning architecture of St. Mark's Basilica, the Campanile and the surrounding buildings. The square is also excellent for people-watching and soaking in Venice's vibrant vibe.

Walking across the iconic Rialto Bridge for views of the Grand Canal is a free activity in Venice. The bridge is a piece of history, and the surrounding area teems with shops and lively cafes.

Bottom line

Stazione Marittima offers easy access to the city center, famed for its unique blend of historic charm, cultural richness and scenic beauty. From exploring iconic landmarks like St. Mark's Basilica and the Doge's Palace to enjoying a romantic gondola ride through the canals, this enchanting city has something for everyone.

Despite the challenges posed by mass tourism, Venice remains a must-visit destination, offering unforgettable experiences and a glimpse into Italy's rich heritage.

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